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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 12686:1999 ICS 25.
2、220.40; 25.220.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Metallic and other inorganic coatings Automated controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to nickel, autocatalytic nickel or chromium plating, or as a final finish Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun
3、, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 February 2000 BSI 02-2000
4、 ISBN 0 580 35904 2 BS ISO 12686:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 12686:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/33
5、, Electrodeposited and related coatings, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international
6、and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the B
7、SI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsib
8、le for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 34, an inside back cover and a ba
9、ck cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 12686:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12686 First edition 1999
10、-12-01 Metallic and other inorganic coatings Automated controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to nickel, autocatalytic nickel or chromium plating, or as a final finish Revtements mtalliques et autres revtements inorganiques Grenaillage automatique de pices mtalliques avant dpt lectrolyti
11、que de nickel, dpt autocatalytique de nickel, ou dpt lectrolytique de chrome, ou en tant que finition de surface Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO12686:1999(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:4
12、9:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) ?iii Contents?Page 1?Scope 1 2?Normative references1 3?Terms and definitions .2 4?Materials and equipment.7 5?Ordering information.13 6?Pre-peening treatment.13 7?Procedure.14 8?Post-peening treatment.16 9?Certification and test recor
13、ds.17 Annex A (normative) Freedom from iron contamination test.18 Annex B (normative) Cast steel shot 19 Annex C (normative) Wire shot21 Annex D (normative) Characteristics of ceramic shot23 Annex E (normative) Almen strip, holder and gauge25 Annex F (normative) Calibration system requirements27 Ann
14、ex G (informative) Non-mandatory information 31 Bibliography34 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) iv? Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stan
15、dards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International org
16、anizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given
17、 in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 12686 was
18、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107,Metallic and other inorganic coatings, Subcommittee SC 3,Electrodeposited coatings and related finishes. Annexes A to F form a normative part of this International Standard. Annex G is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun No
19、v 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) ?v Introduction Shot-peening is a process for cold-working surfaces by bombarding the product with shot of a solid and spherical nature propelled at a relatively high velocity. In general, shot peening will increase fatigue l
20、ife of a product that is subject to bending or torsional stress. It will improve resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. It can be used to form parts or correct their shapes. See annex G for additional information. It is essential that the shot-peening process parameters be rigidly controlled to en
21、sure repeatability from part to part and lot to lot. This International Standard describes techniques and methods necessary for proper control of the shot peening process. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffi
22、eldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 12686:1999(E) ?1 Metallic and other inorganic coatings Automated controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to nickel, autocatalytic nickel or chromium plating, or as a final fini
23、sh 1?Scope This International Standard describes the requirements for automated, controlled shot-peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, ceramic shot or glass bead
24、s. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is usually not suitable for brittle materials. Hand- peening and rotary flap-peening are specifically excluded. Shot-peening induces residual compressive stresses in the
25、 surface and near surface layers of metallic articles, and changes the surface microstructure (including phase transformation), thereby controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or increasing the fatigue properties of unpl
26、ated articles. 2?Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, pa
27、rties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC mai
28、ntain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 565:1990,Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings. ISO 2194:1991,Industrial screens Woven wire cloth, perforated plate and electroformed sheet Designation and nominal sizes o
29、f openings. ISO 3310-1:1990,Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. ISO 3453:1984,Non-destructive testing Liquid penetrant inspection Means of verification. ISO 6933:1986,Railway rolling stock material Magnetic particle acceptance testing. Licensed Cop
30、y: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) 2? 3?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Almen strip UNS G10700 carbon steel specimens that are used to c
31、alibrate the energy of a shot-peening stream (see Figure 1) 3.2 Almen strip holding fixture fixture for holding Almen strips in suitable locations that represent the position and angular orientation of the surfaces of a part where intensity is to be determined and verified (see Figure 2) 3.3 arc hei
32、ght flat Almen strips which, when subjected to a stream of shot moving at an adequate velocity, will bend in an arc corresponding to the amount of energy transmitted by the shot stream NOTE?The height of the curved arc measured in millimetres is the arc height, measured by an Almen gauge (see Figure
33、 3). 3.4 automatic equipment shot-peening equipment in which parts, fixtures, nozzles and peening parameters are preset by hand or by locating fixtures and verified by inspection personnel NOTE?Peening time is monitored automatically and air pressure or wheel speed is set manually. 3.5 residual comp
34、ressive stresses layer in compression below the surface created by cold-working or stretching the surface beyond the elastic limit by shot-peening NOTE?The depth of compressive stresses is measured from the crown of the dimple to the depth. 3.6 coverage extent of obliteration of the original surface
35、 by dimples produced by impact from individual shot particles, expressed as a percentage NOTE?100 % coverage is defined as that leaving 2 % or less of the original surface unpeened because the estimation of coverage of the impressions is difficult when this is about 98 % of the total surface. “100 %
36、 coverage“ is a theoretical limiting value. Hence, the term “complete coverage“ is preferred. Usually, complete coverage requires increasing the base time, i.e. the time of peening to reach 98 % coverage, by 15 % to 20 %. Values of 200 % to 300 %, etc. are obtained by multiplying this run time by 2,
37、 3, etc. 3.7 depth of compressive stresses where the stress profile passes through zero stress 3.8 shot peening intensity Almen strip arc height at saturation NOTE?Arc height is not correctly termed intensity unless saturation is achieved. 3.9 liquid tracer system liquid coating material bearing a p
38、igment that fluoresces under an ultraviolet light and is removed at a rate proportional to peening coverage Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) ?3 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1Test strip A 2Test strip C 3Test
39、strip N NOTES Analysis of stock: UNS G10700 Cold-rolled spring steel Square edge number one (on 76,2 mm edge) Finish: blue temper (or bright) Uniformly hardened and tempered to 44 HRC to 50 HRC Flatness C ? 0,038 mm arc height Flatness N and A ? 0,025 mm arc height Figure 1 Almen test specimen Licen
40、sed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) 4? Dimensions in millimetres Key 1?Four M5 pan head machine screws with hexagonal nuts 2?Four holes of diameter 5,6 mm 3?Holder 4?Test strip (sectioned) Figure 2 Assembled test str
41、ip and holder Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) ?5 Dimensions in millimetres a Four hardened steel balls b Dial indicator to be graduated in values of 0,025 mm (0,025 4 mm permitted); maximum extension force 2
42、5 gf c Contact surface of all balls to be in one plane ? 0,05 mm Key 1?Guides Figure 3 Almen gauge Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) 6? 3.10 microprocessor-controlled equipment peening equipment that has nozzl
43、e-holding fixtures and is computer-controlled for processing, monitoring and documentation of the peening parameters critical to process certification 3.11 nozzle-holding fixture fixture that holds the nozzles at the required location, distance and angle in a locked position during the peening opera
44、tion 3.12 process-interrupt parameters for critical peening operations, parameters such as shot flow, air pressure, rotational speed of parts (s?1), oscillation rate and cycle time that must be monitored within process requirements 3.13 saturation minimum duration of peening necessary to achieve the
45、 desired Almen intensity which, when doubled, does not increase the Almen strip arc height by more than 10 % 3.14 saturation curve curve that plots peening time on the Almen strip (abscissa) versus Almen strip arc height (ordinate) achieved for the peening time (see Figure 4) 3.15 surface obliterati
46、on condition of a peened surface in which 100 % of the surface has been dimpled with shot impressions Figure 4 Saturation curve Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 08:49:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 12686:1999(E) ?7 4?Materials and equipment 4.1? Shot material
47、 composition 4.1.1?Cast steel shot, conforming to the requirements given in annex B. 4.1.2?Cut wire shot, made from cold-finished, round wire, conforming to annex C. 4.1.3?Ceramic shot (beads), conforming to the chemical composition given in Table 1 and in annex D. 4.1.4?Glass beads, free from lead
48、and free silica and maintained dry and free from any surface contamination or dressings. Glass beads shall have a nominal composition of 72,5 % SiO2, 9,75 % CaO, 13 % Na2O, 3,3 % MgO, 0,75 % of other minor elements and a specific gravity of 2,5 g/cm3. Table 1 Composition of ceramic shot ZrO2 % SiO2
49、% Al2O3 % Fe2O3 % Free iron % Specific gravity g/cm3 60 to 70?28 to 33?10 max?0,1 max.?0,1 max.?3,6 to 3,95 4.2? Shot form and shape 4.2.1?Cast steel Cast steel shot shall be spherical after pre-conditioning and free from sharp edges, corners and broken pieces. It shall conform to the acceptable shapes gi