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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 926-2:2005 Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 2: Requirements and test methods for classifying flight safety characteristics The European Standard EN 926-2:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.40 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:0
2、0:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 926-2:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2005 BSI 31 March 2005 ISBN 0 580 45803 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language versi
3、on of EN 926-2:2005. It supersedes DD ENV 926-2:1999 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SW/136, Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, to Subcommittee SW/136/6, Paragliding, which has the responsibility to: A list of organiz
4、ations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corres
5、pondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not o
6、f itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments
7、 and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 46, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued s
8、ince publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 926-2 March 2005 ICS 97.220.40 Supersedes ENV 926-2:1999 English version Paragliding equipment - Para
9、gliders - Part 2: Requirements and test methods for classifying flight safety characteristics Equipement pour le parapente - Parapentes - Partie 2: Exigences et procdures de test pour classification des caractristiques de scurit en vol Ausrstung fr das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gleitschirme - Teil 2: Anf
10、orderungen und Prfverfahren zur Klassifzierung der sicherheitsrelevanten Flugeigenschaften This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the sta
11、tus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A
12、version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E
13、stonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHE
14、S KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 926-2:2005: E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontro
15、lled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Requirements.6 4.1 Paraglider classes .6 4.2 Classification of flight characteristics.7 4.3 Failure .7 4.4 Flight characteristics.7 4.4.1 Inflation/take-off.7 4.4.2 Landing.8
16、 4.4.3 Speeds in straight flight9 4.4.4 Control movement.9 4.4.5 Pitch stability exiting accelerated flight10 4.4.6 Pitch stability operating controls during accelerated flight11 4.4.7 Roll stability and damping12 4.4.8 Stability in gentle spirals 12 4.4.9 Behaviour in a steeply banked turn.13 4.4.1
17、0 Symmetric front collapse13 4.4.11 Exiting deep stall (parachutal stall) .15 4.4.12 High angle of attack recovery.17 4.4.13 Recovery from a developed full stall.17 4.4.14 Asymmetric collapse.19 4.4.15 Directional control with a maintained asymmetric collapse.21 4.4.16 Trim speed spin tendency 21 4.
18、4.17 Low speed spin tendency.22 4.4.18 Recovery from a developed spin .22 4.4.19 B-line stall.23 4.4.20 Big ears.24 4.4.21 Big ears in accelerated flight26 4.4.22 Behaviour exiting a steep spiral.27 4.4.23 Alternative means of directional control.28 4.4.24 Any other flight procedure and/or configura
19、tion described in the users manual .28 5 Flight tests29 5.1 General29 5.2 Apparatus .30 5.2.1 Test pilot equipment30 5.2.2 Ground equipment.30 5.3 Test specimen30 5.3.1 Selection.30 5.3.2 Marking.30 5.3.3 Folding lines.31 5.4 Test conditions 31 5.5 Procedure .31 5.5.1 General31 5.5.2 Trimmers.32 5.5
20、.3 Other adjustable or removable devices 32 5.5.4 Video documentation 32 5.5.5 Radio documentation32 5.5.6 Harness dimensions32 5.5.7 Ballast .33 5.5.8 Sitting position.33 5.5.9 Controls in hand 33 5.5.10 Wraps33 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
21、olled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (E) 3 5.5.11 Maximum travel of the accelerator 33 5.5.12 Timing when starting test measurements 33 5.5.13 Timing when exiting stalled flight conditions 33 5.5.14 Exiting developed spin rotation.33 5.5.15 Pitch angles .33 5.5.16 Keep course.34 5.5.17 Twist34 5.5.18 C
22、ollapse on the opposite side .34 5.5.19 Details of test manoeuvres to be carried out .34 6 Test report40 7 Users manual 41 8 Manufacturing record43 9 Marking.44 Annex A (normative) Measuring suspension line lengths45 Bibliography46 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+
23、00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 926-2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, play- ground and other recreational equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of
24、a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be with- drawn at the latest by September 2005. This document supersedes ENV 926-2:1999. This document is one of a series of standards on equip
25、ment for paragliding as follows: EN 926-1, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strength. EN 926-2, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 2: Requirements and test methods for classifying flight safety characteristics. EN 1651, Paragliding equipment
26、Harnesses Safety requirements and strength tests. EN 12491, Paragliding equipment Emergency parachutes Safety requirements and test methods. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are b
27、ound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Den- mark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem- bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland an
28、d United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies requirements and test methods for classifying the flight safety characteristics of para- gliders in terms of the demands on
29、 pilot flying skills. This document is intended for the use of independent testing laboratories qualified for flight testing paragliders. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer- ences, only the edition cited a
30、pplies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 926-1, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strength EN 966, Helmets for airborne sports EN 12491, Paragliding equipment Emergency pa
31、rachutes Safety requirements and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 paraglider ultralight glider with no primary rigid structure, for which take-off and landing are on foot, with the pilot (and potentially one passen
32、ger) carried in a harness (or harnesses) connected to the wing 3.2 harness assembly composed of straps and fabric for supporting the pilot in the seated or semi-recumbent or standing position EN 1651:1999 NOTE The harness is attached to the wing via two connectors; it can also be integral with the w
33、ing via risers. 3.3 emergency parachute emergency device intended to slow the descent of a paraglider pilot in the event of an incident in flight, which is deployed by the pilot by an intentional manual action. This may be unsteered or steerable EN 12491:2001 3.4 controls primary steering and speed
34、controls which are designated as such by the manufacturer 3.5 trimmer lockable pitch adjustment system, i.e. action by the pilot is required to return it to the initial position Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (
35、E) 6 3.6 accelerator secondary pitch control mechanism operated by the feet (generally), which automatically returns to the initial position when the action of the pilot stops 3.7 action of the pilot any transfer of weight, action on the controls, the accelerator or on the trimmer 3.8 normal flight
36、flight condition in which the paraglider is fully inflated and is following a trajectory close to straight flight (at a speed close to trim speed) without any action on the part of the pilot. A small number of cells may still be col- lapsed 3.9 spontaneous recovery without any action on the part of
37、the pilot, the paraglider returns to normal flight 3.10 front collapse front collapse is considered to have occurred when the top surface is visible from the underside of the paraglider. Deformation of the leading edge is not considered to be a front collapse 3.11 cascade transition from one involun
38、tary abnormal flight condition to another involuntary abnormal flight condition 3.12 minimum speed slowest airspeed maintainable without entering a deep stall or full stall 3.13 trim speed airspeed of the paraglider in straight flight without activating the controls or the accelerator 3.14 maximum s
39、peed airspeed of the paraglider in straight flight with the controls in the zero position and the accelerator fully acti- vated. Maximum speed is only used when referring to gliders equipped with an accelerator 3.15 low speed airspeed of the paraglider in straight flight with the controls at 50 % of
40、 travel between the zero and the sym- metric stall position (i.e. 50 % of the symmetric control travel) 3.16 weight in flight total weight (mass) of the pilot and his entire paragliding equipment (including the glider) ready to fly; for the purposes of this document masses are indicated in kg, round
41、ed to the nearest integer value. The term weight may be used instead of mass 4 Requirements 4.1 Paraglider classes The class of a paraglider is determined according to 4.2. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 926-2:2005 (E) 7
42、The class is intended to give pilots a guideline whether a paraglider is suitable for their levels of skills (see Table 1). Table 1 Description of the paraglider classes Class Description of flight characteristics Description of pilot skills required A Paragliders with maximum passive safety and ext
43、remely forgiving flying characteristics. Gliders with good resistance to departures from normal flight. Designed for all pilots including pilots under all levels of training. B Paragliders with good passive safety and forgiv- ing flying characteristics. Gliders with some re- sistance to departures f
44、rom normal flight. Designed for all pilots including pilots under all levels of training. C Paragliders with moderate passive safety and with potentially dynamic reactions to turbulence and pilot errors. Recovery to normal flight may require precise pilot input. Designed for pilots familiar with rec
45、overy tech- niques, who fly “actively” and regularly, and un- derstand the implications of flying a glider with reduced passive safety. D Paragliders with demanding flying characteris- tics and potentially violent reactions to turbu- lence and pilot errors. Recovery to normal flight requires precise
46、 pilot input. Designed for pilots well practised in recovery techniques, who fly very actively, have signifi- cant experience of flying in turbulent conditions, and who accept the implications of flying such a wing. 4.2 Classification of flight characteristics When testing in accordance with the pro
47、cedures 5.5.19.1 to 5.5.19.24, various aspects of the paragliders be- haviour are measured. These measurements are classified according to 4.4.1 to 4.4.24. The class of a paraglider according to this document is determined by the highest classification obtained (i.e. by the highest level of pilot sk
48、ill required, see Table 1). 4.3 Failure The glider has failed the test procedure if either: a) as a consequence of tests 5.5.19.1 to 5.5.19.24 any failure of any part or component occurs; b) the results of any of the tests 5.5.19.1 to 5.5.19.24 are not classified A, B, C or D. NOTE In the classifica
49、tion tables in 4.4.1 to 4.4.24 the letter “F“ (failed) is used to identify unacceptable behaviour. 4.4 Flight characteristics 4.4.1 Inflation/take-off When tested in accordance with 5.5.19.1 it is found out how difficult it is to take-off with this glider (including checking for undesirable tendencies). The behaviour of the paraglider is measured according to Table 2 and classified according to Table 3. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Nov 07 09:00:19