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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 12478-1:1997 Cranes Maintenance manual Part 1: General ICS 53.020.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478-1:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineeri
2、ng Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 July 1998 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30122 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 12478-1:1997 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its prepa
3、ration was entrusted by Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks, to Subcommittee MHE/3/11, Crane safety and testing, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or propo
4、sals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement int
5、ernational or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to in
6、clude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pag
7、es i and ii, the ISO title page, page ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Lic
8、ensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478-1:1997 BSI 05-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Presentation of the manual1 4Maintenance1 5Lubrication and fluids2 6Sa
9、fety during maintenance operations2 Annex A (informative) Example of lubrication schedule4 Annex B (informative) Examples of warning/safety signs5 Annex C (informative) Bibliography5 Table 12 Table 22 Table 32 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontroll
10、ed Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 ii BSI 05-1999 Foreword ISO (the Internati
11、onal Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
12、 established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standa
13、rdization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 12478-1 was prepared by Technical C
14、ommittee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 5, Use, operation and maintenance. ISO 12478 consists of the following parts under the general title Cranes Maintenance manual: Part 1: General; Part 2: Mobile cranes; Part 3: Tower cranes; Part 4: Jib cranes; Part 5: Overhead travelling and portal bridge
15、cranes. Annex A, Annex B and Annex C of this part of ISO 12478 are for information only. Descriptors: Handling equipment, lifting equipment, cranes (hoists), maintenance, handbooks, preparation, presentation, generalities. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 200
16、6, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 BSI 05-19991 1 Scope This part of ISO 12478 establishes guidelines on the general requirements necessary for the preparation and presentation of maintenance manuals for cranes. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, th
17、rough reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 12478. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12478 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
18、 most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 31-0:1992, Quantities and units Part 0: General principles. ISO 4306-1:1990, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General. ISO 4306-2:1985, Lifting applicances Vocab
19、ulary Part 2: Mobile cranes. ISO 4306-3:1991, Cranes Vocabulary Part 3: Tower cranes. ISO 9927-1:1994, Cranes Inspections Part 1: General. 3 Presentation of the manual 3.1 General A maintenance manual shall be provided by the crane manufacturer. This manual a) should be simple to understand and have
20、 adequate explanatory notes; b) shall incorporate the use of internationally recognized symbols, if established; c) should be easy to use, compact and made of durable hardwearing material; d) shall be compiled in the language normally used by the manufacturer, unless a specific language has been agr
21、eed on between the parties to the contract. The manual is a working tool which should be both convenient and complete. The text should be simple and adapted to the individuals who will use it, with all information being explicit and comprehensive. Illustrations, diagrams, graphs and tables should be
22、 used in preference to written text to avoid the risk of misunderstanding. They should be clear and simple, and be placed adjacent to any corresponding text. The terms (see ISO 4306), definitions, units (see ISO 31) and symbols shall comply with the relevant International Standards. When the units s
23、pecified differ from those in common use, this should be noted in the manual in brackets or by means of a footnote. Only those items relative to the particular crane and its application shall be included. 3.2 Preliminary information The following information shall be given on the front or back cover
24、, or on the first pages of the manual: a) title of the manual; b) reference number of the manual (if any); c) identification (designation, type, series, model, etc.) of the crane with which the manual is intended to be used; d) serial number or numbers of crane or, where appropriate, range of serial
25、 numbers covered; e) name and full address of the crane manufacturer and/or his agent; f) table of contents and/or index; g) basic characteristics of the crane. 3.3 Number of volumes The maintenance manual, with the other manuals particular to the crane in question, (for example drivers manual, user
26、s manual, etc.) may be published in one or more volumes. The choice of the volume and grouping of the parts should be suitable for the type of product, its normal application and personnel requirements. Where appropriate, cross-reference to other volumes should be made so that the same information i
27、s not repeated unnecessarily. 4 Maintenance 4.1 General According to the level of maintenance dealt with in the manual, it may be necessary for a clear understanding of maintenance operations that such points as: description of the working principles of units working sequences of units test values t
28、o measure should be explained and that necessary schematics, charts (e.g. switching sequences) and check lists should be included. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 2 BSI 05-1999 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 4.2 Pr
29、eventive maintenance The maintenance operations and their frequency, together with an indication of the labour requirement, shall be grouped in a table, for which examples of typical column headings are shown in Table 1. The frequencies shall be established so that several operations can be performe
30、d at the same time, to facilitate maximum utilization of the crane and manpower. 4.3 Wear limit The wear limit of parts which are considered to be items which may need replacing during maintenance shall be given in a table, with examples of column headings as suggested in Table 2. 4.4 Corrective mai
31、ntenance The maintenance instructions shall be organized by sections with constituent illustrations relating to major assemblies and systems, and shall deal with the following: a) troubleshooting procedures; b) sequential disassembly and assembly, including specification of relevant torques, preload
32、s and other assembly hints; c) specification of parts and assemblies which require checking of wear, elongation and cracking, together with any discard criteria for e.g. brakes, clutches, chains, ropes, etc.; d) specification of necessary special tools and equipment; e) special requirements for the
33、lifting and handling of crane components. 4.5 Test and inspection procedures The requirements given in ISO 9927-1 shall apply. 5 Lubrication and fluids 5.1 Data concerning lubricants and fluids The following information shall be included and should normally be located in an annex: a) specification o
34、f the lubricants, fluids etc. to be used. Their designation should be made in accordance with the relevant International Standard; b) tank and circuit capacities (in litres); c) list of manufacturers recommended lubricant types and/or brands (where appropriate). An example of a typical table for lub
35、ricant specification is given in Table 3: 5.2 Lubrication schedule This schedule shall cover the crane lubrication requirements, indicating time intervals at which these are to be carried out. It shall include a diagram showing which parts require lubrication (a typical example is shown in Annex A).
36、 6 Safety during maintenance operations The following are typical examples of items which should be included for observation of safety precautions by the maintenance, inspection and lubrication personnel: a) Regarding the site (provision of a safe work place): removal of the crane to a maintenance p
37、osition area; fencing off the maintenance area; anticollision measures when several cranes are operating on the same tracks or site. b) Regarding the crane (prevention of energizing/movement): use of a clearly defined permit-to-work system (see ISO 12480); Operation and location Part name/ nomenclat
38、ure Estimated hours labour Interval 1Interval 2(Etc.) DesignationReference of part number Original sizeWear size limitReference of the control gauges Part (Mechanism)Capacity litresAmbient temperature C Recommended ISO classification Standard symbol or reference mark Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheff
39、ieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 BSI 05-19993 use of warning signs (examples are shown in Annex B); disconnection and locking of power supply switch to prevent unauthorized reconnection; discharge, release or vent of stored energy (hydrauli
40、c, pneumatic or electric) prior to maintenance; checking of functions after disconnect to confirm all energy is removed; request assistance from the manufacturer for situations or conditions not included in the manual. c) Regarding the operation being performed: use of safety ropes; use of working p
41、latforms where appropriate; observation of appropriate precautions when welding in area close to bearings and electronic circuits. d) Regarding the personnel: wear safety equipment (safety belt, helmet, eye protection, etc.); use support bracing or blocking where appropriate; specify authorized and
42、qualified workers as required for applicable tasks; appropriate handling and disposal of hazardous materials. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 4 BSI 05-1999 Annex A (informative) Example of lubrication schedu
43、le ItemPartIntervalType of lubricant AHoisting machineryOil BTrolley (crab) travelling mechanismOil CTravelling mechanism.Oil DTrolley wheel.Grease ETravelling wheel.Grease Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 12478:1997 BS
44、I 05-19995 Annex B (informative) Examples of warning/safety signs B.1 Example of safety sign with text B.2 Example of safety sign without text For example, to indicate “Shut off engine and remove key before performing maintenance or repair work”. NOTEFor further information regarding safety signs, s
45、ee ISO 13200. Annex C (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO 12480-1, Cranes Safe use Part 1: General1). 2 ISO 13200:1995, Cranes Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles. 1) To be published. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 15:24:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c
46、) BSI BS ISO 12478-1:1997 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. R
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