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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18334:2003 Pallets for materials handling Quality of assembly of new, wooden, flat pallets ICS 55.180.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18334:2003 This British Standard was published under th
2、e authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 March 2003 BSI 4 March 2003 ISBN 0 580 41345 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18334:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical
3、Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publication
4、s referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
5、 provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpret
6、ation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back c
7、over and a back cover The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STAN
8、DARD ISO 18334 First edition 2003-03-01 Reference number ISO 18334:2003(E) Pallets for materials handling Quality of assembly of new, wooden, flat pallets Palettes pour la manutention et le transport des marchandises Qualit de lassemblage des palettes plates neuves en bois BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed
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14、icensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
15、 normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
16、 in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the t
17、echnical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of pa
18、tent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 18334 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 0
19、1:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Introduction Efficient international transportation of products depends on both pallet strength and functionality, or fit, to the material handling systems. Existing International Standards address issues of strength and some issues regarding fun
20、ctionality of pallets. However, major issues related to the minimum material quality and manufacturing and repair workmanship are not addressed in current International Standards. These factors may significantly impact the efficiency of international unit load material handling practices. The purpos
21、e of this International Standard is to establish internationally recognized minimum acceptable quality levels for the assembly of new wood pallets. This will include recommended criteria for pallet component placement accuracy, fastening schedules, and fastener placement accuracy. There are four rel
22、ated International Standards: ISO 15629, ISO 18333, ISO 18334, ISO 18613. BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ANRETNIITOTS LANDNADRAISO 33813002:4)E( 1 Pallets for materials handling Quality of assembly of new,
23、wooden, flat pallets 1Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the minimum quality criteria concerning the assembly of new wooden pallets. This includes component placement accuracy, fastener schedules and fastener placement, the clinching of fasteners, and guidelines for the placement of
24、 component characteristics which limit their affect on pallet performance. This International Standard does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with pallet assembly. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, cons
25、titute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edi
26、tions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO 18333, Pallets for
27、materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets EN 844-3, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-9, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-12, Round and sawn timber Terminology Pa
28、rt 12: Additional terms and general index 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445, ISO 18333, EN 844-3, EN 844-9 and EN 844-12 apply. 4Manufacture 4.1Sound or intergrown knots Fasteners may be driven through sound knots. 4.2U
29、nsound knots and holes Fasteners should be compensated when associated with unsound knots or holes. Unsound knots or holes should not be permitted in the outer edge of end boards, nor on the exposed ends of stringers or blocks. BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27
30、 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 4.3Wane (without bark) Wane, without bark, is permitted on any component within the limits specified in ISO 18333, provided it is not located on the outer edge of lead deckboards, or on the exposed sides of stringers or blocks. Wane may appear o
31、n the surface or edge of other components. Not more than one-third () of the components in a pallet should contain wane. Any fastener associated with maximum wane should be compensated using an additional fastener and driven flush. 4.4Splits and shakes A fastener should be placed on both sides of sp
32、lits and shakes which extend the full thickness of the top and bottom end deckboards and butted bottom deckboards in perimeter-based block pallets (not applicable to nail splits). 4.5Resin pockets Resin pockets should not appear on the outside surfaces of pallet decks. 5Assembly 5.1Wooden-component
33、placement 5.1.1All lead deckboards should be within of their specified location. 5.1.2Other wooden components should be within of their specified location, except that bottom boards should not extend into the stringer notch. 5.1.3Unless otherwise specified, lead deckboards and ends of deckboards sho
34、uld be flush with the stringer. All allowable deviations under 5.1 are limited by the overall pallet-size criteria in 5.2. Maximum placement deviation should be limited to one-third of the components in any pallet. All similar components should be placed parallel unless otherwise specified. 5.2Palle
35、t-size deviation Pallet-size deviation should be limited as specified in ISO 6780. The pallets should be flat on their top and bottom surfaces to within maximum deviation from the corner-to- corner straight line. 5.3Squareness Squareness should be as specified in ISO 6780. 5.4Fastenings (mechanical
36、fasteners) 5.4.1Fastening schedules 5.4.1.1Nails and staples For nails and staples, the minimum recommended numbers of driven fasteners per pallet component are given in Table 1. 33 % ?+3 6 ? mm 6 mm 6 mm BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 200
37、6, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 5.4.1.2Bolts, wood screws and lag bolts When bolts, wood screws or lag bolts are used, at least two per corner connection and at least one at all other connections are recommended. It is recommended that bolts be retightened at the time the connected components reach
38、equilibrium moisture content (EMC) during the use of the pallet. 5.4.2Fastener placement Fasteners should be placed in such a way as to minimize splitting of the connected components. Fasteners should be no closer than from the edge of deckboards and a spacing of is recommended. The distance between
39、 the nail and the end of the deckboard should not be less than see Figure 1 a). For stringer-type pallets, the distance between the fastener and the periphery of the deckboard should be not less than five times the diameter of nail shank and the distance between fasteners should be not less than 10
40、times the diameter of the nail shank see Figure 1 b). Staple crowns should not be parallel to the grain of the deck components. A combination of the various fastener types in a single connection should be avoided if they do not interact effectively; that is, simultaneously contribute to the stiffnes
41、s and strength, or both, of the connection. For example, bolts in oversized holes and driven fasteners represent a poor combination and cannot be expected to work in unison. They should not be placed in the same connection or different connections of an assembly. 5.4.3Clinching points of driven fast
42、eners Clinched fasteners should be at least longer than the sum of the thicknesses of the components being fastened and driven in such a manner as to prevent buckling of the fastener under the crown or head. 5.4.4Fastener-caused splits Open splits with visible fastener shanks or legs should be limit
43、ed. Not more than one open split with a visible fastener shank or leg per connection should be permitted, and not more than one-third of the components per pallet should contain open splits with visible fastener shanks or legs at the completion of manufacture. 5.4.5Protruding fasteners Nail heads, s
44、taple crowns, bolt heads, nuts and screw heads should be flush or below the deck surfaces. Countersinking fastener heads and protruding fastener points should not significantly affect pallet performance. No protruding fastener points should be permitted on the exposed face of outside stringers or bl
45、ocks or in lead deckboard areas. Provided they do not significantly affect pallet performance, of protruding fasteners (rounded to the nearest whole number) on unexposed surfaces are permitted. Fastener points should not protrude when using non-clinched fasteners to attach deckboards to stringerboar
46、ds in block class pallets. Table 1 Minimum number of driven fasteners Deckboard width Minimum number a of fasteners per connection Up to 2 to 3 to 4 Corner block3 b Interior block2 a Not less than one nail or staple per of block fastening surface is recommended. b Corner blocks with less than of blo
47、ck fastening surface should be connected with at least two (2) fasteners. 130 mm 131 mm175 mm 176 mm200 mm 5 000 mm2 10 000 mm2 25 mm25 mm 25 mm 6 mm 2 % BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Dimensions in milli
48、metres a)Example of nail spacing for block-type pallets Figure 1 Fastener placement BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 b)Example of nail spacing for stringer-type pallets Key 1Deckboard 2Stringer is the nail
49、wire diameter a Recommended minimum spacing. Figure 1 Fastener placement (continued) d BS ISO 18334:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:28 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 Bibliography 1ISO 6780, Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling Principal dimensions and tolerances 2ISO 15629, Pallets for materials handling Quality of fasteners for assembly of new and repair of used, flat, wooden pallets 3ISO 1861