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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 899-1:1997 BS 2782-3: Method 324A: 1997 Plastics Determination of creep behaviour Part 1: Tensile creep The European Standard EN ISO 899-1:1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.080.01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006
2、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 899-1:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references r
3、elate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRI/21 Draft for comment 92/38857 DC ISBN 0 580 27402 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics, upon which the following bodies
4、were represented: The British Apparel and Textile Confederation British Plastics Federation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Electrical and Electronic Insulation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd
5、.) Institute of Materials Ministry of Defence Packaging and Industrial Films Association PIRA International RAPRA Technology Ltd. Royal Society of Chemistry Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
6、rolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 899-1:1997 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Apparatus2 5Test specimens2 6Procedure2 7Expression of results3 8Test report4 Annex A (informative) Physical-agein
7、g effects on the creep of polymers6 Annex B (informative) Bibliography9 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications10 Figure 1 Creep curves4 Figure 2 Creep modulus/time curves5 Figure 3 Isochronous stress-strain curves5 Figure 4 C
8、reep-to-rupture curves5 Figure A.1 Creep curves for PVC at 23 C obtained at different times te after rapid cooling of the specimen from 85 C to 23 C7 Figure A.2 Creep curves for PVC at 44 C obtained by application of the load at different times te2 after heating from 23 C (the specimen has been stor
9、ed for 200 h at 23 C prior to heating)8 Figure A.3 As for Figure A.2 but following storage for more than 1 year at 23 C prior to heating9 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 899-1:199
10、7 ii BSI 02-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PRI/21 and is the English language version of EN ISO 899-1:1996 Plastics Determination of creep behaviour Part 1: Tensile creep published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is ident
11、ical with ISO 899-1:1993 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). When EN ISO 899-1 was at the formal vote stage, the UK voted against the document as it had done with ISO 899-1. Your attention is drawn to the fact that BSI is obliged to implement this Standard and to m
12、aintain the BS 2782 series of tests this method has been dual numbered. NOTEInternational and European Standards as well as overseas standards, are available from customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. ISO 472:1988 is technically equivalent to BS 1755-1:1974 Polymer and plas
13、tics technology. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publica
14、tion referred toCorresponding British Standard ISO 527-1:1993BS EN ISO 527:1996 Plastics. Determination of tensile properties BS EN ISO 527-1 General principles ISO 527-2:1993BS EN ISO 527-2:1996 Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics Summary of pages This document comprises a front cov
15、er, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, page 2, the ISO title page, page ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
16、inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 899-1 December 1996 ICS 83.080 Descriptors: Plastics, rigid plastics, tests, creep tests, determination, creep prope
17、rties, tension English version Plastics Determination of creep behaviour Part 1: Tensile creep (ISO 899-1:1993) Plastiques Dtermination du comportement au fluage Partie 1: Fluage en traction (ISO 899-1:1993) Kunststoffe Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens Teil 1: Zeitstand-Zugversuch (ISO 899-1:1993) Th
18、is European Standard was approved by CEN on l994-12-22. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
19、 concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its
20、 own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
21、land and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO 899-1:1996 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, M
22、on Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 899-1:1996 BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Techn
23、ical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at t
24、he latest by June 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nor
25、way, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 899-1:1993 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTENormative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).
26、 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 899-1:1996 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Sta
27、ndardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the righ
28、t to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft Internat
29、ional Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 899-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastic
30、s, Sub-Committee SC 2, Mechanical properties. Together with ISO 899-2, it cancels and replaces ISO 899:1981 and ISO 6602:1985, which have been technically revised. ISO 899 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Determination of creep behaviour. Part 1: Tensile creep; Part
31、2: Flexural creep by three-point loading. Annex A and Annex B of this part of ISO 899 are for information only. Descriptors: Plastics, rigid plastics, tests, creep tests, determination, creep properties, tension. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
32、olled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 899-1:1996 BSI 02-19991 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO 899 specifies a method for determining the tensile creep of plastics in the form of standard test specimens under specified conditions such as those of pretreatment, temperature and humidity. 1.2 The method is suitable f
33、or use with rigid and semi-rigid non-reinforced, filled and fibre-reinforced plastics materials (see ISO 472 for definitions) in the form of dumb-bell-shaped test specimens moulded directly or machined from sheets or moulded articles. 1.3 The method is intended to provide data for engineering-design
34、 and research and development purposes. 1.4 Tensile creep may vary significantly with differences in specimen preparation and dimensions and in the test environment. The thermal history of the test specimen can also have profound effects on its creep behaviour (see Annex A). Consequently, when preci
35、se comparative results are required, these factors must be carefully controlled. 1.5 If tensile-creep properties are to be used for engineering-design purposes, the plastics materials should be tested over a broad range of stresses, times and environmental conditions. 2 Normative references The foll
36、owing standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 899. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 899 are encouraged to inv
37、estigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 291:1977, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 472:1988, Plastics Vocabulary. ISO 527-1
38、:1993, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles. ISO 527-2:1993, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 899, the definitions given in ISO 472 and the f
39、ollowing definitions apply. 3.1 creep the increase in strain with time when a constant force is applied 3.2 initial stress, B the tensile force per unit area of the initial cross-section within the gauge length it is given by the equation where the stress is expressed in megapascals 3.3 extension, (
40、DL)t the increase in the distance between the gauge marks, expressed in millimetres, at time t it is given by the equation (DL)t = LtL0 where 3.4 tensile-creep strain, (t the change in length per unit original length of the gauge length produced by the applied load at any given time during a creep t
41、est. It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio or as a percentage it is given by the equation or Fis the force, in newtons; Ais the initial cross-sectional area of the specimen, in square millimetres. Ltis the gauge length, in millimetres, at any given time t during the test; L0is the original gauge
42、length, in millimetres, of the specimen after application of a preload but prior to application of the test load. s F A - -= t DL()t L0 -= t DL()t L0 - - 100 %()= Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:14:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 899-1:1996 2 BSI 02-199
43、9 3.5 tensile-creep modulus, Et the ratio of initial stress to creep strain, calculated as in 7.1 3.6 isochronous stress-strain curve a Cartesian plot of stress versus creep strain, at a specific time after application of the test load 3.7 time to rupture the period of time which elapses between the
44、 point in time at which the specimen is fully loaded and the rupture point 3.8 creep-strength limit that initial stress which will just cause rupture (BB,t) or will produce a specified strain (B,t) at a specified time t, at a given temperature and relative humidity 3.9 recovery from creep the decrea
45、se in strain at any given time after completely unloading the specimen, expressed as a percentage of the strain just prior to the removal of the load 4 Apparatus 4.1 Gripping device, capable of ensuring that the direction of the load applied to the test specimen coincides as closely as possible with
46、 the longitudinal axis of the specimen. This ensures that the test specimen is subjected to simple stress and that the stresses in the loaded section of the specimen may be assumed to be uniformly distributed over cross-sections perpendicular to the direction of the applied load. NOTE 1It is recomme
47、nded that grips be used that will allow the specimen to be fixed in place, correctly aligned, prior to applying the load. Self-locking grips which allow the specimen to move as the load increases are not suitable for this test. 4.2 Loading system, capable of ensuring that the load is applied smoothl
48、y, without causing transient overloading, and that the load is maintained to within 1 % of the desired load. In creep-to-rupture tests, provision shall be made to prevent any shocks which occur at the moment of rupture being transmitted to adjacent loading systems. The loading mechanism shall allow
49、rapid, smooth and reproducible loading. 4.3 Extension-measuring device, comprising any contactless or contact device capable of measuring the extension of the specimen gauge length under load without influencing the specimen behaviour by mechanical effects (e.g. undesirable deformations, notches), other physical effects (e.g. heating of the specimen) or chemical effects. In the case of contactless (optical) measurement of the strain, the longitudinal axis of the specimen sha