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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 11416:1995 Implementation of ISO 11416:1995 Tennis rackets Racket components and physical parameters Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11416:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under
2、the direction of the Consumer Products Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1995 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SW/14 Draft for comment 93/302626 DC ISBN
3、 0 580 24879 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/14, Gymnasium and sports equipment, upon which the following bodies were represented: All England Womens Hockey Association Association of County Councils
4、British Amateur Gymnastics Association British Athletic Federation British Sports and Allied Industries Federation Central Council of Physical Recreation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department for Education English Basketball Association Home Office Institute of Trading Standards Administration
5、 Leeds Metropolitan University Office for Standards in Education (Offsted) Physical Education Association Sports Council Sports Hall and Fitness Equipment Association The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Consulti
6、ng Scientists Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11416:1995 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Nation
7、al forewordii Forewordiii Text of ISO 114161 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 11416:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 11416:1995 and implements it as the UK national sta
8、ndard. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board whose Technical Committee SW/14 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or pro
9、posals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A Briti
10、sh Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front
11、 cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: shef
12、fieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 ii BSI 11-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative reference1 3Definitions1 4Labo
13、ratory measurement methods3 5Test report3 6Indication of technical data4 Annex A (informative) Schematic examples for test methods for measuring the moments of inertia5 Annex B (informative) Conversion of grip size to inches6 Figure 1 Diagram illustrating the components of a tennis racket2 Figure 2
14、Balance point (B) of a tennis racket2 Figure 3 Prism used in the test device for measuring balance point3 Figure A.1 Moment of inertia with respect to the y-axis5 Figure A.2 Moment of inertia with respect to the z-axis5 Table 14 Table 24 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:4
15、9 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 BSI 11-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO t
16、echnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clos
17、ely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75
18、 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11416 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC83, Sports and recreational equipment, Subcommittee SC6, Rackets. Annex A and Annex B of this International Standard are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na
19、, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 BSI 11-19991 1 Scope This International Standard specifies components and physical parameters of tennis
20、rackets and it defines the terminology used. It also specifies laboratory methods for measuring some specific parameters of tennis rackets and gives guidelines for the indication of these parameters. The specification of laboratory methods will permit the comparability of published measurements. Thi
21、s International Standard does not include the influence of these parameters on the quality of the tennis racket. NOTE 1For specific requirements of tennis rackets, refer to the “Rules of the International Tennis Federation (ITF)”. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions whic
22、h, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
23、 applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 554:1976, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications. 3 Definitions The definitions of terms used shall provide a ba
24、sis for communication between manufacturers and retailers. These clarifications of terms will allow the consumers a better access to the product. For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Racket components 3.1.1 tennis racket (hereafter referred to as “rac
25、ket”) playing implement consisting of frame and strings and used with the intended purpose of striking a tennis ball and playing the game of tennis 3.1.2 racket frame (hereafter referred to as “frame”) racket without strings 3.1.3 raw frame drilled frame without all detachable parts 3.1.4 strings pa
26、rt of the racket which comes into contact with the tennis ball 3.1.5 grip part of the racket where the player holds the racket 3.1.6 grip size, s circumference of the grip 3.1.7 shaft region of the frame between grip and heart 3.1.8 heart region of the frame between shoulder and shaft NOTE 2The desi
27、gn of the heart can differ. 3.1.9 shoulder region of the frame between head and heart 3.1.10 head furthermost (distal) region from the grip which merges with the shoulder in points A and A see Figure 1 3.1.11 string protection; head protection components situated on the outer side of the frame which
28、 should prevent frame and/or string from damage when in use 3.1.12 string area area which is limited by the inner boundaries of head, shoulder and heart NOTE 3For the tournament rules of the ITF, the dimensions of this area are limited to a maximum inner length of the string area of 393,7 mm (15 1/2
29、 in); a maximum inner width of the string area of 292,1 mm (11 1/2 in). 3.2 Physical parameters 3.2.1 racket or frame length, L maximum overall length of the racket or frame see Figure 2 NOTE 4According to the rules of the ITF, the maximum length shall be 812,8 mm (32 in). 3.2.2 racket or frame mass
30、 mass of the racket or frame Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 2 BSI 11-1999 3.2.3 balance point, B the location of the centre of mass along the longitudinal axis of the racket or frame; the racket or frame balan
31、ces when supported at this point see Figure 2 3.2.4 balance length, LB distance of the balance point B from the grip end see Figure 2 3.2.5 Moments of inertia 3.2.5.1 moments of inertia with respect to z-axis or y-axis, Iz Iy moments of inertia of the racket or frame, in kilograms centimetre squared
32、, resulting from rotations about the z-axis and y-axis respectively, with the point of rotation located 100 mm from the grip end see Figure 1 3.2.5.2 moment of inertia with respect to x-axis, Ix moment of inertia of the racket or frame, in kilograms centimetre squared, resulting from rotations about
33、 the x-axis see Figure 1 Figure 1 Diagram illustrating the components of a tennis racket Figure 2 Balance point (B) of a tennis racket Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 BSI 11-19993 4 Laboratory measurement metho
34、ds 4.1 General 4.1.1 Test sample All measurements shall be made on a finished racket or frame. 4.1.2 Conditioning of the test sample and test equipment The sample and all test equipment shall be conditioned for at least 2 h at a temperature of 23 C 2 C, prior to the measurements. 4.2 Grip size 4.2.1
35、 Test devices Flexible steel tape, with a width of 6 mm and a maximum thickness of 0,2 mm, and device for measuring length with an accuracy of 0,5 mm. 4.2.2 Procedure The flexible steel tape shall be wound around the grip, between 50 mm and 60 mm from the grip end. The tape shall be marked with poin
36、ts to measure the circumference of the grip. After unwinding the tape, the distance between the marking points shall be measured. Alternatively, the tape may be graduated in millimetres and the circumference measured directly. 4.3 String area 4.3.1 Test device Millimetre-squared paper. 4.3.2 Procedu
37、re The size of the string area shall be transferred to the millimetre-squared paper. The area indicated in this way on the paper shall be determined by counting squares. NOTE 5Alternative methods may be used if an accuracy of 100 mm2 is ensured. 4.4 Length of the racket or frame 4.4.1 Test device De
38、vice for measuring length with an accuracy of 1 mm. 4.4.2 Procedure The length shall be determined by using a device according to 4.4.1. 4.5 Mass of the racket or frame 4.5.1 Test device Scale with an accuracy of 1 g. 4.5.2 Procedure The mass shall be determined by using a scale according to 4.5.1 4
39、.6 Balance point, B (see Figure 2) 4.6.1 Test device Prism according to Figure 3, and device for measuring length with an accuracy of 1 mm. 4.6.2 Procedure The location of the balance point shall be determined on a racket or frame. 4.7 Moments of inertia 4.7.1 Test device The test device shall have
40、an accuracy of better than 2 %. 4.7.2 Moments of inertia with respect to, y-axis and z-axis An example is shown in A.1. 4.7.3 Moment of inertia with respect to x-axis An example is shown in A.2. 5 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) reference to this Inte
41、rnational Standard; b) name of manufacturer/importer; c) brand name; d) model, type, year of issue; e) values of measured parameters on the racket or frame; f) any deviation from the specifications of this International Standard; g) name and signature of the person responsible for the test, and date
42、. Figure 3 Prism used in the test device for measuring balance point Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:40:49 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 11416:1995 4 BSI 11-1999 6 Indication of technical data 6.1 General If technical data are indicated, it shall be clear w
43、hether they refer to the racket or the frame. Technical data marked on the product shall be clearly visible. The expression of technical data in specifications, test reports or on the product shall comply with the following specifications. 6.2 Grip size The grip size shall be indicated in millimetre
44、s or by designation according to Table 1. The indicated values shall not deviate from the measured values by more than 1 %. Table 1 NOTE 6To convert the grip size to inches, see Annex B. 6.3 String area The string area may be indicated in square centimetres, or as the percentage x by which it exceed
45、s a reference string area of 440 cm2, or by the designation according to Table 2. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than 1 %. Table 2 NOTE 7To convert to square inches, divide the value in square centimetres by 6,45. 6.4 Length The length shall be indicated in mil
46、limetres. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than 1 mm. NOTE 8To convert to inches, divide the value in millimetres by 25,4. 6.5 Mass The mass shall be indicated in grams. The indicated value shall not deviate from the measured value by more than 1 %. If the mass i
47、s indicated by a range of values, the measured value shall lie within that range. The maximum range shall be 3 % of the mean value of the two extremes. NOTE 9To convert to ounces, divide by 28,35. 6.6 Balance length, LB The balance length (LB) shall be indicated in millimetres. The indicated value s
48、hall not deviate from the measured value by more than 1 mm. If the balance length is indicated by a range of values, the measured value shall lie within that range. The maximum range shall be 3 % of the mean value of the two extremes. See note 7. 6.7 Moments of inertia The moments of inertia (Ix, Iy
49、 and Iz) shall be indicated in kilograms centimetre squared. The indicated values shall not deviate from the measured values by more than 2 %. If the moment of inertia is indicated by a range of values, the measured values shall lie within that range. The maximum range shall be 4 % of the mean value of the two extremes. Designation Grip size, s mm 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 94 s u97 97 s u 100 100 s u 103 103 s u 106 106 s u 110 110 s u 113 113 s u 116 116 s u 119 119 s u 122 122 s u 125 Designation Percentage, x % Area, A cm2 S