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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8243:2006 Cigarettes Sampling ICS 65.160 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 8243:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31
2、October 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49340 7 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 8243:2006. It supersedes BS ISO 8243:2003 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/40, Tobacco and toba
3、cco products. A list of organizations represented on AW/40 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunit
4、y from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 8243:2006(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8243 Fourth edition 2006-09-15 Cigarettes Sampli
5、ng Cigarettes chantillonnage BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introdu
6、ction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Sampling mode: at one time 3 4.1 Procedure for sampling at the point of sale 3 4.2 Procedure for sampling at the factory 5 5 Sampling mode: over a period of time . 6 5.1 General. 6 5.2 Procedure for sampling over a period of
7、time at the factory. 6 6 Statistical evaluation and reporting 7 6.1 Statistical evaluation 7 6.2 Outliers 7 6.3 Confidence interval. 7 6.4 Applications to the verification of cigarettes yields . 7 7 Sampling report 8 Annex A (informative) Flow chart illustration of the sampling in Clauses 4 and 5 .
8、9 Annex B (informative) Sources of variability concerning the choice of sampling procedures. 10 Bibliography. 11 BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardiza
9、tion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
10、represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standard
11、s are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Interna
12、tional Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8243 was
13、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126, Tobacco and tobacco products. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 8243:2003), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
14、, (c) BSI v Introduction It is difficult to recommend a detailed method of sampling cigarettes, suitable for every purpose. The objective of sampling is clearly, to provide a representative sample, but the problem arises because the specific purpose for which tests are required affects the recommend
15、ation. Existing national standards, rules, regulations and laws were taken into account when preparing this International Standard and two different procedures both of which are simple and reliable are described: sampling at the point of sale; sampling at the producers premises or importers and dist
16、ributors warehouses. Sampling is carried out “at one point in time” (e.g. cigarettes available for distribution from a factory/warehouse or available at a retail outlet on the market on a scheduled day). When a sample is required which represents cigarettes available over an appreciable period of ti
17、me (e.g. cigarettes representing several months production) a number of sub-period samples will be taken in a series of samplings, and the results combined. Since this International Standard was originally written in 1981, its role in providing a basis of sampling cigarettes for the verification of
18、on-pack declarations of smoke constituent yields has become increasingly important. For this reason a guide to the statistical evaluation and reporting of results is included to clarify the statistical basis of the confidence intervals for nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM), nicotine and c
19、arbon monoxide (CO) that are listed in Table 3. The sources of variability arising in cigarette manufacture and in the determination of smoke constituent components are described in Annex B and in Technical Report ISO/TR 22305. It is recommended that determinations of smoke constituent yields should
20、 be made on the population manufactured for sale, sampled at manufacturers factories or importers warehouses and that because of variations in cigarette manufacture the “sampling over a period of time” mode should be used wherever possible. BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na
21、, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Cigarettes Sampling 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two methods of providing representative samples of a p
22、opulation of cigarettes manufactured for sale. Different procedures are specified (see Table 1) according to whether sampling is undertaken at the point of sale or at a factory. a) Sampling “at one point in time” provides for appraisal of the chosen properties of the cigarettes on that occasion. Sam
23、pling is carried out within as short a period as possible. b) Sampling “over a period of time” provides for on-going appraisals. It can be considered for practical purposes as a series of samples each taken “at one point in time”. Table 1 Sampling possibilities Sampling mode Sampling procedures At o
24、ne time (instantaneous) Over a period (continuous) A At point of sale Subclause 4.1 a B At a factory Subclause 4.2 Clause 5 a Procedure A over a period of time is possible but is not specified in this International Standard. This International Standard provides information on the statistical basis f
25、or the treatment of data and gives estimates, based on practical experience, of the typical confidence intervals for NFDPM, nicotine and CO yields which may be found when a product is sampled in accordance with this International Standard and smoked in accordance with the procedures specified in ISO
26、 3308, ISO 3402, ISO 4387, ISO 8454, ISO 10315, ISO 10362-1 and ISO 10362-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refer
27、enced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test results Estimation of the mean Confidence interval ISO 4387:2000, Cigarettes Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine ISO 5725-2:1994
28、, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ISO 8454:1995, Cigarettes Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke NDIR method BS ISO
29、 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 ISO 10315:2000, Cigarettes Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates Gas-chromatographic method ISO 10362-1:1999, Cigarettes Determination of water in smoke condensates Part 1
30、: Gas- chromatographic method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 factory place of manufacture or its associated distribution depots or the warehouse of an importer 3.2 sale unit quantity of cigarettes ready to be offered for sale
31、 to the public NOTE The commonly sold packet of 20 cigarettes is used as the basis of this International Standard, but cigarettes are also sold loose and in other size packets. 3.3 carton commercial package available within a factory EXAMPLE Packets of 20 cigarettes are usually put into cartons of 2
32、00 cigarettes. 3.4 place of purchase town, village or district within the area to be sampled, or that part of the area where the cigarettes are available NOTE Examples of boundaries are those of cantons, local government districts, electoral areas, postal code areas or any boundaries in accordance w
33、ith the geographical context, or others. 3.5 sampling point specific location representing different kinds of sampling points (e.g. shop, specialist tobacco shop, auto- vending machine, supermarket, place in warehouse, place in factory) from which an increment is to be taken 3.6 population aggregate
34、 of sale units to be sampled NOTE The definition includes different sub-populations, three of which are given in 3.6.1 to 3.6.4. 3.6.1 population available to consumers aggregate of sale units in retail outlets in a given area, at any time in a given time period 3.6.2 population manufactured for sal
35、e aggregate of sale units at a factory 3.6.3 stratification the division of a population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-populations (called strata), which are thought to be more homogeneous, with respect to the characteristics investigated, than the total population BS ISO 8243:2006 Lice
36、nsed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 3.6.4 stratified sampling in a population that can be divided into different mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-populations (called strata), sampling carried out in such a way that specified p
37、roportions of the sample are drawn from the different strata and each stratum is sampled with at least one sampling unit 3.7 increment sample of cigarettes taken at one time, at one sampling point 3.8 sub-increment individual groups of cigarettes making up an increment 3.9 sub-period sample incremen
38、t taken when sampling over a period of time 3.10 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing 3.11 test sample cigarettes for test taken at random from the laboratory sample and which are representative of each of the increments making up the laboratory sample 3.12 test por
39、tion group of cigarettes randomly selected from the test sample for a determination 3.13 lot definite quantity of some product, material or service, collected together and submitted for examination NOTE An inspection lot may consist of several batches or parts of batches. ISO 3534-2:1993, definition
40、 1.3.5 4 Sampling mode: at one time 4.1 Procedure for sampling at the point of sale 4.1.1 Selection of the number and choice of sampling points The number of sales units to be taken and the number of places of purchase to be randomly sampled is determined by the size of the area in which the cigaret
41、tes are sold. Select the appropriate numbers according to Table 2. BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:33:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Table 2 Sampling requirements Total number of sampling points Number of sampling points to be randomly samp
42、led Number of sales units to be taken at each sampling point for each laboratory sample 20 20 2 10 u 20 10 4 W 5 u10 5 8 4 4 10 3 3 14 2 2 20 1 1 40 If the procedure in Table 1 cannot be used, an alternative may be used with a justification in the sampling report. This may be independent of the size
43、 of the sales area, and not at random, but is satisfactory provided that a representative sample is taken. When used, a total of at least 40 sales units, when possible, shall be obtained. NOTE Table 2 is applicable to a sample of 800 cigarettes. If there is more than one testing laboratory then the
44、number of sales units is increased appropriately. It is necessary to make sure that each laboratory sample is representative of the population, e.g. if more than one carton is sampled they should be subdivided between the laboratory samples. When a sales unit does not consist of a packet of 20 cigar
45、ettes, adjust the number of sales units sampled to produce the required number of cigarettes. In case of more laboratories special attention shall be given to the fact that each laboratory has a matched sample. The sampling points from which the sales unit shall be obtained are to be distributed thr
46、oughout the place of purchase. The choice of sampling points shall, whenever possible, reflect the pattern of retail distribution of cigarettes in that sampling place to be sampled. This is usually done by defining several kinds of sampling points for each sampling scheme. Each kind of sampling poin
47、t is randomly sampled throughout the place of purchase and, in total, the increment shall make up a defined proportion of the whole sample. Sampling shall only be carried out at another kind of sampling point after two unsuccessful attempts have been made at the specified points. 4.1.2 Constitution
48、of the laboratory sample 4.1.2.1 From each sales unit take cigarettes in equal proportions for the laboratory samples (see Table 2). 4.1.2.2 If cigarettes of the same name and characteristics are required for several individual determinations, sufficient sale units shall be obtained from each sampli
49、ng point. If several laboratories are to run tests, an equal number of sale units from each sampling point shall be contained in each laboratory sample. 4.1.2.3 Each laboratory sample shall be so labelled as to link it with all the manufacturing or packaging information that is relevant to the use of the data produced from tests upon it, such as: a) name of the cigarettes and any other characteristics; b) date of sampling; c) place of purchase; BS ISO 8243:2006 Licensed Copy: s