《BS-EN-623-1-1995.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS-EN-623-1-1995.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 623-1:1995 Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests The European Standard EN 623-1:1995 has the status of a British Standard Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun,
2、 na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 623-1:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1995 BSI 0
3、7-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPI/13 Draft for comment 92/45757 DC ISBN 0 580 24518 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technic
4、al ceramics, upon which the following bodies were represented: AEA Technology Aluminium Federation British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Association Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Flat Glass Manufacturers Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Lt
5、d.) Institute of Refractories Engineers Ministry of Defence Refractories Association of Great Britain Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited University of Manchester Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+0
6、0:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 623-1:1995 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 623-1 3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 623-1:1995 i
7、i BSI 07-1999 National foreword This Part of BS EN 623 has been prepared by Technical Committee RPI/13 and is the English language version of EN 623-1:1995, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 1 : Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetr
8、ation tests, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This standard supersedes BS 7134-1.1:1989 which is withdrawn. EN 623-1 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessa
9、ry provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard ENV 1006:1993DD ENV 1006:1994 Adv
10、anced technical ceramics. Methods of testing monolithic ceramics. Guidance on the sampling and selection of test pieces Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard
11、 has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROP
12、ISCHE NORM EN 623-1 January 1995 ICS 81.060.20 Descriptors: Ceramics, quality, liquid penetrant tests, determination, defects, visual examination English version Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye pe
13、netration tests Cramiques techniques avances Cramiques monolithiques Proprits gnrales et texturales Partie 1: Dtermination de la prsence de dfauts laide dessai de ressuage Hochleistungskeramik Monolithische Keramik Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften Teil 1: Prfung auf Anwesenheit von Oberflch
14、enfehlern durch Farbstoffeindringtests This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-01-04. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-
15、date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under t
16、he responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands
17、, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 623-1:1995 E License
18、d Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 623-1:1995 BSI 07-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 184, Advanced technical ceramics, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European
19、 Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following cou
20、ntries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. EN 623 consists of four Parts. Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by
21、 dye penetration tests; Part 2: Determination of density and porosity; Part 3: Determination of grain size (ENV); Part 4: Determination of surface roughness (ENV). Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope3 2 Normative reference3 3 Apparatus3 4 Test pieces3 5 Procedure3 6 Examination4 7 Test report4 Annex A (i
22、nformative) ReferencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 623-1:1995 BSI 07-19993 1 Scope This Part of EN 623 describes qualitative methods for determination of the presence of defects in advanced monolithic
23、technical ceramics by dye penetration tests. The results are reported as visual observations of dye penetration. Three methods are described. Method A: A fuchsine dye test (see 5.1) which is suitable for white or pale coloured ceramic products, performed using an evacuation technique. Method B: A fl
24、uorescent dye test (see 5.2) which is suitable particularly for those products where the purple fuchsine has insufficient visual contrast with the ceramic, performed using a proprietary test kit. Method C: A fuchsine dye test (see 5.3) which is performed by simple immersion in or spraying with a dye
25、 solution, suitable for routine testing for major defects. NOTE 1It is important to note that these methods allow only certain types of defects to be detected. Defects which are not revealed by these methods, but which may influence properties and performance include cracks or pores not connected to
26、 the surface, inclusions, certain types of grinding damage, and residual stresses. NOTE 2Interpretation of results may become more difficult with increasing porosity of the test pieces. NOTE 3General principles of dye penetration tests may be found in EN 571-1. A test suitable for high-voltage insul
27、ators using high-pressure dye penetration is cited in IEC 672. This test is more searching for open porosity than any of the above methods. 2 Normative reference This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cite
28、d at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest editio
29、n of the publication referred to applies. ENV 1006, Advanced technical ceramics Methods of testing monolithic ceramics Guidance on the sampling and selection of test pieces. 3 Apparatus 3.1 For method A, evacuating equipment, capable of reducing the pressure to a value not greater than 2 500 Pa, hav
30、ing a means of measuring the pressure used. 3.2 Drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 C 5 C. 3.3 Open mesh container, fabricated from ceramic or other non-metallic material, and of size appropriate to the test pieces (see clause 4). 3.4 For method B, a source of ultraviolet light.
31、 3.5 For method A, an airtight vessel. 3.6 Low power microscope 3.7 Appropriate dye solutions 4 Test pieces Materials for testing should be sampled in accordance with the guidance given in ENV 1006. Test pieces should be whole items, or, where this is not possible, fragments of ceramic products in w
32、hich broken surfaces are exposed. Where required, test pieces should be conditioned to remove absorbed organic material, such as grinding coolant. This may be done by firing in an oxidizing atmosphere to 600 C 50 C, maintaining this temperature for 2 h. If this treatment leads to annealing or oxidat
33、ion of the surface of the test piece, use an alternative treatment, e.g. 2 h at 400 C 50 C in a vacuum oven. 5 Procedure 5.1 Method A: Fuchsine dye test using evacuation Place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated
34、spirits (ethanol) concentration 16 g/l contained in an airtight vessel. NOTE 1The choice of solvent for the dye may be important in tests on non-oxide materials. Normally, for oxides, industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) is adequate, but if problems of wetting arise it is necessary to experiment
35、with different solvents. Necessary precautions in handling solvents should be taken. Seal the vessel and reduce the pressure using the evacuating equipment (3.1), until the solution boils. Maintain this reduced pressure for 5 min. Allow the contents of the vessel to return to atmospheric pressure, a
36、nd remove the test pieces from the solution. Thoroughly wash the test pieces with a warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface dye. NOTE 2Mechanical brushing may be used. Rinse the test pieces in water, and dry them in air at 110 C 5 C. Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by e
37、ye or with a low power microscope, according to the size of the features expected. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 623-1:1995 4 BSI 07-1999 5.2 Method B: Fluorescent dye test Place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3
38、) and immerse the container in a solution of fluorescent penetration fluid, obtained from a dye penetration kit. NOTE 1This test is carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. After 15 min, remove the excess fluid in accordance with the instruction for the dye kit. Should the instructions speci
39、fy a developer, follow the procedure given so that all surfaces of the test pieces are evenly coated. Examine the test pieces under ultraviolet light. NOTE 2Ultraviolet lamps should be operated in accordance with the manufacturers safety instructions. 5.3 Method C: Fuchsine dye test using immersion
40、or spraying For the immersion test, place the dry test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) (concentration 16 g/l). See 5.1, note 1. Alternatively, a fuchsine dye testing kit may be used. Agitate the containe
41、r for at least 30 s and remove from the solution. For the spraying test, spray the test-pieces with fuchsine dye solution prepared as above until all surfaces are well covered. Allow to stand for at least 30 s. Thoroughly wash the test-pieces with warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface
42、 dye. NOTE 1Mechanical brushing may be used. Rinse the test pieces in water and dry them in air at 110 C 5 C. If appropriate, apply the dye testing kit developer. Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by eye or with a low power microscope according to the size of the features expected. NO
43、TE 2This procedure is not as rigorous as method A, but is generally adequate for inspection of significant cracking or porosity. 6 Examination The presence of dye colouration after any of the tests is an indication of penetration via cracks or other defects. The report shall include details of obser
44、vations as follows: a) clearly defined localized or linear penetration showing the presence of discrete surface defects or cracks; NOTE 1The presence of dye may be confirmed by breaking the test pieces to observe a cross section. NOTE 2The determination of the presence of small defects ( 50 m) is un
45、certain and depends on the techniques employed. b) general surface absorption; NOTE 3Strong surface absorption of dye, especially fuchsine dye (see 5.1) is indicative either of surface porosity in unmachined ceramics only, or of surface damage and micro-cracking in machined and unmachined ceramics,
46、or both. c) no effect. NOTE 4If no effect is observed when testing a material for the first time, a check on the ability of the solvent to wet the ceramic is recommended. The solvent should be changed and the test repeated if there is any doubt. 7 Test report The test report shall include the follow
47、ing information: a) the name of the testing establishment; b) the date of the test, unique identification of the report and each page, customer name and address, and signatory; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. “Determined in accordance with EN 623-1”; d) the description of the test mat
48、erial (material type, manufacturing code, batch number, date of receipt); e) the shape and surface condition of the test pieces, including whether or not they were broken and the presence of any glaze (see clause 4); f) any conditioning treatment (see clause 4); g) the method used (A, B or C, see cl
49、ause 5) including any changes made to the choice of solvent; h) for method A, the pressure to which the vacuum chamber was reduced, where appropriate (see 5.1); i) means used to examine the test pieces, including the degree of any magnification; j) for each test piece, one of the three conditions described in clause 6, including whether or not the test piece was broken after testing; k) comments about the test or test results. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 15:51:03