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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15227:2000 ICS 37.
2、020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Optics and optical instruments Microscopes Testing of stereomicroscopes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared un
3、der the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 June 2000 BSI 06-2000 ISBN 0 580 34962 4 BS ISO 15227:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This B
4、ritish Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15227:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee LBI/33, Microscopes, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible intern
5、ational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
6、secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic
7、 Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This documen
8、t comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
9、rolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 15227:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15227 First edition 2000-04-01 Optics and optical instruments Microscopes Testing of stereomicroscopes Optique et instruments doptique Microscopes Essai des stromicroscopes Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
10、Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) ii? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) ?iii Contents?Page Foreword.iv 1?Scope 1 2?Normative references1 3?Terms and definitions .
11、1 4?Accuracy of testing1 5?Test conditions 1 5.1?Total visual magnification (MTOT VIS).1 5.2?Difference in total visual magnification between left and right optical systems 2 5.3?Difference in axes between left and right optical systems2 5.4?Difference in the centres of the image fields between left
12、 and right optical systems2 5.5?Difference in imaging rotations between right and left images2 5.6?Axial shift of object plane by magnification change2 5.7?Lateral shift of image plane by magnification change.2 5.8?Focus difference between left and right optical systems2 5.9?Resolution for the highe
13、st magnification at the centre of the field2 5.10?Difference in exit pupil heights between left and right optical systems2 5.11?Minimum range for interpupillary distance.2 5.12?Calibration error if a dioptre scale is used2 5.13?Minimum eyepiece dioptre adjustment range.2 6?Test methods3 6.1?Apparatu
14、s .3 6.2?Apparatus configuration.4 6.3?Test procedures.4 Bibliography9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) iv? Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of natio
15、nal standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internati
16、onal organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
17、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the pos
18、sibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15227 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172,Optics and optical instruments, Subc
19、ommittee SC 5,Microscopes and endoscopes. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD?ISO 15227:2000(E) ?1 Optics and optical instruments Microscopes Testing of stereomicroscopes 1?Scope This International Standard
20、 specifies test conditions and recommended test methods to ensure the minimum requirements for stereomicroscopes. These minimum requirements are given in ISO 10936-1, ISO 11884-1 and ISO 11884-2. The test methods specified in this International Standard are recommended, but use of other test methods
21、 is permitted if the same results are obtained. 2?Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publi
22、cations do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to ap
23、plies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 10934-1,Optics and optical instruments Vocabulary for microscopy Part 1: Light microscopy. ISO/CIE 10526,CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry. 3?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Interna
24、tional Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10934-1 apply. 4?Accuracy of testing Testing shall be performed with an accuracy better than 10 % of the value to be determined. Measurements shall be carried out according to general rules of statistical evaluation. NOTE?The accuracy of measur
25、ement methods and results based on statistical evaluation is described in the ISO 5725 series. 5?Test conditions 5.1? Total visual magnification (MTOT VIS) The total visual magnification shall be measured at the highest magnification (Mmax) and the lowest magnification (Mmin) on a vertical centrelin
26、e. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) 2? 5.2? Difference in total visual magnification between left and right optical systems The difference shall be measured at magnifications Mmaxand Mminon a vertical centrel
27、ine. 5.3? Difference in axes between left and right optical systems The maximum difference shall be measured at magnifications Mmaxand Mmin, each at an interpupillary distance (IPD) of 65 mm. 5.4? Difference in the centres of the image fields between left and right optical systems The difference sha
28、ll be measured at magnifications Mmaxand Mmineach at an IPD of 65 mm. 5.5? Difference in imaging rotations between right and left images The difference shall be measured at IPDs of 55 mm and 75 mm. 5.6? Axial shift of object plane by magnification change The maximum shift shall be measured during th
29、e magnification change of the stereomicroscope between Mmaxand Mmin. 5.7? Lateral shift of image plane by magnification change The maximum shift shall be measured during the magnification change of the stereomicroscope between Mmaxand Mmin. 5.8? Focus difference between left and right optical system
30、s The difference shall be measured at magnifications Mmaxand Mminat 0 D on the dioptre scale. 5.9? Resolution for the highest magnification at the centre of the field Check the resolution chart under illumination with the standard illuminant type A according to ISO/CIE 10526 having a numerical apert
31、ure larger than that of the objective of the stereomicroscope. 5.10 Difference in exit pupil heights between left and right optical systems The distance shall be measured at 0 D on the dioptre scale and an IPD of 65 mm. 5.11 Minimum range for interpupillary distance The range shall be measured at th
32、e exit pupils of the eyepieces set at 0 D on the dioptre scale. 5.12 Calibration error if a dioptre scale is used The error shall be measured at an IPD of 65 mm. 5.13 Minimum eyepiece dioptre adjustment range The range shall be measured at an IPD of 65 mm. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
33、 Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) ?3 6?Test methods 6.1? Apparatus 6.1.1?Double telescope (see Figure 1). Two telescopes are mechanically combined with the distance and convergent angle between them either adjustable or fixed to the value specified by
34、the manufacturer, while both optical axes remain on the plane. Graticules with cross-lines, micrometer scales and goniometer scales are fitted in the intermediate planes of the telescopes. 6.1.2?Dioptric tester, placed on the top surface of the eyepiece. 6.1.3?Centring telescope, placed in place of
35、the eyepiece of the telescope, for centring the exit pupil of the stereomicroscope. Key 1?Eyepieces 2?Intermediate image planes 3?Objectives ( fOT) 4?Eyepieces ( fOC) 5?Primary image planes 6?Erecting prisms 7?Objectives 8?Object plane 9?Double telescope with magnification between 2? and 4? 10 Stere
36、omicroscope to be tested Figure 1 Apparatus configuration with a double telescope Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) 4? 6.1.4?Test object, placed in the object plane of the stereomicroscope to be tested and use
37、d in a separate or combined form of the following test objects: a)?cross-lines; b)?circular line; c)?goniometer scale; d)?resolution chart. 6.1.5?Graticules, placed either on the primary image planes of the stereomicroscope or on the image planes of the double telescope (6.1.1) and used in a separat
38、e or combined form of the following graticules: a)?cross-lines; b)?circular line; c)?micrometer scale; d)?goniometer scale. 6.2? Apparatus configuration For the cases where the double telescope (see 6.1.1 and Figure 1) is used (6.3.1 through 6.3.3, and 6.3.5), that is fixed to the stereomicroscope t
39、o conform to the specifications of the stereomicroscope, and 10? eyepieces are focused at the 0 D position. For the other cases (6.3.4, and 6.3.6 through 6.3.13), the dioptre adjustment is made according to the instructions in the user manual. 6.3? Test procedures 6.3.1?Total visual magnification (M
40、TOT VIS) a)?Place a micrometer scale as the test object at the centre of the object plane. b)?Read the image size y“ of a distance y in the object plane with the micrometer scale placed in the intermediate plane of each telescope. c)?Calculate the total visual magnification using the following equat
41、ion: M y fy TOT VIS OT ? ? ? 250 (1) wherefOTis the focal length, expressed in millimetres, of the objective of the telescope. 6.3.2?Difference in total visual magnification between left and right optical systems a)?Place a micrometer scale as the test object at the centre of the object plane. b)?Re
42、ad the size y“Rand y“Lof a distance y in the object plane with the micrometer scale placed in the intermediate plane of the right and left telescopes respectively. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 13:08:57 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15227:2000(E) ?5 c)?Calcu
43、late the difference, expressed as a percentage, between right and left total visual magnifications MTOT VIS R andMTOT VIS Lusing the following equation: ?M yy yy TOT VIS RL RL %? ? ? 200 “ “ (2) where?MTOT VISis the difference betweenMTOT VIS RandMTOT VIS L. 6.3.3?Difference in axes between left and
44、 right optical systems 6.3.3.1?Vertical and horizontal differences in axes between left and right optical systems This test should be applied only if the mechanical axes of the eyepieces are parallel to each other due to design. a)?Set the optical axes of the double telescope parallel to each other.
45、 b)?Place the cross-lines as the test object and focus them, using the focusing drive of the stereomicroscope. c)?Centre the cross-lines of the test plate to the cross-lines in the primary image plane. d)?Centre the left right telescope to the exit pupil of the left right beam path of the stereomicr
46、oscope using the centring telescope (6.1.3). e)?Adjust the horizontal (x-) and vertical (y-) directions of the double telescopes until the cross-lines in the left right telescope are centred on the image of the test plate. f)?Centre the right left telescope to the exit pupil of the right left beam p
47、ath of the stereomicroscope using the centring telescope. g)?Adjust the direction of the right left telescope until thex-line of the cross-lines in the telescope goes through the centre of the image of the test object. h)?Read the horizontal difference?x“ between they-line of the telescope graticule
48、 and the centre of the image of the test plate with the micrometer scale in the right left telescope. i)?Calculate the horizontal difference in axes?xbetween the left and right optical systems using the following equation. ?x? arctan OT ?x f (3) where?x“ is the horizontal difference measured in dive
49、rgent directions with the telescope graticule (6.1.5). j)Adjust the direction of the right left telescope until the y -line of the cross-lines in the telescope goes through the centre of the image of the test object. k) Read the vertical difference?y“ between the x -line of the telescope graticule and the centre of the image of the test object with the micrometer scale in the right left telescope. l)Calculate the vertical difference in axes?ybetween the left and right optical systems using the following equation. ?y?arctan OT ?