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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 13472-1:2002 Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ Part 1: Extended surface method ICS 17.140.30; 93.080.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 13472-1:2002
2、 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 19 July 2002 BSI 19 July 2002 ISBN 0 580 39089 6 National foreword This British Sta
3、ndard reproduces verbatim ISO 13472-1:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/1, Acoustics, to Subcommittee EH/1/2, Transport noise, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on thi
4、s subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Sea
5、rch” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
6、 obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Sum
7、mary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd
8、. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13472-1 First edition 2002-06-15 Reference number ISO 13472-1:2002(E) Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ
9、 Part 1: Extended surface method Acoustique Mesurage in situ des proprits dabsorption acoustique des revtements de chausses Partie 1: Mthode de la surface tendue Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E) ii ISO 2002
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15、2-1:2002(E) Contents Page 1Scope . 1 2Normative references . 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Summary of the method . 3 4.1General principle . 3 4.2Signal separation techniques 4 4.3Test method . 6 5Test system . 7 5.1Components of the test system . 7 5.2Sound source 7 5.3Test signal 7 6Data processing 7
16、 6.1Calibration . 7 6.2Sampling frequency . 7 6.3Recovery of the overall impulse response . 7 6.4Temporal separation of the signals 8 7Positioning of the equipment 8 7.1Maximum sampled area 8 7.2Positioning of the measuring equipment 8 7.3Reflecting objects 9 7.4Background noise 9 7.5Safety consider
17、ations 9 8Road surface and meteorological conditions 9 8.1Condition of the road surface 9 8.2Wind 9 8.3Temperature 9 9Measurement procedure 10 10Measurement uncertainty . 10 11Test report 11 Annexes ARadius of the maximum sampled area . 12 BReference measurement and correction procedure 13 CPhysical
18、 principle of the measurement . 14 DMeasurement using an MLS test signal 16 EExample of a test report 18 FSound absorption coefficient at non-normal incidence . 21 iii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E) GCorr
19、ection of small time shifts in the direct impulse response between the free-field measurement and the reflected measurement . 23 Bibliography. 26 iv Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E) Foreword ISO (the Intern
20、ational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has b
21、een established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical sta
22、ndardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
23、east 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 13472 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 13472-1 was prepar
24、ed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. ISO 13472 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ: Part 1: Extended surface method Other parts are in preparation. Annexes A and B
25、form a normative part of this part of ISO 13472. Annexes C, D, E, F and G are for information only. v Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E) Introduction This part of ISO 13472 describes a test method for measuri
26、ng, in situ, the sound absorption coefficient of road surfaces as a function of frequency under normal incidence. This method provides a means of evaluating the sound absorption characteristics of a road surface without damaging the surface. It is intended to be used during road construction, road m
27、aintenance and other traffic noise studies. It may also be used to qualify the absorption characteristics of road surfaces used for vehicle and tyre testing. However, the standard uncertainty is limited to 0,05. This method in this part of ISO 13472 is based on free-field propagation of the test sig
28、nal from the source to the road surface and back to the receiver, and covers an area of approximately and a frequency range, in one-third- octave bands, from to . To complement this method, a spot method (will be part 2) is under development. This method is based on the transmission of the test sign
29、al from the source to the road surface and back to the receiver inside a tube and covers an area of approximately and a frequency range, in one-third-octave bands, from to . Both methods should give the same results in the frequency range from to . They are both applicable also to acoustic materials
30、 other than road surfaces. The measurement results of this method are comparable with the results of impedance tube methods, performed on bore cores taken from the surface (e.g. ISO 10534-1 and ISO 10534-2). The measurement results of this method are in general not comparable with the results of the
31、 reverberation room method (ISO 354), because the method described in this part of ISO 13472 uses a directional sound field, while the reverberation room method assumes a diffuse sound field. 3 m2 250 Hz4 kHz 0,1 m2315 Hz2 kHz 315 Hz2 kHz vi Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:
32、27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 13472-1:2002(E) Acoustics Measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ Part 1: Extended surface method 1Scope This part of ISO 13472 describes a test method for measuring in situ the sound absorption co
33、efficient of road surfaces as a function of frequency in the range from to . Normal incidence is assumed. However, the test method can be applied at oblique incidence although with some limitations (see annex F). The test method is intended for the following applications: determination of the sound
34、absorption properties of test tracks according to ISO 10844, with limitations, and other similar standards; determination of the sound absorption properties of road surfaces in actual use; comparison of sound absorption design specifications of road surfaces with actual performance data of the surfa
35、ce after completion of the construction work. The complex reflection factor can also be determined by this method. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 13472. For dated references,
36、subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 13472 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the
37、 latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 10534-1, Acoustics Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes Part 1: Method using standing wave ratio ISO 1053
38、4-2, Acoustics Determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes Part 2: Transfer-function method IEC 60651, Electroacoustics Sound level meters IEC 61260, Electroacoustics Octave and fractional-octave-band filters GUM:1993, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in meas
39、urement. BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 13472, the following terms and definitions apply. 250 Hz4 kHz 1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E)
40、 3.1 angle of incidence angle between the normal to the surface under test and the direction of the sound wave impinging on the test surface 3.2 sound power reflection factor fraction of the impinging sound power which is reflected from the surface material of the road (see 3.4) 3.3 sound absorption
41、 coefficient ratio of the sound power entering the surface of the test object (without return) to the incident sound power: 3.4 sound pressure reflection factor complex ratio of the pressure amplitude of the reflected wave to the pressure amplitude of the incident wave at the surface of the road NOT
42、EThis quantity is necessary in order to understand the correction procedure described in annex B. The sound power reflection factor is equal to the squared modulus of the sound pressure reflection factor: . 3.5 geometrical spreading factor attenuation of the magnitude of a sound pressure wave travel
43、ling from one point to another due to the spherical spreading 3.6 plane of reference for the road surface hypothetical plane tangential to the majority of the elements of the surface under test 3.7 maximum sampled area surface area, contained within the plane of reflection, which must remain free of
44、 reflecting objects causing parasitic reflections (see annex A) 3.8 background noise noise coming from sources other than the test signal 3.9 signal-to-noise ratio difference, in decibels, between the level of the nominal useful signal and the level of the background noise at the moment of detection
45、 of the useful event 3.10 impulse response time signal at the output of a system when a Dirac function is applied to the input NOTEThe Dirac function, also called function, is the mathematical idealization of a signal infinitely short in time which carries a unit amount of energy. 3.11 transfer func
46、tion Fourier transform of the impulse response QW =1 QW Qp QW(f) = |Qp(f)|2 S/N 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 13472-1:2002(E) 4Summary of the method 4.1General principle A sound source driven by a signal generator is
47、positioned above the surface to be tested and a microphone is located between the source and the surface. The measurement method is based on the assessment of the transfer function between the output of the signal generator and the output of the microphone. This transfer function is composed of two
48、factors, one coming from the direct path (from the signal generator through the amplifier and loudspeaker to the microphone) and a second coming from the reflected path (from the signal generator through the amplifier, loudspeaker and surface under test to the microphone) (see Figure 1). The overall
49、 impulse response containing the direct and reflected sound is measured in the time domain. This overall impulse response consists of the impulse response of the direct path and, after some delay due to the longer travelling distance, the impulse response of the reflected path. With suitable time domain processing (e.g. signal subtraction and temporal separation, see 4.2), these responses can be separated. After a Fourier transform, the tran