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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8254-3:2004 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method ICS 85.060 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 8254-3:2004 This British Standard was
2、 published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 November 2004 BSI 25 November 2004 ISBN 0 580 44876 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 8254-3:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation
3、 was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publicati
4、ons referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessa
5、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpr
6、etation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cove
7、r. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 8254-3:2004(E)
8、 OSI 4002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8254-3 First edition 2004-11-01 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method Papier et carton Mesurage du brillant spculaire Partie 3: Brillant 20 avec un faisceau convergent, mthode TAPPI BS ISO 82543:2004 L
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14、hi n Switlrez dna ii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevr BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-4528 O3:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a w
15、orldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
16、on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafte
17、d in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stand
18、ard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8254-3 was prepared b
19、y Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. ISO 8254 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss: Part 1: 75 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method Part 2: 75 gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method Part 3: 20 gloss with a con
20、verging beam, TAPPI method BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-4528 O3:(4002E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr Introduction This part of ISO 8254 deals with the assessment of the specular gloss of paper and
21、board at an angle of 20, using a converging beam geometry commonly known as the TAPPI method and described in TAPPI T653 (1 in the Bibliography). ISO 8254-1 and ISO 8254-2 deal with the measurement of specular gloss at 75. Although the word “measurement” is used, it should be noted that this is stri
22、ctly speaking only an “assessment”, because the definition of gloss (see 3.1) relates to a scale of visual perception whereas the method described uses a physical measurement of mixed regular and diffuse reflection. The exact correlation between the visual perception and the scale established by the
23、 physical measurement is not known. However, this physical gloss scale has proved to be useful for a number of technical applications and consequently its standardization is justified. BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy
24、, (c) BSI INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-4528 O3:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1 Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 3: 20 gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method 1 Scope This part of ISO 8254 specifies a method for measuring the specular gloss of paper and board at an angle of
25、20 to the normal to the paper surface. It is applicable chiefly to highly glossy surfaces, such as cast-coated, lacquered, highly varnished or waxed papers and high-gloss ink films. NOTE This part of ISO 8254 has been developed from TAPPI T6531, from ISO 28132 and from ISO 8254-1. 2 Normative refere
26、nces The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determi
27、ne average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gloss mode of appearan
28、ce by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due to the directionally selective properties of that surface CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.733 3.2 regular reflection specular reflection reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical
29、 optics, without diffusion CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.453 3.3 diffuse reflection diffusion by reflection in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no regular reflection CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.473 BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
30、dun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-4528 O3:(4002E) 2 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3.4 specular gloss measured variable equal to 100 times the ratio of the luminous flux reflected by the test-piece surface into a specified aperture at the specified angle of sp
31、ecular reflection to that reflected by a standard specularly reflecting surface under the same conditions 4 Principle Light incident on the test-piece surface at an angle of 20 to the normal and reflected from the surface at an angle of 20 to the normal into a defined aperture is detected by a photo
32、detector, the output of which is displayed on a meter. The gloss scale is established by reference to the reflection from a standard black glass of known refractive index. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Gloss meter It has the general arrangement and relative dimensions of the principal parts described in Annex A.
33、It consists of a) a source of light, b) a lens giving a converging beam of light incident on the test piece, c) a suitable device, such as a suction plate to hold the test piece flat, if required, and d) a photodetector to receive and measure certain of the rays reflected by the test piece. These co
34、mponents are combined in a light-tight housing that is matte black inside and is structurally and optically stable at the operating temperature. 5.2 Gloss standards 5.2.1 Primary gloss standard: a flat, clean and polished surface, having a refractive index of 1,540 at 587,6 nm (the helium D-line). T
35、his may be shown by the Fresnel equations to measure 100 gloss units on a scale related to the theoretical primary gloss standard. The theoretical primary specular gloss standard is an ideal, completely reflecting plane mirror having an assigned gloss value of 2 199 (see 4 in the Bibliography). 5.2.
36、2 High gloss reference standard: a clean plaque of polished black glass for which the 20 specular reflectance has been computed from its refractive index measured at a wavelength of 587,6 nm. If the refractive index differs from 1,540, the gloss value shall be calculated as follows; 100*GK= (1) wher
37、e () () () () () () () () () 22 0,50,5 22222 0,50,5 22222 2 0,50,5 22222 0,50,5 22222 cossinsincos cossinsincos , 1,540 cos1,540sin1,540sincos 1,540 cos1,540sin1,540sincos nnn nnn K n + + = + + 2 (2) BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Un
38、controlled Copy, (c) BSI IS-4528 O3:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3 where n is the refractive index of the glass; is the angle of incidence. When = 20, the equation reduces to () () () () + + 22 0,50,5 222 0,50,5 222 0,939 7 0,1170,1170,939 7 20= 10,994 0,939 7 0,1170,1170,939 7 nnn K n nnn
39、( ,) (3) NOTE If the refractive index is known, the gloss value may be calculated by adding or subtracting from 100,0 a value of 0,29 for each 0,001 departure of the refractive index from the standard value of 1,540. For example, for a glass of refractive index n = 1,523, the assigned gloss value G
40、would be ()0,29 1,540 =100 0,001 = 290346,60 = 95,1 n G n (4) This method is, however, valid only for refractive index values between 1,50 and 1,54. It is not applicable to quartz standards for which n is about 1,46. 5.2.3 Intermediate gloss standards, having a reflected flux distribution comparable
41、 with that of the paper to be tested. Such standards may consist of ceramic tiles which are sufficiently flat to remain stationary without rocking when placed in the measurement position and are uniform in gloss over a central region larger in area than the illuminated area defined by Equations (A.3
42、) and (A.4). Each of these tiles shall be calibrated against the high gloss reference standard by a technically competent laboratory in an instrument conforming to 5.1. 5.2.4 Working standards, having reflected flux distributions corresponding to different gloss levels, calibrated in the instrument
43、concerned against a range of intermediate gloss standards. Store standards in a closed container when not in use. Keep them away from any dirt which may scratch or mar their surfaces. Never place standards face down on a surface which may be dirty or abrasive. Always hold standards by their side edg
44、es to avoid transferring oil from the skin to the standard surface. Clean standards in warm water and mild detergent solution, brushing gently with a soft nylon brush. (Do not use soap solutions to clean standards.) Rinse in hot running water (temperature near 65 C) to remove detergent solution, fol
45、lowed by a final rinse in distilled water. Do not wipe intermediate gloss standards (5.2.3). The high gloss reference standard (5.2.2) may be dabbed gently with a lint-free paper towel or other lint-free absorbent material. Place rinsed standards in a warm oven to dry. NOTE The refractive index of t
46、he surface, and consequently the gloss value of the high gloss reference standard (5.2.2), may change slowly over a period of a few years. This may be accompanied by a loss of uniformity. It is recommended that this standard be sent to a technically competent laboratory at least once every two years
47、 for a check on its calibration and for possible repolishing to restore its uniformity (see 5 in the Bibliography). 5.3 Zero-gloss standard, consisting of a black velvet-lined cavity or any other suitable type of black cavity. NOTE A variety of suitable cavities are available, including those coated
48、 with a matte black paint or having an interior black pyramidal construction. BS ISO 82543:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 08:27:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-4528 O3:(4002E) 4 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 6 Sampling Sampling is not included in this part of ISO 8254. If the mean quality of a lot is to be determined, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test pieces are representative of the sample received. 7 Preparat