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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 17616:2008 Soil quality Guidance on the choice and evaluation of bioassays for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials ICS 13.080.05 ? Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5
2、910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS BS ISO 17616:2008 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 54123 0 National forewo
3、rd This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 17616:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport t
4、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by I
5、HS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Reference number ISO 17616:2008(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17616 First edition 2008-03-15 Soil quality Guidance on t
6、he choice and evaluation of bioassays for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials Qualit du sol Lignes directrices pour lvaluation des essais appliqus dans le domaine de la caractrisation cotoxicologique des sols et des matriaux du sol BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standa
7、rds Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT -,-,- ii Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 0
8、8/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT -,-,- iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 3.1 Assessment. 2 3.2 Types of soil and other soil materials 3 3.3 Terms relating to soil characteristics. 3 3.4 Land and sites. 4 4 Principles and use of test b
9、atteries 4 5 Testing strategy and interpretation of test results according to the use and re-use of soils, soil materials and soil functions. 5 5.1 Monitoring and control of the success of soil treatments . 5 5.2 Assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials with respect to their
10、intended use 5 Annex A (informative) Tests with soil eluate Expression of results 10 Bibliography. 11 BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT -,-,- iv Fo
11、reword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tec
12、hnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o
13、f electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
14、to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible fo
15、r identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17616 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment. BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/59
16、10770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS v Introduction The characterization of contaminated soils may be based on strategies considering chemical analysis and/or bioassays. ISO 15799 provides guidance on the selection of exper
17、imental methods for the assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials (e.g. excavated and remediated soils, refills, embankments) with respect to their intended use, and possible adverse effects on aquatic and soil dwelling organisms. An assessment strategy giving instructions for
18、 the choice and evaluation of bioassays, and for the evaluation of the test results including empirically derived critical dilution levels that take into account the sensitivity of the test system and the intended use/re-use of the site under investigation, is proposed. This approach is based on the
19、 results of a research program and intends to contribute to an effective and comparable risk assessment within the ecotoxicological characterization of contaminated soil. The test systems included in this approach are not mandatory and may be replaced or accomplished by other test methods. Neverthel
20、ess, the test systems selected have proved to characterize contaminated soils appropriately with respect to their ecotoxic properties towards aquatic and terrestrial organisms maintaining the essential soil functions. BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under li
21、cense with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS blank Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/591077
22、0001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 1 Soil quality Guidance on the choice and evaluation of bioassays for ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials 1 Scope This International Standard is one of a series pro
23、viding guidance on the characterization of soils and soil materials in relation to their retention and habitat function and uses. It should be read in conjunction with the other standards in this series. It provides guidance on the choice and evaluation of tests applied for ecotoxicological characte
24、rization of soils and soil materials. Recommendations for test strategies with respect to the protection of ground and surface waters and the maintenance of the habitat function of soil are included. The tests recommended represent a minimum test battery that may be accomplished by additional tests,
25、 or even be replaced by others, according to the intended uses or protection goals envisaged. The effect values indicated in this International Standard do not refer to regulation, but represent the lowest level at which a response is supposed to result in an adverse effect. 2 Normative references T
26、he following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6341, Water quality Determination of the inhib
27、ition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) Acute toxicity test ISO 8692, Water quality Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with unicellular green algae ISO 11074:2005, Soil quality Vocabulary ISO 11267, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia can
28、dida) by soil pollutants ISO 11268-1, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity using artificial soil substrate ISO 11268-2, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduct
29、ion ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Effects of chemicals on the emergence and growth of higher plants ISO 11348 (all parts), Water quality Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light emission of Vibrio fischeri (Lumi
30、nescent bacteria test) ISO 13829, Water quality Determination of the genotoxicity of water and waste water using the umu-test ISO 15176:2002, Soil quality Characterization of excavated soil and other soil materials intended for re-use ISO 15685, Soil quality Determination of potential nitrification
31、and inhibition of nitrification Rapid test by ammonium oxidation BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT -,-,- 2 ISO 15799:2003, Soil quality Guidance on
32、 the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials ISO 15952, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on juvenile land snails (Helicidae) Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination ISO 16240, Water quality Determination of the genotoxicity of water and waste water Salmon
33、ella/microsome test (Ames test) ISO 16387, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and survival ISO 17155:1), Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves ISO 17402:1), Soil qua
34、lity Guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability in soil and soil materials ISO 20079, Water quality Determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste water on duckweed (Lemna minor) Duckweed growth inhibition test ISO 20665:1), Water q
35、uality Determination of chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia ISO 20666:1), Water quality Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h ISO 20963, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on insect larvae (Oxythyrea funesta) Determination of acute toxicity ISO 22030, Soil quali
36、ty Biological methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Assessment 3.1.1 soil-related assessment assessment of the ecotoxic potential of soils, soil substrates and soil materials based on chemic
37、al analysis, biological tests and field inventories (monitoring) such as that mentioned in the TRIAD approach 9 NOTE TRIAD means an assessment approach based on a combination of chemical (i.e. residue analysis), ecotoxicological (i.e. laboratory tests) and ecological (i.e. monitoring) data. 3.1.2 ri
38、sk expression of the probability that an adverse effect on soil functions will occur under defined conditions and the magnitude of the consequences of the effect occurring 1) To be published. BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrol
39、led Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 3 3.1.3 LID-value lowest-ineffective-dilution value lowest value of the dilution factor (LID) for which the test gives an ecotoxicological relevant reductio
40、n (e.g. 20 % inhibition of luminescence) EXAMPLE A LID 8 corresponds to a dilution of soil extract of 1:8. NOTE 1 The exact definitions are given in the standard of the respective bioassay. According to ISO 13829 for the umu-test, it is the “DLi value”. According to ISO 16240, it is the “decisive Dm
41、in value”. NOTE 2 For further information, see Annex A. 3.2 Types of soil and other soil materials 3.2.1 soil upper layer of the Earths crust composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and organisms ISO 11074:2005 3.2.2 soil material material coming from soil and displaced and/or modi
42、fied by human activity, including excavated soil, dredged materials, manufactured soils, and treated soils and fill materials ISO 17402:1) 3.2.3 topsoil upper part of a natural soil which is generally dark coloured and has a higher organic matter and nutrient content when compared to the subsoil bel
43、ow 3.3 Terms relating to soil characteristics 3.3.1 habitat function ability of soils/soil materials to serve as a habitat for microorganisms, plants, soil-living animals and their interactions (biocenoses) ISO 15799:2003 3.3.2 retention function ability of soils/soil materials to adsorb pollutants
44、in such a way that they cannot be mobilized via the water pathway and translocated into the food chain ISO 15799:2003 3.3.3 contaminant substance or agent present in the soil as a result of human activity cf. pollutant (3.3.4) NOTE There is no assumption in this definition that harm results from the
45、 presence of the contaminant. ISO 15176:2002 BS ISO 17616:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:20:26 MDT No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 4 3
46、.3.4 pollutant substances, which due to their properties, amount or concentration cause impacts on the soil function or soil use cf. contaminant (3.3.3) NOTE Adapted from ISO 15176:2002. Also see the introduction to ISO 11074:2005. 3.4 Land and sites 3.4.1 re-use useful and harmless utilization of s
47、oil materials ISO 15176:2002 4 Principles and use of test batteries Sensitivity of animal and plant communities to toxicants may vary significantly from one species to another. Thereby, it is therefore admitted that the results of several ecotoxicity tests can only give a clear view of toxic effects
48、 of soil or water samples. This combination of ecotoxicity tests, defined as a battery, shall include organisms belonging to various trophic levels, several endpoints (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity) as well as varied functional activities, in order to take into account the variability of species sensitivity within the studied compartment. The ecotoxicity tests included in batteries should at least have the following characteristics: sensitivity; practicability; standardized protocols; high cost efficiency. These t