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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18935:2005 Incorporating corrigendum November 2007 Imaging materials Colour images on paper prints Determination of indoor water resistance of printed colour images ICS 37.100.99 ? Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled C
2、opy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS ISO 18935:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 BSI 2008 ISBN 97
3、8 0 580 61355 5 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18935:2005, incorporating corrigendum November 2007. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by ISO corrigendum November 2007 is indicated
4、in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contrac
5、t. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments 31 March 2008Implementation of ISO corrigendum November 2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Pro
6、vided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Reference number ISO 18935:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18935 First edition 2005-08-15 Imaging mat
7、erials Colour images on paper prints Determination of indoor water resistance of printed colour images Matriaux pour limage Images en couleurs sur impressions en papier Dtermination de la rsistance interne de la couleur leau BS ISO 18935:2005 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS u
8、nder license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ii Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing
9、Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
10、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
11、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical c
12、ommittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to th
13、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18935 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This International Standard is one of a series of Inter
14、national Standards dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging materials. To facilitate identification of these International Standards, they are assigned a number within the block from 18900 to 18999 (see Annex A). BS ISO 18935:2005 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided
15、 by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv Introduction Water resistance is not an important consideration in the normal storage of colour prints. Ho
16、wever, in a disaster situation such as floods, earthquakes, or water main breaks, this property can be of critical importance if the print is to be salvaged. A wide variety of materials are used for digital colour prints and the colorants used in some digital prints are water soluble. The degree of
17、their water resistance varies depending upon the dyes used and if the print has a water-resistant overcoat. In addition, the paper used may be of equal importance. The same dyes may exhibit very good water resistance on one paper but can be completely washed off from a different paper. Even print sy
18、stems that use water-insoluble colorants may be damaged by water exposure if the paper is not also water resistant. This International Standard provides a standardized method to evaluate the qualitative water resistance of colour prints. BS ISO 18935:2005 Copyright British Standards Institution Prov
19、ided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 1 Imaging materials Colour images on paper prints Determination of indoor water resistance of printed col
20、our images 1 Scope This International Standard specifies tests to determine the relative indoor water resistance of printed colour images. This International Standard is applicable to both digital and analogue prints. 2 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the follow
21、ing terms and definitions apply. 2.1 ambient conditions environmental conditions of (23 1) C and (50 5) % RH 3 Categories of water resistance 3.1 General The water resistance of a print is categorized into one of three categories, i.e. water resistant, moderately water resistant and not water resist
22、ant as defined in 3.2 to 3.4. 3.2 Water resistant Water-resistant print is print that is not noticeably affected by exposure to liquid water and moisture. NOTE No significant degradation of the colorant (bleeding, smearing, hue change), of the support (curl, cockle, delamination), or of the image su
23、rface (gloss changes, water rings, etc.) is found. 3.3 Moderately water resistant Moderately water-resistant print is print that exhibits some change or damage by water but is still considered usable for its intended application. NOTE The damage can manifest itself as slight media curl, partial dela
24、mination along an edge, or ring-like watermarks due to gloss changes or a minor amount of colorant migration. This damage can be mitigated by the rapid removal of the water (careful blotting, shaking off the water, etc.). 3.4 Not water resistant Not water-resistant print is print that is easily dama
25、ged by contact with water, even when incidental (e.g. a water mist) and is considered unsuitable for applications involving contact with water. NOTE Such damage can manifest itself as appreciable curl, delamination of the image layer, colorant bleed into non-imaged areas or from colour to colour, or
26、 image degradation (hue and gloss changes, surface marks, etc.). It is strongly advisable to users of these materials to prevent water contact. BS ISO 18935:2005 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for R
27、esale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 4 Water resistance estimating procedures 4.1 General considerations Water resistance is the ability of a print to resist water damage which may manifest itself in a number of ways, such as migratio
28、n of colorants; changes in the size and/or optical density of image elements; degradation of the image layer, as well as cockle, curl or loss of gloss. The water resistance of prints made by current methods varies considerably. For example, some ink-jet prints sustain no observable damage when the s
29、urface is rubbed immediately after water has been poured over the image. While others, that do not show any water damage after soaking for hours, lose a portion of their image layer if it is wiped off before drying. Extensive tests have shown that full characterization of water resistance requires s
30、everal different methods. Many attempts were made to quantify the test data generated by these methods in inter-laboratory comparison, but none were successful. (It is likely that within a given laboratory, the tests described in this International Standard are sufficiently reproducible to yield sta
31、tistically reliable data. However, this is not enough to adopt fixed evaluation criteria.) For this reason, qualitative analysis of the test results is prescribed. This entails grouping of the results obtained from different print materials into water-resistant (no change) or not water-resistant cat
32、egories. An intermediate level of moderate water resistance is also recognized, although its boundaries cannot be determine exactly. This International Standard requires the use of de-ionized or distilled water for all of the tests. The pH of this water is not controlled (unless it is certified, whi
33、ch will be at pH 7) but pH will have little effect on the tests. This is because any water-soluble components in the media coating will dissolve into the water and rapidly change the pH. The final value of this will depend on the media used. 4.2 Control sample The evaluation of test results based on
34、 qualitative criteria for water resistance (as defined in Clause 3) requires that untreated control specimens be used for comparison with water-treated specimens. 5 Test methods 5.1 General Three methods are given for water resistance. Method 1 models the effect of water spilt on an image and left t
35、o dry. Method 2 tests the physical integrity of the colorant receptive layer. This may be an important feature, as it is possible to have images that may resist smearing and other defects when in contact with water, but will be destroyed if touched before fully drying. Method 3 indicates how images
36、will behave under catastrophic conditions (e.g. flood damage). Clause 6 shows some example test patterns that were generated using a simple drawing program on a PC computer. The test methods discussed in 5.2 to 5.4 all involve the cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue and black colours. For black,
37、 the processed black generated by the printer with the user specified driver settings (see Clause 6 for more information and warnings) shall be used. As an option, the user may also use black generated in a different manner (e.g. 3- or 4-colour composite, pure black, etc.) if the option is available
38、 to the user. Some printer systems utilize more than cyan, magenta and yellow primary colours (e.g. hexachrome systems that also use orange or green colorants). In such a case, the user of this International Standard may include these extra colours in the tests. All print specimens shall be allowed
39、to dry at ambient conditions for 24 h prior to proceeding with the test. 5.2 Method 1 Standing water evaporation The test target consists of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, red, green and blue colour blocks of convenient size (2 cm2) with a chequered board fill pattern (1,5 mm2) printed at the maximum
40、 density for that colour allowable by the printing system. Another set of chequered board squares is also printed at 0,5 0,1 density above dmin. A 0,1 ml drop of water is then placed onto the centre of each colour patch and allowed to dry for at least 24 h at ambient conditions. BS ISO 18935:2005 Co
41、pyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:22:58 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 3 5.3 Method 2 Standing water plus wiping effects The test targ
42、et and initial procedure is the same as Method 1, except that the 0,1 ml water drop is applied only to the maximum density patches. After allowing this drop to stand for 1 min, the water is wiped up. This is accomplished by placing a 2 cm2 piece of laboratory tissue e.g. Kimwipe1) backed by a semi-r
43、igid support (e.g. cardboard) of the same size on top of the test target (over the water drop). A 50 g weight is applied to the laboratory tissue and the tissue is pulled once across the sample at an approximate rate of 5 cm/s. 5.4 Method 3 Water soak The test target consists of cyan, magenta, yello
44、w, black, red, green and blue colour blocks (2,5 cm 2 cm, h w) printed at approximately 0,5 density above dmin with 7 lines (approximately 1 mm width) separated by 2 mm, drawn through the colour blocks. Each line is a different colour (CYMKRGB) printed at the full density allowable by the printing s
45、ystem for that media (see Clause 6). Another set of the chequered board test patterns used in 5.2 is also printed. Then they are immersed into de-ionized or distilled water at ambient temperature for 1 h; it may be necessary to use weights to hold the test specimen under the water), removed and hung
46、 vertically to dry (about 0,5 h to 1 h). Separate containers shall be used for each test specimen to avoid cross-contamination. 6 Test pattern preparation 6.1 General considerations The example test pattern shown in 5.1 can be produced in any of the available image programs in this case, Adobe Photo
47、shop 2) was used. The high-density areas were generated by assigning them the maximum RGB colour values. The lower density areas are targeted to be approximately 0,5 OD above dmin. The RGB values used are determined by trial and error and will likely be different for each printer system investigated
48、. The print should be made by using the manufacturers recommended driver settings for the colorant and media being investigated. Strong caution should be observed when using driver settings that are not recommended or unknown (i.e. the media and/or colorant being used has no recommended values by the printers manufacturer). In these cases, the amount of colorant delivered to the media may be too little or too much