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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 536:1997 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 BS ISO 536:1995 renumbered Paper and board Determination of grammage The European Standard EN ISO 536:1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 85.060 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006,
2、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 536:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1997 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references
3、relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAI/11 Draft for comment 92/48312 DC ISBN 0 580 25355 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulp, upon whic
4、h the following bodies were represented: British Apparel and Textile Confederation British Carton Association British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Printing Industry Federation Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Stationers Association Her Majestys Stationery Office Institute of Paper Conse
5、rvation Ministry of Defence Paper Federation of Great Britain Pira International University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 9309February 1997 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, M
6、on Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 536:1997 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definition3 4Principle3 5Apparatus3 6Sampling3 7Conditioning3 8Procedure3 9Expression of
7、results4 10Test report4 Annex A (normative) Determination of grammage on “oven-dry” and “as-taken” bases5 Annex B (informative) Limited area of sample5 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN
8、 ISO 536:1997 ii BSI 07-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PAI/11 and is the English language version of EN ISO 536:1996 Paper and board Determination of grammage, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS EN IS
9、O 536:1997 which is withdrawn. EN ISO 536:1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. EN ISO 536:1996 has been approved by CEN member bodies under the weighted voting procedures introduced in 1988 to coincide with the introduction of “N
10、ew Approach” Directives from the Commission of the European Community. NOTEIt should be noted that the European ratified text made changes to the Normative references clause of the ISO. For the purposes of this British Standard these changes have not been included, but the equivalent ENs are listed
11、below. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication refer
12、red toCorresponding British Standard ISO 186:1994 pr EN ISO 1861) BS 3430:1995 Method for sampling to determine the average quality of paper and board ISO 187:1990 EN 20187:1993 BS EN 20187:1993 Paper, board and pulps. Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the
13、 atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 287:1985 EN 20287:1994 BS EN 20287:1994 Paper and board. Determination of moisture content. Open-drying method Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside bac
14、k cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
15、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 536 June 1996 ICS 85.060 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Paper and board Determination of grammage (ISO 536:1995) Papier et carton Dtermination du grammage (ISO 536:1995) papier und Pappe bestimmung der Flchenbezogenen Masse (ISO
16、 536:1995) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-05-25. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic
17、al references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN m
18、ember into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, S
19、weden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO 536:1996 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
20、eldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 536:1996 BSI 07-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulp, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as a Europ
21、ean Standard by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 172, Pulp, paper and board, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, and conflicting n
22、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1996. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ire
23、land, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 536:1995(E) BSI 07-19993 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of
24、 determining the grammage of paper and board. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to rev
25、ision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 186:1994, Paper and boa
26、rd Sampling to determine average quality. ISO 187:1990, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples. ISO 287:1985, Paper and board Determination of moisture content Oven-drying method. 3 Definition Fo
27、r the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. 3.1 grammage mass of a unit area of paper or board determined by a specific method of test grammage is expressed in grams per square metre 4 Principle The area of the test pieces and their masses are determined and the
28、grammage is calculated. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Cutting device, capable of repeatedly cleanly cutting test pieces of the same nominal size whose area falls within 1,0 % of a known area. This shall be checked frequently by measurement and, provided that the above accuracy is attained, the mean area obtained
29、in these checks shall be used for calculating grammage. With certain types of paper and board it will be found, after carrying out this determination of area, that test pieces cannot be cut with the accuracy just defined; in such instances the area of every test piece shall be determined individuall
30、y. 5.2 Balance, sufficiently accurate, over the range of mass for which it is used, to measure to within 0,5 % of the actual mass. It shall be sensitive enough to detect a change of 0,2 % in the mass to be weighed and, if the balance is of the direct-reading type, it shall be graduated so that readi
31、ngs may be taken to this degree of accuracy. Special sheet-weighing balances, designed to weigh test pieces of a given size and which indicate grammage directly, may be used provided that the above conditions are fulfilled and that the area of each test piece on a single weighing is not less than 50
32、0 cm2 and not more than 1 000 cm2 (see clause 8 and 9.2). When in use, the balance shall be shielded from air currents. 6 Sampling The selection of units and sheets and the taking of specimens shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. The number of specimens taken (at least five) shall be suf
33、ficient for at least 20 test pieces. 7 Conditioning For determination of conditioned grammage, the specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with ISO 187. If a determination is made in the “oven-dry” or “astaken” condition (see Annex A), or if any other conditioning atmosphere is used, the report
34、ed results shall be qualified by a statement indicating the condition of the test pieces at the time of weighing. 8 Procedure For determination of conditioned grammage, prepare and weigh the test pieces in the same atmospheric conditions used to condition the specimens. Using the cutting device (5.1
35、), cut at least 20 test pieces in total from at least five specimens, if possible taking the same number from each specimen. Whenever possible, each test piece shall have an area of not less than 500 cm2 (preferably 200 mm 250 mm) and not more than 1 000 cm2; it may, if necessary, be composed of sev
36、eral smaller pieces. Determine the area of each test piece by calculation from measurements taken to the nearest 0,5 mm. Weigh each test piece on the balance (5.2) and express its mass to three significant figures. NOTE 1It is recommended, especially when dealing with small pieces, that contact of t
37、he test piece with bare hands be avoided. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 536:1995(E) 4 BSI 07-1999 9 Expression of results 9.1 If the procedure in clause 8 is followed, calculate the grammage g, expressed in grams per sq
38、uare metre, of each test piece, using the equation where Alternatively, the grammage may be calculated using the equation where 9.2 If a special sheet-weighing balance as described in 5.2 is used, calculate the grammage g, expressed in grams per square metre, using the equation where 9.3 Calculate t
39、he mean of the results and the standard deviation and express them to three significant figures. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this International Standard; b) date and place of testing; c) conditioning atmosphere used; d) all information nece
40、ssary for identification of the sample; e) area of test piece used; f) number of replicate tests; g) mean and standard deviation of the results; h) if specimens have been taken from more than one position across a reel or sheet and information on grammage variation is required, the details listed in
41、 c), d), e) and f) shall be reported for each position separately; i) any departure from the procedure specified in this International Standard and any circumstances that may have influenced the results. mis the mass, in grams, of the test piece; Ais the area, in square centimetres, of the test piec
42、e. is the average mass, in grams, of the test pieces; is the average area, in square centimetres, of the test pieces. g1is the indicated grammage, in grams per square metre, of the test piece; A1is the area, in square centimetres, of the test piece for which the balance is calibrated; Ais the area,
43、in square centimetres, of the weighed test piece. g m A - - 10 000= g m A - - 10 000= m A g A 1 A - -g 1 = Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 536:1995(E) BSI 07-19995 Annex A (normative) Determination of grammage on “oven-dr
44、y” and “as-taken” bases A.1 Determination of grammage on an “oven-dry” basis Determine the area of each test piece after conditioning in accordance with clause 7. Dry the test pieces in accordance with ISO 287 and determine their mass. Calculate the grammage according to 9.1. A.2 Determination of gr
45、ammage “as-taken” This is based on the material in the condition pertaining at the time of sampling. Select specimens and cut and weigh test pieces from them as quickly as the need for accuracy will allow. When taking specimens from a roll, cut them out from such a depth that their moisture content
46、has remained unaffected by the ambient atmosphere. Annex B (informative) Limited area of sample In cases where there is only a limited area of sample available and it is not possible to make up a test piece comprising several smaller pieces as specified in clause 8, a test area of not less than 100
47、cm2 may be used. In other respects the procedure given in clause 8 should be followed. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
48、 (c) BSI BS EN ISO 536:1997 BSI 07-1999 List of references See national foreword. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 02:51:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 536:1997 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the indepe
49、ndent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard wo