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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS PL 4:2005 Properties of unsaturated polyester resins for low pressure laminating of high strength fibre reinforced composites Specification ICS 59.100; 83.120 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:
2、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 June 2005 BSI 8 June 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/65 Draft for comment 04/301
3、15926 DC ISBN 0 580 45899 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/65, Inspection and testing requirements for non-metallic materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Hydromechanics
4、Research Group British Plastics Federation Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Co-opted members The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of this standard, through panel ACE/65/-/64, Structural reinforced plastic: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Co-opted members Am
5、endments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scop
6、e 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions 1 4Material 2 5Properties 2 6Quality of material 4 7Marking, labelling and packaging 4 Annex A (normative) Preparation of laminates 5 Table 1 Physical properties of the resin and resin system 2 Table 2 Mechanical properties of laminates 3 Table 3 El
7、ectrical properties 3 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 ii BSI 8 June 2005 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of ACE/65/-/64. With BS PL 5, this docu
8、ment supersedes DTD 5537A, January 1981, which was declared obsolescent by the Ministry of Defence from 1st April 1999. Test methods associated with this specification are published separately as BS PL 5. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious t
9、o health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standar
10、ds are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displa
11、yed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for unsatura
12、ted polyester-type synthetic resins (modified or unmodified), with a suitable curing agent for use in the impregnation of high strength glass fibre capable of moulding at low pressure during the curing process. NOTE Modified resins may contain constituents such as thixotropic agents, fire retardants
13、, pigments and fillers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the reference cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
14、BS 1595, Propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol) for industrial use. BS 3396-3, Woven glass fibre fabrics for plastics reinforcement Part 3: Specification for finished fabrics for use with polyester resin systems. BS ISO 1817 (BS 903-A16), Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids. BS PL 5,
15、Unsaturated polyester resins for low pressure laminating of high strength fibre reinforced composites Test methods. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 low-pressure moulding process in which the applied pressure during the
16、 curing operation is within the range of 0 to 1.4 MPa 3.2 unsaturated polyester resin solution of styrene (or other reactive monomer or mixture of monomers) of a polymer in which the structural units are linked by ester groupings obtained by condensation of one or more polycarboxylic acids (and if d
17、esired a minor portion of a monocarboxylic acid) with one or more polyhydric alcohols (and if desired a minor proportion of a monohydric alcohol). At least one of the acids or alcohols is ethylenically unsaturated 3.3 curing agent additive such as a catalyst and/or an accelerator added to the base r
18、esin to enhance the rate of curing 3.4 resin system resin catalyst and/or accelerator mixed in ratios as specified within the manufacturers controlled documentation 3.5 storage life shelf life time period at a specified temperature under which the resin/curing agents, stored in their original unopen
19、ed containers when tested will meet the requirements of this specification 3.6 pot life time period between mixing the resin and the resin setting to a soft gel, during which the resin is in a workable state 3.7 curing cycle time/temperature/pressure application profile, including rate of heat up an
20、d cool down as specified within the manufacturers controlled documentation Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 2 BSI 8 June 2005 4 Material 4.1 Manufacturing control The resin shall be
21、formulated and manufactured to issue-controlled documentation, which shall form part of the contract between purchaser and manufacturer. Changes to the formulation or manufacturing process shall not be made without due consideration being given that the modified material meets all the requirements o
22、f the standard. 4.2 Grades and options The resin shall be supplied as: Grade M, for use where mechanical properties only are of primary importance; or Grade E, for use where both mechanical and electrical properties are of primary importance. 4.3 Classification and coding Each grade of resin shall b
23、e classified according to maximum service temperature. Class MA and EA, for use at temperatures not exceeding 70 C. Class MB and EB, for use at temperatures not exceeding 90 C. Class MC and EC, for use at temperatures not exceeding 150 C. Class MD and ED, for use at temperatures not exceeding 200 C.
24、 Class MF and EF, for use at temperatures not exceeding 260 C. 5 Properties 5.1 Resin and resin system physical and mechanical properties The resin and resin system shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1 when tested in accordance with BS PL 5. The manufacturer shall specify: a) the proport
25、ions of individual constituents within the catalysed resin system; b) the mixing sequence; and c) the maximum pot life of the catalysed resin at an ambient temperature of 25 C. The resin shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when stored in its original sealed tin at a maximum temperature of 25 C fo
26、r a time period specified by the manufacturer. The resin shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when stored in its original sealed tin at a maximum temperature of 40 C for a time period specified by the manufacturer. Table 1 Physical properties of the resin and resin system MaterialTestTest requirem
27、ent ResinDensity at 25 CNominal value 0.01 % Viscosity at 25 CNominal value 20 % Acid value, mg KOH/gNominal value 4 % Resin systemaGelation time at 25 CNominal value 20 % Gelation time at 82 CbNominal value 20 % Fully cured resinBarcol hardness, minimumc35 NOTE Nominal value is that value specified
28、 by the manufacturer in the controlled documentation for the material. a The resin system shall be fully catalysed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. b Material subjected to a room temperature or curing process below 82 C shall not be subjected to the gelation test at 82 C. c The Bar
29、col hardness shall be carried out on a cast plaque of fully catalysed resin (100 100 4 mm) that has been mixed, cured and were necessary post-cured in accordance with the manufacturers instruction. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:
30、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 3 5.2 Laminated resin system physical and mechanical properties Laminate test plaques shall be manufactured in accordance with Annex A using glass fabric conforming to BS 3396-3 grade S. They shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when
31、 tested in accordance with BS PL 5. The resin manufacturer shall specify the type of glass fabric to be used in the manufacture of the test plaques. Test specimens showing signs of damage such as cracking, crazing, delamination or other signs of physical damage resulting from preparation or conditio
32、ning shall not be tested. Table 2 Mechanical properties of laminates 5.3 Electrical properties Laminate test plaques shall be manufactured in accordance with Annex A using glass fabric conforming to BS 3396-3 grade S and E type resins. They shall meet the requirements of Table 3 when tested in accor
33、dance with BS PL 5. The resin manufacturer shall specify the type of glass fabric to be used in the manufacture of the test plaques. Table 3 Electrical properties TestTest requirement Flexural strength, MPa (minimum)380 Flexural strength after heat aging, MPa (minimum)a a) after (30 1) min b) after
34、(192 4) h 140 170 Flexural strength after weathering, MPa (minimum)310 Resistance to water a) flexural strength after immersion, MPa (minimum) b) absorption of water, mg (maximum) c) leaching in water, mg (maximum) 310 80 5 Resistance to fluidsb a) retention of flexural strength, per cent of origina
35、l value (minimum) b) change in weight, per cent of original value 80 0.5 Rate of burning, mm/min (maximum) 25 Glass content, %(62.5 2.5) a Heat aging shall be carried out at the maximum service temperature for the grade of resin under test. The tolerance on aging temperature shall be 2 C for tempera
36、tures up to and including 150 C and 5 C for all other temperatures. b Resistance to fluids shall be determined by conditioning test specimens in the following aircraft liquids: a) iso-propyl alcohol conforming to BS 1595; b) standard rubber test fluid a mixture of 30 parts by volume of pure toluene
37、(analytical reagent quality) and 70 parts by volume of pure iso-octane (2,2,5-trimethyl pentane); c) liquid 101 conforming to BS ISO 1817 (BS 903-A16); d) tri-n-butyl phosphate (density 0.975 to 0.976 g/ml; refractive index 1.424 to 1.425; acidity (as H3PO4) 0.15 % maximum. TestTest requirement Befo
38、re storageAfter storage for 21 days at (20 2) C and (90 2) RH in an enclosed chamber Permittivity4.4 (maximum)5.5 (maximum) and not more than 25 % higher than before storage Loss tangent0.02 (maximum)0.025 (maximum) and not more than 25 % higher than before storage Licensed Copy: London South Bank U
39、niversity, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 4 BSI 8 June 2005 6 Quality of material A representative sample of each manufactured batch of resin and curing agent shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Table 1. 7
40、Marking, labelling and packaging1) The labelling of the resin shall consist of the following details in the following order: a) the number and date of this standard, i.e. BS PL 4:2005; b) the classification of the resin, e.g. Class MA; c) the manufacturers name or trade mark, e.g. AB and Co.; d) the
41、 date of manufacture; e) the batch number; f) the preferred storage temperature; g) the maximum storage life in months from date of dispatch. 1)Marking BS PL 4:2005 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer t
42、hat the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 03:40
43、:23 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS PL 4:2005 BSI 8 June 2005 5 Annex A (normative) Preparation of laminates Cut 12 pieces of fabric of approximate size 300 mm 300 mm. Cover two smooth and scratch free flat plates (400 mm 400 mm) with a sheet of regenerated cellulose film or a suitable
44、 release film or release agent. Dry the glass fabric in a ventilated oven for a minimum of one hour at (100 5) C, cool it in a desiccator and use it immediately on removal. Carry out both the impregnation and building up of the laminate in a room temperature of 17 C to 25 C. The warp direction of th
45、e fabric in any ply shall be parallel to the weft direction in the adjacent ply of the laminate. Impregnate the fabric with resin to give a final glass content of 60 % to 65 % of the total weight. The wet impregnated fabric shall be uniformly translucent to demonstrate thorough impregnation. Based o
46、n the weight of glass fabric to be used, catalyse an excess weight of resin (for example 1.5 times the weight of fabric) to produce a void-free laminate. Catalyse the resin in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and use it immediately in the following manner. Pour approximately one twelft
47、h of the catalysed resin on to the cellulose film and place one ply of glass fabric on top. Using a knife blade squeegee roller or other device, apply pressure to the fabric until it is wetted with resin and becomes evenly coated and uniformly translucent. This operation shall be performed with one
48、to two minutes per ply. Repeat the same procedure rotating the ply 90 in relation to the previous layer. Immediately cover the top ply with cellulose film and the second flat plate. Place stops three millimetres thick between the upper and lower plates. Within five minutes of completion of the assem
49、bly, place the completed assembly between platens of a press, close and adjust it to apply a positive pressure of 0.05 to 0.10 MPa. Cure in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. If required, carry out post cure in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. NOTE The height of the stops may be adjusted to accommodate variations in the weight of glass fabric used. Adjustment of the height allows