《BS-ISO-15985-2004.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS-ISO-15985-2004.pdf（20页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15985:2004 Incorporating corrigendum November 2007 Plastics Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions Method by analysis of released biogas ICS 83.080.01 ? Copyright British Standards Institution
2、 Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS ISO 15985:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy an
3、d Strategy Committee on 21 December 2004 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 61325 8 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 15985:2004, incorporating corrigendum November 2007. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Te
4、xt altered by ISO corrigendum November 2007 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does
5、 not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments 30 April 2008Implementation of ISO corr
6、igendum November 2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Reference number ISO 15985:2004(E) OSI
7、4002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15985 First edition 2004-12-01 Plastics Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions Method by analysis of released biogas Plastiques valuation de la biodgradation anarobie ultime et de la d
8、sintgration dans des conditions de digestion anarobie teneur leve en solides Mthode par analyse du biogaz libr BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo
9、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58951 O4002(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file mairp eb ynted iv roweb detu slahl ton ide ebtlnu deess the typefaces whice era hml era deddebicsne
10、de to i dnanstlaled t noeh computfrep reormign tide ehtin.g In wodlnidaot gnhis file, trapise atpecc tiereht nser ehnopsiiblity fo not infriigngn Aebods licensilop gnic.y ehT ISO tneClar Secrteiraat caceptl on siibality in this .aera Ai ebods a tredamafo kr Aebod SystemI sncotaropr.de teDails fo teh
11、 softwacudorp erts sut deo crtaee this PDF file cna f ebi dnuon tlareneG eh Info leratit evo the file; tP ehDc-Frtaeion marapterew setpo erimizde for irpnti.gn Evyre caer neeb sah taken to sneeru that the file is suitlbae fosu re yb ISO memdob rebeis. In tlnu ehikletneve y ttah lborp aem leratit gno
12、 it is f,dnuo plsaee inform ttneC ehlar Secrteiraat ta the serddaig sleb nevwo. ISO 4002 All irthgs erse.devr lnUeto sswrehise specified, on trap fo this lbupictaion maeb y cudorperro de tuilizi den yna form ro na ybm ynae,s lecetrinoc ro mecinahcal, inclidung tohpcoiypodna gn micrfoilm, wittuoh rep
13、missii non writign from ietI rehSa Ot tsserdda eh ebolw or ISOs memreb i ydobn the cnuotrfo y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dna ii ISO 4002 Allr ithg
14、sr esedevr BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58951 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All
15、irthgs ersedevr iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Principle.2 5 Test environment2 6 Reagents3 7 Apparatus.3 8 Procedure.3 9 Calculation and expression of results5 10 Validity of results 7 11 Test report7 Annex A (informative) P
16、rinciple of test system.8 Annex B (informative) Example of loss in mass determination.9 Bibliography .10 BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reprod
17、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58951 O4002(E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
18、 is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take p
19、art in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to
20、 prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility t
21、hat some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15985 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical- chemical properties. BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyr
22、ight British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58951 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr v Introduction New
23、 types of plastic are being developed in which biodegradability is a specifically sought-for characteristic. These plastics and derived products can be added to or used as feedstock for biological recycling and recovery in aerobic composting plants or anaerobic biogasification plants. To make sure t
24、hese plastics are fit for biological recycling, their biodegradability must be demonstrated, preferably by standard test methods. Standard test methods which determine the degree of biodegradation under aerobic, high-solids conditions have been developed (e.g. ISO 14855). However, it is well known f
25、rom the literature that the degree of biodegradation can differ significantly depending on the environmental conditions such as the presence or the absence of oxygen (aerobic or anaerobic). To have a complete understanding of the biodegradation characteristics of a plastic under these different envi
26、ronmental conditions, various methods are required. This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under high-solids conditions. This is representative of systems for the anaerobic biogasification of the organic frac
27、tion of municipal solid waste. Another method for determining the degree of anaerobic biodegradation is ISO 11734. However, this method is designed for soluble test materials in aqueous test conditions and at low concentrations (typically detergents) which is not typical of plastics. In addition, it
28、 is not possible to determine the degree of disintegration in an aqueous method. BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking per
29、mitted without license from IHS -,-,- blank 4002:58951 OSI SB Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
30、 INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:58951 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1 Plastics Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic- digestion conditions Method by analysis of released biogas 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method
31、for the evaluation of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastics based on organic compounds under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions by measurement of evolved biogas and the degree of disintegration at the end of the test. This method is designed to simulate typical anaerobic digest
32、ion conditions for the organic fraction of mixed municipal solid waste. The test material is exposed in a laboratory test to a methanogenic inoculum derived from anaerobic digesters operating only on pretreated household waste. The anaerobic decomposition takes place under high-solids (more than 20
33、% total solids) and static non-mixed conditions. The test method is designed to yield the percentage of carbon in the test material and its rate of conversion to evolved carbon dioxide and methane (biogas). The conditions described in this International Standard may not always correspond to the opti
34、mum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum
35、ent (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8245, Water quality Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 ultimate anaerobic biodegradation breakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen
36、to carbon dioxide, methane, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass 3.2 disintegration physical breakdown of a material into very small fragments 3.3 total dry solids amount of solids obtained by taking a known volume of test material or inoculum and d
37、rying at about 105 C to constant mass BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58
38、951 O4002(E) 2 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3.4 volatile solids amount of solids obtained by subtracting the residue of a known volume of test material or inoculum after incineration at about 550 C from the total dry solids content of the same sample NOTE The volatile solids content is an indicatio
39、n of the amount of organic matter present. 3.5 lag phase time, measured in days, from the start of a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degrading microorganisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has increased to about 10 % of the maximum
40、 level of biodegradation 3.6 maximum level of biodegradation degree of biodegradation, measured in per cent, of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test 3.7 biodegradation phase time, measured in days, from the end of the lag
41、phase of a test until about 90 % of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached 3.8 plateau phase time, measured in days, from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of the test 4 Principle The test method is designed to be an optimized simulation of an intensive anaerobic digest
42、ion process and determines the ultimate biodegradability and degree of disintegration of a test material under high-solids anaerobic digestion conditions. The methanogenic inoculum is derived from anaerobic digesters operating on pretreated household waste, preferably only the organic fraction. The
43、test material is mixed with the inoculum and introduced into a static digestion vessel where it is intensively digested under optimum temperature and moisture conditions for a test period of 15 days or longer until a plateau in net biodegradation has been reached. During the anaerobic biodegradation
44、 of the test material, methane, carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts and new microbial cellular constituents (biomass) are the ultimate biodegradation products. The biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) evolved is continuously monitored or measured at regular intervals in test and blank vessels to det
45、ermine the cumulative biogas production. The percentage biodegradation is given by the ratio of the amount of biogas evolved from the test material to the maximum theoretical amount of biogas that can be produced from the test material. The maximum theoretical amount of biogas produced is calculated
46、 from the measured total organic carbon (TOC). This percentage biodegradation does not include the amount of carbon converted to new cell biomass which is not metabolized in turn to biogas during the course of the test. Additionally, the degree of disintegration of the test material is determined at
47、 the end of the test and the loss in mass of the test material may also be determined. 5 Test environment Incubation shall be in the dark or in diffused light in an enclosure that is maintained at a constant temperature of 52 C 2 C. BS ISO 15985:2004 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided
48、by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 22:18:12 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IS:58951 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3 6 Reagents Use only analytical-grade reagents. Use TLC (thin-layer