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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 16063-1:1998 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts ICS 17.220.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 This British Standard, having been p
2、repared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 1999 BSI 06-1999 ISBN 0 580 32049 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16063-1:1998 and implements it as the
3、UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6955-0:1988 which will be withdrawn in January 1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GME/21, Mechanical vibration and shock, to Subcommittee GME/21/2, Vibration and shock measuring instruments and test equipment, whi
4、ch has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate the
5、m in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section
6、entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Com
7、pliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 21 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright
8、date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:
9、1998 BSI 06-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO 16063-11 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Un
10、controlled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 ii BSI 06-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions2 4Characteristics to be measured4 4.1General4 4.2Dire
11、ct response4 4.3Spurious response4 5Calibration methods7 5.1General7 5.2Primary calibration methods7 5.3Comparison calibration methods16 6Expression of uncertainty of measurement17 Annex A (informative) Expression of uncertainty of measurement in calibration18 Bibliography20 Figure 1 Principle of th
12、e ideal interferometer8 Figure 2 Example of a measuring system using an interferometer10 Figure 3 Dual centrifuge14 Descriptors: Vibration, mechanical shock, test equipment, measuring instruments, transducers, calibration, generalities. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09
13、 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 BSI 06-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I
14、SO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
15、closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circula
16、ted to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 16063-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibrat
17、ion of vibration and shock measuring instruments. This first edition of ISO 16063-1 cancels and replaces ISO 5347-0:1987, of which it constitutes a minor revision. A new clause 6, new Annex A, and an enlarged bibliography have been included. ISO 16063 will consist of the following parts, under the g
18、eneral title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts; Part 2: Primary calibrations; Part 3: Secondary calibrations; Part 4: Environmental calibrations. Parts 2 to 4 are under preparation and will consist of a revision of parts 1 to 23 of ISO 5347. Annex
19、 A of this part of ISO 16063 is for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 BSI
20、 06-19991 Introduction The calibration of vibration and shock transducers has become increasingly important as the need has grown for accurate measurements of the shocks and vibrations to which man and a wide variety of equipment are subjected in service. Several methods have been used or proposed f
21、or these calibrations and some of them are described in this part of ISO 16063. Clause 5 describes methods which have proved to be reliable means for the primary calibration of vibration and shock transducers. Methods of calibration for both vibration and shock transducers are included in this Inter
22、national Standard because it has proved to be impracticable to make a distinction between transducers used in measurements of vibrations and those used in measurements of shocks. This International Standard is limited to the calibration of acceleration, velocity and displacement transducers. It does
23、 not deal with transducers used for measurements of force, pressure or strain, even though some of these may be calibrated using similar methods. Furthermore, transducers used to measure rotational vibratory motion are also excluded because, at present, they are few in number and the calibration har
24、dware and methods are somewhat different from those for the rectilinear transducers covered by this International Standard. This part of ISO 16063 contains definitions and describes basic primary calibration. In addition, it describes, in general terms, various methods for the calibration of vibrati
25、on and shock transducers as well as methods for measuring characteristics other than sensitivity. In order to be able to carry out a calibration with known accuracy, detailed specifications for instruments and procedures have to be laid down. Information of this kind for each method of calibration w
26、ill be specified in subsequent parts of ISO 16063 (i.e. revisions of parts 1 to 23 of the ISO 5347 series). The transducer may be calibrated as a unit by itself; it may include a cable connection and/or a conditioning device. The calibration system shall always be properly described. A bibliography
27、is included and the references are referred to in the text by numbers in square brackets. 1 Scope This part of ISO 16063 describes methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers. It also includes methods for the measurement of characteristics in addition to the sensitivity. One prima
28、ry calibration method has been selected as the preferred method (see 5.2.1). Comparison calibration methods for vibration and shock are also described (see 5.3). More detailed descriptions are given in parts 1 to 23 of ISO 5347 (see references 1 to 22). This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to contin
29、uous-reading rectilinear acceleration, velocity and displacement transducers and recommends a preferred method which has proved to give reliable and reproducible results. It is not applicable to methods for the calibration of rotational transducers. 2 Normative references The following normative doc
30、uments contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 16063. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 16063 are encouraged to
31、investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 1101:1983,
32、Technical drawings Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings. ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock Vocabulary. ISO 2954:1975, Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery Requirements for in
33、struments for measuring vibration severity. GUM:Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/OIML/IUPAC,1995. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 2 BSI 06-1999 3 Terms and definitio
34、ns For the purposes of this part of ISO 16063, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, together with the following, apply. 3.1 transducer device for converting the mechanical motion to be measured, for example acceleration in a given direction, into a quantity which may be conveniently measured
35、 or recorded NOTEA transducer may include auxiliary equipment for amplifying, supplying necessary operating power, providing necessary circuit elements, indicating or recording its output, etc. 3.1.1 operating range range of frequency and of amplitude for which the transducer behaves as a linear tra
36、nsducer within specified limits of tolerance 3.1.2 reciprocal transducer bilateral electromechanical transducer for which the ratio of the applied current to force produced (when the transducer is restrained so the velocity is zero) equals the ratio of the applied velocity to the voltage produced (w
37、hen the transducer is open-circuited so the current is zero) EXAMPLES: Electromagnetic and piezo-electric transducers 3.1.3 unilateral transducer transducer employing strain gauges as sensing elements for which an electrical excitation does not cause a perceptible mechanical effect in the transducer
38、 3.2 input signal signal applied to the input of the transducer EXAMPLE: The acceleration applied to the mounting surface 3.3 output signal signal generated by the transducer in response to a given input signal NOTE 1For single-ended transducers, the acceleration vector is considered positive when d
39、irected into the mounting surface of the transducer. For back-to-back reference accelerometers, the acceleration vector is considered positive when directed from the top surface into the accelerometer to be calibrated by comparison. NOTE 2The phase of the output quantity (e.g. voltage, charge, curre
40、nt, resistance, etc.) should be specified with reference to the defined positive acceleration vector or the derived quantities (velocity or displacement). 3.4 sensitivity for a linear transducer, the ratio of the output to input during sinusoidal excitation parallel to a specified axis of sensitivit
41、y at the mounting surface NOTE 1In general, the sensitivity includes both amplitude and phase information and is, consequently, a complex quantity which varies with frequency. the sinusoidal input motion may be represented by the following equations: where s = exp j(t + 1) = cos(t + 1) + jsin(t + 1)
42、(1) v = js = expj(t + 1 + ;/2) = cos(t + 1 + ;/2) + jsin(t + 1 + ;/2)(2) a = jv = expj(t + 1 + ;) = cos(t + 1 + ;) +jsin(t + 1 + ;)(3) u = expj(t + 2) = cos(t + 2) + jsin(t + 2)(4) sis the complex quantity of the displacement; vis the complex quantity of the velocity; ais the complex quantity of the
43、 acceleration; uis the complex quantity of the output; s s v v Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16063-1:1998 BSI 06-19993 the displacement sensitivity, Ss, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre, is where
44、 the velocity sensitivity, Sv, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre per second, is where the acceleration sensitivity, Sa, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre per second squared, is where usually, the displacement sensitivity is determined for a displacement transd
45、ucer, the velocity sensitivity for a velocity transducer, and the acceleration sensitivity for an acceleration transducer. In general, the sensitivity magnitudes and the phase angles are functions of the frequency, f = /2;. NOTE 2A displacement, velocity or acceleration transducer in which the corre
46、sponding sensitivity does not become zero as the frequency approaches zero is said to have a zero-frequency response (direct-current response). Sensitivity under constant acceleration corresponds to = 0 and the phase lag is zero. Examples of transducers with zero-frequency response are acceleration
47、transducers employing strain gauges, potentiometers, differential transformers, force-balance (servo) or variable reluctance circuits as sensing elements. Seismic self-generating transducers, such as piezo-electric and electrodynamic transducers, are examples of transducers without zero-frequency re
48、sponse. 3.5 transverse sensitivity ratio (TSR) ratio of the output of a transducer, when oriented with its axis of sensitivity transverse to the direction of the input, to the output when the axis of sensitivity is aligned in the direction of the same input is the peak amplitude of sinusoidal displa
49、cement; is the peak amplitude of sinusoidal velocity; is the peak amplitude of sinusoidal acceleration; is the angular frequency; 1 and 2 are the phase angles; tis the time; jis the imaginary unit. (5) is the magnitude of the displacement sensitivity; (1 (2) is the phase lag. (6) is the magnitude of the velocity sensitivity; (1 + ;2 2) is the phase lag. (7) is the magnitude of the acceleration sensitivity; (1 + ; 2)is the phase lag. s v Licensed Copy: sheffieldun she