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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2: Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen ICS 43.120 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Unc
2、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 23273-2:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 50607 9 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of ISO 23273-2
3、:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/69, Electric vehicles. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. U
4、sers are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007,
5、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 23273-2:2006(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23273-2 First edition 2006-05-15 Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2: Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen Vhicules routiers aliments par pile com
6、bustible Spcifications de scurit Partie 2: Protection contre les dangers de lhydrogne pour les vhicules utilisant de lhydrogne comprim BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Lice
7、nsed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparin
8、g International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liai
9、son with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of t
10、echnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is d
11、rawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 23273-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21, Electrically propelle
12、d road vehicles. ISO 23273 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications: Part 1: Vehicle functional safety Part 2: Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen Part 3: Protection of persons against electri
13、c shock BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy
14、, (c) BSI 1 Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 2: Protection against hydrogen hazards for vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen 1 Scope This part of ISO 23273 specifies the essential requirements for fuel cell vehicles (FCV) with respect to the protection of persons and the envir
15、onment inside and outside the vehicle against hydrogen related hazards. It applies only to such FCV where compressed hydrogen is used as fuel for the fuel cell system. This part of ISO 23273 does not apply to manufacturing, maintenance and repair. The requirements of this part of ISO 23273 address b
16、oth normal operating (fault free) and single fault conditions of the vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
17、erenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 17268, Compressed hydrogen surface vehicle refuelling connection devices ISO 23273-1, Fuel cell road vehicles Safety specifications Part 1: Vehicle functional safety 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following term
18、s and definitions apply. 3.1 air processing system system that processes (i.e. that filters, meters, conditions and pressurizes) the incoming air for the fuel cell system 3.2 contaminant substances within raw fuel, such as sulphur, that, at or above a specified concentration level, may poison reacti
19、on catalysts 3.3 electric chassis conductive mechanical structure of the vehicle including all associated electric and electronic components, whose parts are electrically connected and whose potential is taken as reference BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South
20、 Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 3.4 excess flow valve valve which automatically shuts off or limits the gas flow when the flow exceeds a set design value 3.5 fuel cell electrochemical device that generates electricity by the conversion of fuel and a
21、n oxidant without any physical or chemical consumption of the electrodes or electrolyte 3.6 fuel cell stack assembly of two or more fuel cells, which are electrically connected 3.7 fuel cell system system typically containing the following subsystems: fuel cell stack, air processing system, fuel pro
22、cessing system, thermal management, water management and their control system 3.8 fuel cell vehicle FCV vehicle that receives propulsion power from an on-board fuel cell power system NOTE The general term FCV also includes vehicles with an additional other source of propulsion power. 3.9 fuel proces
23、sing system system that converts (if necessary), and/or conditions the fuel as stored in the on-board fuel storage into fuel suitable for operation in the fuel cell stack 3.10 fuel system combination of the on-board fuel storage, the fuel processing system, and the fuel cell stack 3.11 main hydrogen
24、 shut-off valve valve designed to automatically isolate the high pressure hydrogen source 3.12 maximum allowable working pressure MAWP maximum working pressure at which a component or system may be normally operated without damage, including leakage and deformation NOTE The maximum allowable working
25、 pressure is used in determining the setting of pressure-limiting/relieving devices installed to protect the part or system from accidental over-pressurizing. 3.13 nominal working pressure pressure level at which a component typically operates NOTE For fuel containers it is the settled pressure at a
26、 uniformed temperature of 15 C (288 K) for a full fuel container. 3.14 purge process to eliminate unwanted gas constituents from the hydrogen system 3.15 temperature-triggered pressure relief device PRD excessive temperature-triggered, activated non-reclosing resealing device which vents gas to prot
27、ect the fuel container from rupture when subjected to a standard fire test BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 4 Environmental and operational conditions The requirement given
28、in this part of ISO 23273 shall be met across the range of environmental and operational conditions for which the vehicle is designed to operate, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 5 Design and performance requirements of the fuel system 5.1 General The fuel system consists of a high pressure
29、 section, where the inner pressure is the same as in the fuel container, and an intermediate to low pressure section, where the inner pressure is lower than that of the high pressure section. The fuel system shall be equipped with: a fire protection system incorporating one or more temperature-trigg
30、ered PRD(s); a main hydrogen shut-off valve that shall be closed when the energizing power to the valve is lost, and which shall also be closed when the vehicle fuel cell system is not operating; hydrogen shut-off system according to 5.2.4; and an excess flow valve or a system providing the same fun
31、ction. 5.2 Components 5.2.1 General The components of the fuel system shall satisfy the following requirements. The components shall be designed, installed and serviced in such a way that they can operate safely under the environmental and operational conditions as specified by the manufacturer. All
32、 components used in the high pressure section shall have an adequate pressure rating based on the nominal working pressure. All components used in the intermediate and low pressure sections shall have an adequate pressure rating based on the maximum allowable working pressure. Electrically conductiv
33、e housings of components in possible flammable areas should be bonded grounded to the electric chassis to prevent inadvertent ignition of hydrogen discharges. 5.2.2 Fuel container A vehicle fuel container according to legal requirements, if applicable, shall be used. Otherwise, requirements shall be
34、 specified by the vehicle manufacturer. The fuel container system shall be equipped with at least one temperature-triggered PRD located near the hydrogen fuel container(s) so that hydrogen in the fuel container can be discharged before rupture (see also 5.3). 5.2.3 Overpressure protection Any parts
35、located in the intermediate or low pressure section shall be capable of withstanding or be protected against an extraordinary pressure increase due to a single failure of the first pressure regulator upstream. NOTE For guidance see SAE J2578. BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univ
36、ersity, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 5.2.4 Hydrogen shut-off system The fuel system and its control shall provide a means to close the main hydrogen shut-off valve and thereby prevent unwanted discharge of hydrogen or other hazards ar
37、ising from single-point failures, as per ISO 23273-1. 5.3 Location and installation of components All components and interconnecting piping and wiring shall be securely mounted or supported in the vehicle to minimize damage and prevent leakage and/or malfunction. Components shall be located within t
38、he vehicle to reduce the possibility of accidental damage, unless the components are adequately protected and no part of the component lies outside of the protective structure. Fuel pipes shall be located and protected in such a way that no damage can be caused by vehicle vibrations under normal ope
39、rational conditions as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 5.4 Discharges The vehicle design for all fuel system exhausts, purges, vents and other discharges that occur during normal operation of the vehicle shall prevent hydrogen-related hazardous conditions. All normal operating modes including
40、 start, run, stop and off (parked) should be considered in these requirements. Discharges into all vehicle compartments under normal operation and single failure conditions shall not lead to any hazardous conditions. In areas of contemplated use such as outdoors, mechanically ventilated buildings an
41、d structures and non-mechanically ventilated residential garages legal requirements shall be met. Normal discharges from the vehicle to the outside shall be non-flammable. NOTE Guidance relative to evaluating vehicles for commonly contemplated situations such as driving outdoors, idling the vehicle
42、in commercial buildings, and parking in a residential garage is provided in SAE J2578. Discharges from the PRD shall be vented to the outside of the vehicle, and shall be protected as well as all associated piping and outlet, such that functionality is not compromised due to flow restrictions. The r
43、elease of hydrogen from traction batteries shall not lead to any hazardous conditions. 6 Test methods for determining flammability around the vehicle from fuel discharges Tests shall be performed according to applicable national or International Standards or legal requirements. Otherwise test method
44、s shall be specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 7 Complementary or alternative approach to verify hydrogen-related safety requirements 7.1 General Complementarily to the requirements in Clause 5, protection for persons and the environment inside and outside the vehicle against hydrogen-related haz
45、ards may be achieved by the following procedure. This procedure may also be applied instead of the requirements in Clause 5, resulting in requirements more specific to the conditions of a given fuel cell vehicle design. NOTE Such approach is applied to vehicle electronic systems in several ECE Regul
46、ations (R13, R79). BS ISO 23273-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Mon May 07 12:05:43 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 7.2 Hydrogen-related components and systems Components and systems containing and/or carrying and/or processing hydrogen
47、shall be specified by the vehicle manufacturer unless legal requirements apply. 7.3 Integration of the hydrogen-related components and systems into the FCV 7.3.1 Normal (fault-free) hydrogen related conditions of the vehicle The vehicle manufacturer shall establish a process that, under normal (faul
48、t-free) conditions of the hydrogen-related components and systems, no hazard for persons in or in the vicinity of the FCV in normal environmental and operational conditions can occur. 7.3.2 Hydrogen-related fault conditions of the vehicle A hazard analysis in relation to hydrogen shall be performed
49、considering primarily the interface between the components and systems, as established during assembly into the vehicle. This analysis may use an FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis), an FTA (fault tree analysis) or another appropriate method, and shall determine potential single hardware and software failures or conditions which could form a hazard for persons in or around the vicinity of the vehicle. Based on this analysis, a description shall be provided of the hard