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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61400-2:1996 IEC 1400-2: 1996 Wind turbine generator systems Part 2: Safety of small wind turbines The European Standard EN 61400-2:1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 27.180 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
2、 Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61400-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1996 BSI 11-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on th
3、is standard: Committee reference PEL/88 Draft for comment 93/209425 DC ISBN 0 580 26383 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/88, Wind turbine systems, upon which the following bodies are represented: Brit
4、ish Wind Energy Association Electricity Association Health and Safety Executive Lloyds Register Engineering Services National Engineering Laboratory Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled C
5、opy, (c) BSI BS EN 61400-2:1996 BSI 11-1998i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text on EN 61400-2 3 List of references Inside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
6、 EN 61400-2:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PEL/88 and is the English Language version of EN 61400-2:1996 Wind turbine generator systems Part 2: Safety of small wind turbines published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical
7、 Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC 1400-2:1996, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Com
8、pliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 60529:1991 (IEC 529:1989) BS EN 60529:1992 Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) IEC 1000 SeriesBS E
9、N 61000 Series Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ENV 61400-1:1995DD ENV 61400 Wind turbine generator systems (IEC 1400-1 1994)DD ENV 61400-1:1995 Safety requirements EN 55011:1991 (CISPR 11:1990) BS EN 55011:1991 Specification for limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characterist
10、ics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment EN ISO 9001:1994 (ISO 9001:1994) BS EN ISO 9001:1994 Quality systems. Models for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing EN ISO 9002:1994 (ISO 9002:1994) BS EN ISO 9002:1994 Quality sys
11、tems. Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing EN ISO 9003:1994 (ISO 9003:1994) BS EN ISO 9003:1994 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, th
12、e EN title page, pages 2 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:4
13、1 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61400-2 June 1996 ICS 27.180 Descriptors: Wind generators, safety, design, computation, stresses, loads, forces, protection, protection against live parts, installation, maintenance, tests English versi
14、on Wind turbine generator systems Part 2: Safety of small wind turbines (IEC 1400-2:1996) Arognrateurs Partie 2: Scurit des petits arognrateurs (CEI 1400-2:1996) Windenergieanlagen Teil 2: Sicherheit kleiner Windenergieanlagen (IEC 1400-2:1996) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1996-
15、03-05. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be ob
16、tained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Ce
17、ntral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingd
18、om. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 61400-2:1996 E Licensed
19、 Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61400-2:1996 BSI 11-1998 2 Foreword The text of document 85/53/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 1400-2, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind turbine generator systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
20、vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-2 on 1996-03-05. The following dates were fixed: For products which have complied with the relevant national standard before 1997-01-01, as shown by the manufacturer or by a certification body, this previous standard may continue to apply for production u
21、ntil 2002-01-01. Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, annex ZA is normative and annex A is informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Genera
22、l3 1.1Scope and object3 1.2Normative references3 1.3Definitions3 1.4Symbols and units6 1.5Abbreviations8 2Principal elements8 2.1General8 2.2Quality assurance8 3External conditions9 4Structural design9 4.1General9 4.2Design methodology9 4.3Loads10 Page 4.4Load cases10 4.5Simplified load calculation1
23、0 4.6Stress calculation14 4.7Safety factors and characteristic material values14 5SWTGS protection15 5.1General15 5.2Functional requirements of the protection system15 6Support structure15 6.1General15 6.2Towers15 6.3Foundations and anchors16 6.4Other support structures16 7Electrical system of the S
24、WTGS16 7.1General16 7.2Electromagnetic compatibility16 7.3Operating conditions16 7.4Protection against direct and indirect contacts16 7.5Switching devices16 7.6Malfunction of electrical system17 7.7Conductors17 8Documentation17 9Testing18 9.1General18 9.2Component tests18 9.3Operational tests18 9.4D
25、ynamic tests18 Annex A (informative) Bibliography19 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications20 Figure 1 Definition of the system of axes for HAWT8 Figure 2 Drag coefficient Cd14 Table 1 Design load cases for the simplified
26、 load calculation method11 Table 2 Equivalent stresses14 Table 3 Safety factors15 latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement(dop) 1997-01-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN
27、 have to be withdrawn(dow) 1997-01-01 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61400-2:1996 BSI 11-19983 Introduction This part of IEC 1400 outlines minimum safety requirements for small wind turbine generator systems, and is not i
28、ntended for use as a complete design specification or instruction manual. Compliance with this standard does not relieve any person, organization, or corporation from the responsibility of observing other applicable regulations. 1 General 1.1 Scope and object This part of IEC 1400 deals with safety
29、philosophy, quality assurance, engineering integrity and specifies requirements for the safety of small wind turbine generator systems (SWTGS), including design, installation, maintenance and operation under specified external conditions. Its purpose is to provide the appropriate level of protection
30、 against damage from hazards from these systems during their planned lifetime. This standard is concerned with all subsystems of SWTGS such as protection mechanisms, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems, support structures, foundations and the electrical interconnection with the load. Thi
31、s standard applies to SWTGS with swept area smaller than 40 m2 and generating at a voltage below 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. This standard should be used together with the appropriate IEC and ISO standards (see 1.2). 1.2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions whic
32、h, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 1400. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 1400 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
33、 applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 364, Electrical installations of buildings. IEC 529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code). IEC 1000, Electro
34、magnetic compatibility (EMC). IEC 1400-1:1994, Wind turbine generator systems Part 1: Safety requirements. IEC CISPR 11:1990, Limits and methods of measurement of electromagnetic disturbance characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment. ISO 2394:1986, General
35、 principles on reliability for structures Addendum 1 (1988). ISO 9001:1994, Quality systems Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing. ISO 9002:1994, Quality systems Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing. ISO 9003:1994,
36、 Quality systems Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test. 1.3 Definitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 1400, the following definitions apply: 1.3.1 brake (wind turbines) device capable of reducing the rotor speed or stopping rotation 1.3.2 control system (wind turbines) subsy
37、stem that receives information about the condition of the wind turbine and/or its environment, and adjusts the wind turbine in order to maintain it within its operating limits Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61400-2:1996 4
38、 BSI 11-1998 1.3.3 cut-in wind speed (Vin) lowest wind speed at hub height at which the wind turbine starts to produce useable power (see hub height) 1.3.4 cut-out wind speed (Vout) maximum wind speed at hub height at which the wind turbine is designed to produce useable power (see hub height) 1.3.5
39、 design limits maximum or minimum values used in a design 1.3.6 design situation possible mode of wind turbine operation (for example power production, parking etc.) 1.3.7 external conditions (wind turbines) factors affecting the operation of wind turbine, including the wind regime, other climatic f
40、actors (snow, ice, etc.) 1.3.8 fall-safe design property of an item which prevents its failures from resulting in critical faults 1.3.9 gust temporary change in the wind speed which may be characterized by its rise-time, its amplitude and its duration 1.3.10 horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) wind
41、turbine whose rotor axis is substantially parallel to the wind flow 1.3.11 hub fixture for attaching the blades or blade assembly to the rotor shaft 1.3.12 hub height (wind turbines) height of the centre of the wind turbine rotor above the terrain surface. For a vertical axis wind turbine, the hub h
42、eight is the height of the equator plane 1.3.13 idling (wind turbines) condition of a wind turbine generator that is rotating slowly and not producing power 1.3.14 limit state state of a structure and the loads acting upon it beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design requirements (se
43、e ISO 2394) NOTEThe purpose of design calculations (that is the design requirement for the limit state) is to keep the probability of a limit state being reached below a certain value prescribed for the type of structure in question (see ISO 2394). 1.3.15 load case combination of a design situation
44、and an external condition which results in a structural loading Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61400-2:1996 BSI 11-19985 1.3.16 mean wind speed statistical mean of the instantaneous value of the wind speed averaged over a
45、 given time period which can vary from a few seconds to many years 1.3.17 nacelle housing which contains the drive-train and other equipment on top of a HAWT tower 1.3.18 parking situation to which a wind turbine returns after a normal shut-down 1.3.19 power output power delivered by a device in a s
46、pecific form and for a specific purpose NOTE(wind turbines) The electric power delivered by a WTGS. 1.3.20 protection system (wind turbines) system which ensures that the wind turbine remains within its design limits 1.3.21 rated power quantity of power assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a s
47、pecified operating condition of a component, device or equipment NOTE(wind turbines) Maximum continuous electrical power output which the wind turbine is designed to achieve under normal operating conditions. 1.3.22 rated wind speed (VR) specified wind speed at which a wind turbines rated power is a
48、chieved 1.3.23 reference extreme wind speed (Vexr) 10 min average wind speed at hub height with a recurrence interval of 50 years 1.3.24 rotor speed (wind turbines) rotational speed of a wind turbine rotor about its axis 1.3.25 safe life prescribed service life with a declared probability of catastr
49、ophic failure 1.3.26 shut-down (wind turbines) transitional state of a wind turbine between power production and standstill or idling 1.3.27 support structure (wind turbines) part of a wind turbine comprising the tower and foundation 1.3.28 swept area (for HAWT) area of the projection, upon a plane perpendicular to the wind velocity vector, of the circle along which the rotor blade tips move during rotation Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Thu Nov 09 14:06:41 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 61400-2:1996 6 BSI 1