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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS ISO 16458:2004 Space systems Unmanned spacecraft transportation General requirements ICS 49.140 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 16458:2004 This Brit
2、ish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 5 April 2004 BSI 5 April 2004 ISBN 0 580 43593 8 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 16458:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its prep
3、aration was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications ref
4、erred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary prov
5、isions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation
6、, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover
7、and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Cop
8、y, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 16458:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16458 First edition 2004-01-15 Space systems Unmanned spacecraft transportation General requirements Systmes spatiaux Transport des vhicules spatiaux non habits Exigences gnrales BS ISO 16458:2004 Licensed Copy: London South Ba
9、nk University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BS ISO 16458:2004 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword ISO (the International O
10、rganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been estab
11、lished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizat
12、ion. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting
13、. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such p
14、atent rights. ISO 16458 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. BS ISO 16458:2004 iii Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy
15、, (c) BSI Introduction International cooperation in space system design and operation determines how a spacecraft (SC) and its hardware are transported, such as transportation of special hardware for setup and operation of the SC from other countries; transportation of the SC with hardware for integ
16、ration with the launch vehicles. To ensure that the problems of ground transportation of the SC and its hardware will not hinder the development of international cooperation transportation should not require excessive or unusual preparation of the SC and its hardware, and transportation should be ba
17、sed on the available civilian or military transport facilities. It would be ideal to develop international transportation requirements for all SC and all types of transportation modes. However, development of such requirements for all areas and all SC of other countries is difficult; so the followin
18、g general requirements should be established initially: the environment for the SC transportation; the loads from all transportation modes; the rules for the SC loading, transportation, and unloading. This International Standard contains a list of requirements for different types of transport (rail,
19、 road, air, and water). BS ISO 16458:2004 iv Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Space systems Unmanned spacecraft transportation General requirements 1 Scope This International Standard is applicab
20、le to unmanned spacecraft and their supporting hardware including science instrument and payloads. It establishes the requirements for transportation by rail, road, air, and water and as a part of a launch vehicle and establishes the requirements for special containers and loading/unloading operatio
21、ns meant to safeguard unmanned spacecraft and their supporting hardware during transportation. This International Standard is intended to be applied in international transportation. It may also be used in national transportation. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispen
22、sable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14303, Space systems Launch-vehicle-to-spacecraft interfaces ISO 15863, Space systems Spacec
23、raft-to-launch-vehicle interface control document ISO 17401, Space systems Documents for space craft interface requirements for launch vehicle services 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms LC launch complex OD operational documentation RF radio frequency SC spacecraft TS technical specification 4 Transpo
24、rtation requirements 4.1 General provisions 4.1.1 SC shipping containers or railway cars When transporting an SC to an LC or to a maintenance structure, the spacecraft shipping container and other special devices shall provide for the safe transportation of the spacecraft. The shipping container sha
25、ll safely provide for various transportation conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and shock. These conditions shall be specified in the operational documentation (OD). BS ISO 16458:2004 1 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2
26、007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4.1.2 Mechanical loads During transportation and loading/unloading operations, structural loads act on the SC. These loads depend on SC securing methods, the stiffness of the transport device, the loading/unloading facilities used, and the environment faced by transpo
27、rt. The limiting values and duration of the loads shall be specified in documentation of the SC developer. 4.1.3 Types of transport The types of transport, as well as the requirements for transportation, shall be specified in the OD for the SC. 4.1.4 Major components, support equipment and spare par
28、ts Major components or subsystems shall be transported under the same conditions as the SC. Accessories, tools, and spare parts shall be transported in accordance with the suppliers specifications. 4.1.5 Safety requirements The SC shall be completely secured during transportation (except when transp
29、orted as part of the launch device). Containers with active fluid or active electrical systems shall not jeopardize transportation safety. International transportation of SC shall comply with the international transportation regulations and the international safety constraints that exist under the a
30、uthority of the United Nations. Transportation within a country shall conform to the national transportation safety regulations. Transportation within a LC shall conform to the LC safety regulations. 4.1.6 Moisture and contamination The components of SC or the entire SC that are sensitive to moistur
31、e and/or contamination that adversely affect function or performance shall have a system to avoid or reduce the moisture and/or contamination during transportation in accordance with the specific requirements defined in the OD for the SC. 4.1.7 Electrical grounding The SC and container shall be elec
32、trically grounded during transportation in accordance with the OD for the SC. 4.1.8 Pyrotechnic safety Pyrotechnic components shall be in a safe inactive condition. 4.2 Requirements for the SC shipping containers and control over transportation conditions 4.2.1 Containers A container shall protect t
33、he SC from damage during transportation, loading/unloading operations, or storage, as well as ensure protection against the natural environment. 4.2.2 Lifting devices and tie-down points Lifting devices (yokes, shackles, etc.) and pick-up/tie-down points shall be provided for lifting and securing co
34、ntainers on a transportation device. The location of the lifting points shall provide a stable lift during any lifting operations. Intermediate elements for securing the container by lifting devices (yokes, shackles) on the transportation device shall be in accordance with the requirements of the OD
35、. Requirements for proof loading of lift points, frames, and slings prior to use shall be specified in the OD. BS ISO 16458:2004 2 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4.2.3 Container dimensions Dime
36、nsions of containers should be in accordance with the dimensional outlines of rolling stock adopted in international and/or national practice. The container dimensions shall provide a safe clearance between the SC and internal face of the container. 4.2.4 Design requirements The design of the contai
37、ner shall ensure that a) dust and moisture tightness is provided, protection against water penetration is provided, and environmental parameters inside the container are maintained within the established limits; b) air pressure inside the container is equal to the environment at air pressure or high
38、er air pressure in accordance with that specified in the OD; c) relative air humidity inside the container is not more than 60 %, and the absolute humidity is not more than 0,019 kg/m3 or in accordance with the OD for the SC; d) temperature inside a container is from 50 C to +50 C or in accordance w
39、ith the OD for the SC; e) protection against penetration of rodents and insects is provided; f) dust-generating materials are controlled; g) container provides protection against static electricity build-up and/or a capability of discharge; h) design load margins are in accordance with the OD for th
40、e SC; i) transportation pressure is equalized, which adds a design requirement regarding the pressure equalization capability of the shipping containers; j) products and amounts of out-gassing materials in proximity of the SC are specified in the OD for the SC; k) materials are compatible with SC pr
41、opellants if an SC is transported filled with fuel; a propellant leak and/or spillage cannot cause a spontaneous combustion and/or fire; l) design and materials used for the SC shipping container are compatible for entry/operation inside a clean room; m) RF (radio frequency) shielding is required wh
42、en the spacecraft being transported is sensitive to external RF energy; n) containers are constructed of corrosive-resistant materials or coatings, if likely to be subjected to corrosive environments. 4.2.5 Thermal containers Thermal containers shall ensure the following transportation conditions: a
43、) temperature is in accordance with the OD for the SC; b) pressure is from 93 kPa to 113 kPa or in accordance with the OD for the SC; c) relative humidity is a maximum of 60 % or in accordance with the OD for the SC; d) air cleanliness is in accordance with the OD. BS ISO 16458:2004 3 Licensed Copy:
44、 London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jan 30 01:34:12 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4.2.6 Shock absorption system In order to reduce structural loads acting on SC during transportation down to acceptable values, the container shall be equipped with a shock-abs
45、orption system or other load-reduction systems when required to meet the TS. 4.2.7 Monitoring and recording For transportation of an SC in a container, the monitoring and recording of transportation conditions shall be performed when required by the OD for the SC. In order to ensure monitoring of SC
46、 parameters without opening the container, the container design shall provide for remote monitoring. Shock monitor/recording sensors shall be made a part of the shipping container internally and externally when required by the OD for the SC. Volumes and permissible ranges of values of monitored para
47、meters of transportation conditions shall be stipulated in the OD for the SC. 4.3 Transportation by commercial rail 4.3.1 Requirements for transportation SC transportation by rail shall be carried out in accordance with rules adopted in international or national practice. 4.3.2 Loads The location an
48、d orientation of the SC (vertical, horizontal, etc.), securing of the SC in a container and the shock-absorption system shall be designed to accommodate the loads imposed by the OD for the SC. 4.3.3 Approval of deviations Railway authorities shall approve overall container dimensions when they devia
49、te from the overall dimensions of the rolling stock. 4.3.4 Precautions During SC transportation, abrupt jolts, jerks, and disconnection of inter-car joints of the braking system are not allowed. Railway cars and platforms carrying SC shall not be subject to descending from sorting gravity yards and shall require higher caution measures during manoeuvres. Speed with which a locomotive (with railway cars or without them) approaches immobile railway cars with SC shall not be mo