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1、 CEA Standard Recommended Loudspeaker Safety Practices ANSI/CEA-636 December 1996 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted with
2、out license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE CEA Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser i
3、n selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, B
4、ulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other tech
5、nical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical pub
6、lication. This CEA Standard is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid comparison between the CEA Standard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not purport t
7、o address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project Numbe
8、r 3406, formulated under the cognizance of the CEA R1 Safety General Purpose Use, Fire Protective Signaling Systems, and Installation in Air-Handling Plenum Spaces.40 i Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Ber
9、nie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- This page left blank. Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20
10、:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 INTRODUCTION This document, “Recommended Loudspeaker Safety Practices“, is only intended to provide a guide to manufacturers wishing to test their products for the existence of specific potential hazards. Accord
11、ingly, this document cannot be used as the ultimate standard for loudspeaker safety. The guidelines in this document consist of loudspeaker specifications and tests that relate to specific safety issues, only. They should be used in conjunction with the manufacturers own safety specifications and te
12、sting program or may form the basis of a safety specifications and testing program if none is actively in place. In addition to the guidelines themselves, this document contains background information on loudspeaker safety. For example, the reasons for some of the test conditions are given. Loudspea
13、ker performance is not covered in this document since this is covered in EIA-426, the international standard IEC-268-5, and other documents. The general approach used in this document is a systems approach. That is, that the function of the entire system is the primary concern rather than the hazard
14、 potential of individual components or materials. However, some specifications and testing recommendations for individual components are included as a matter of course, as they relate to safety and quality control issues. Many tests given in this document may be inherently hazardous and thus adequat
15、e safeguards for testing personnel and property should be employed while conducting such tests. _ The first draft of this document was written hi the EIA/CEG/R-1 Product Safety Committee in 1987. This second draft was revised and expanded by the combined efforts of the EIA/CEG/R-1 Product Safety Com
16、mittee and the National Sound it cannot be used to replace these sections. For flammability of materials covered in Sections 5 through 10, you will note there are different paths (tests) for different kinds of materials and parts. In the instances where there are optional paths (tests), the document
17、 user can choose the most economical or appropriate test for this application. 2 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted witho
18、ut license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 In using this document as a guide for determining the potential hazard of loudspeaker products, please note that all sections are interrelated and thus the whole document should be used in concert. For example: Section 1.3 indicates that goods in shipment are expose
19、d to temperatures between +65C (.50F) and -30 C (-22F) and relative humidity as high as 95%. These extremes should be considered when choosing materials that are given the flammability tests described in Section 5. 3 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA L
20、icensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 4 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing,
21、Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 1.6 Detailed Revised FlowChart of Section 5 Thru 10 5 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User
22、=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 2 Scope This document applies to any loudspeaker assembly and loudspeaker system that is: a) Designed to produce acoustic energy for any communications and entertainmen
23、t purpose through the mechanism of an electrically energized, moveable coil interposed in a permanent magnetic field. The acoustic energy is radiated into an air medium, indoors or outdoors. b) A device which does not have additional manufacturing operations performed on it before it reaches the end
24、 user. c) For home entertainment use or for commercial use. d) For use within or for connection to equipment containing an electronic power amplifier. See Par. Tests described within this document are to be performed on products which have the same physical properties of materials and the same mecha
25、nical characteristics as the product to be marketed. This document applies to a loudspeaker assembly or loudspeaker system designed to handle 15 watts continuous and over, however a manufacturer may use this document for testing a speaker(s) rated less than 15 watts. 3 Glossary 3.1 Accessible Part A
26、part located so it can be contacted by a person, either directly or by means of a probe or a tool, or not recessed an adequate distance behind an opening. A probe is an instrument used to determine the accessibility of an energy hazard. It is suggested you see the Glossary of UL 4192 for “Accessible
27、 Part“ for its reference to probe/tool/distance. 3.2 Enclosure All parts of the loudspeaker system exclusive of electrical wiring, electrical components, acoustical radiating elements and cover material that are intended to be user removable. This definition encompasses baffles but not grille cloth.
28、 3.3 Energy Hazard Hazardous energy is defined to cover risks of fire, electric shock, or injury to persons. 3.4 Entire Mounted System Includes the Mounting System as defined below. Additionally included is (a) means of the attachment (i.e. fasteners and anchors) as well as the portion of the mounti
29、ng surface (i.e. dry wall, wood panel, studs and joists) to which the mounting means is attached and (b) that portion of the mounted equipment (i.e wood, plastic, metal to which its mounting means is attached (i.e. wood screws, captive female threaded inserts . 3.5 Flammability Classifications and H
30、ot-Wire Ignition The flammability classifications cited in this document, such as 94HB, 94HBF and 94V-2, are described in the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, UL 94. The test for Resistance of Ignition From
31、 Hot-Wire is given in the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Standard for Polymeric Materials-Short Term Evaluations, UL 746A. Resistance to ignition is measured in seconds. 6 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing
32、, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-636 Many manufacturers list flammability ratings and hot-wire ignition times and assign Performance Level Class ratings (PLC ratings per UL 746A and UL 746C for their polymeric
33、materials on their data sheets. 3.6 Hazardous Voltage Hazardous voltage may be considered to be a voltage exceeding 42.4 V peak or d.c., or 30 VRMS accompanied by sufficient current . 3.7 Horn Type Loudspeaker An electroacoustic transducer for sound generation, which utilizes a rigid, horn-like body
34、 to couple the radiating element(s to the medium. 3.8 Live Part A conductive part carrying, or having the potential to carry, voltage, power or current of sufficient magnitude that the part is of concern with respect to the risk of shock considerations expressed in this document. This does not inclu
35、de leads and voice coil on a loudspeaker and its cone. 3.9 Loudspeaker An electroacoustic transducer for sound generation without added enclosures, baffle, or electrical or mechanical elements to modify performance or for attachment of associated components. Included are direct radiating and horn ty
36、pe loudspeakers with mounting provisions. 3.10 Loudspeaker Assemblies One or more loudspeakers on a single mounting frame, with attached electrical or mechanical elements to modify performance, but excluding an enclosure or baffle. Included are horn type loudspeakers with electrical or mechanical el
37、ements for performance or attachments. . 3.11 Loudspeaker Systems One or more loudspeakers or loudspeaker assemblies in an enclosure or baffle, with any acoustical, electrical or mechanical elements necessary for intended performance. Included are horn type loudspeakers with acoustical, electrical o
38、r mechanical elements required for performance as a system. 3.12 Mounting System A combination of hardware components and/or fasteners assembled together into an autonomous mounting system, which provides the interface between the mounting surface (i.e. walls and ceilings and the equipment attached
39、to it. See Entire Mounted System #3.3 above. 3.13 Protective Device A device used for the purpose of overload protection. It includes such devices as fuse, manual- reset or automatic-reset over current device, fusible resistor, loudspeaker overload protective device (LOPD which is a form of a lamp,
40、thermister, or other current or voltage inhibiting devices. 3.14 User Replaceable and User Serviceable A component of the product, such as a fuse or grille, which can be easily and repeatedly removed and replaced by the user without tools. Also, a component that can be serviced, cleaned or adjusted
41、by the user without tools. Coins are not considered as tools. 7 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 20:41:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I
42、HS -,-,- CEA-636 4 Environmental Conditioning Environmental conditions may possibly affect the results of some tests in this document. Where such is the case it may be advisable to environmentally condition the respective product, assembly, or components prior to testing. It is suggested environment
43、al conditioning be at least 48 hours at a temperature of 23OC and a relative humidity of 50%, prior to testing. If materials are used which could be affected in any way by temperature or humidity extremes, such as -30C(-22F) , +65C(150F , or as high as 95% relative humidity, or their combinations, i
44、t is suggested that the product be tested at the anticipated extreme. (See Section 13) Material Flammabilitv 5 General Flammability Characteristics As an absolute minimum all materials should have flammability characteristics that are less flammable than cellulose nitrate. 5.1 Materials or parts tha
45、t could be ignited from either internal or external potential sources of thermal or electrical ignition, should be given the test in 5.3. Some examples of internal potential ignition sources are; protective devices, resistors, lamps, terminals, internal wiring, crossover networks, their assemblies,
46、and components. Some examples of potential external ignition sources are; terminals (when a connection is too resistive), and a flame, candle, or cigarette which may inadvertently come in contact with the product. (Option 1) As a rough guide, Table 5.1 may be used for choosing materials and parts in
47、 an attempt to meet the test of 5.3. Following Table 5.1 will usually result in a product that passes test 5.3. Enclosures: The flammability characteristics of the enclosure material and its parts should meet the test of 5.3; Table 5.1 may be used as a rough guide for choosing the enclosure material
48、 and its parts. The shock considerations of the enclosures are covered in Section 11 and mechanical in Section 13. Exception No.1: The soft parts of a loudspeaker such as its cone, dust cap and spider, which may contact the voice coil or its leads are excluded from the requirements of 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3. Flammability of these part