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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 5538:2004 Milk and milk products Sampling Inspection by attributes ICS 67.100.01 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5538:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standa
2、rds Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 December 2004 BSI 9 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 44990 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 5538:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 7037-1:1988 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparatio
3、n was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/5, Milk and milk products, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in th
4、is document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a co
5、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals
6、 for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 20, an inside back cover and a back co
7、ver. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference numbers ISO 5538:2004(E
8、) IDF 113:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL NATSDRAD ISO 5835 FDI 113 noceSde doitin 1-400210-2 Milk and milk products Sampling Inspection by attributes Lait et produits laitiers chantillonnage Contrle par attributs Referecne unbmers OSI :8355)E(4002 DI:311 F002)E(4 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5538 IDF 113 Secon
9、d edition 2004-12-01 dna kliM klim rpudo stc maSp gnil cepsnIoitn by taubirttse tiaL te rpudosti ltiareis citnahllnnogaC ertnoel rap rttastubi BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy
10、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iii Contents Forewordiv Introduction .vi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Sampling plans2 5 Selection of sampling plan.2 5.1 Classification of defects.2 5.2 Choice of inspectio
11、n level and AQL3 6 Records4 7 Selection of units 4 Annex A (normative) Statistical theory 11 Annex B (normative) Critical defects .12 Annex C (informative) Drawing of samples .14 Bibliography .20 BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
12、olled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
13、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
14、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical c
15、ommittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall n
16、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5538IDF 113 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 5, Milk and milk products, and the International Dairy Federation (IDF), in collaboration with AOAC International. It is being published
17、 jointly by ISO and IDF and separately by AOAC International. This edition of ISO 5538IDF 113 cancels and replaces ISO 5538:1987, of which it constitutes a minor revision. Only editorial changes have been made. BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:0
18、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Foreword IDF (the International Dairy Federation) is a worldwide federation of the dairy sector with a National Committee in every member country. Every National Committee has the right to be represented on the IDF Standing Committees carrying out the technical w
19、ork. IDF collaborates with ISO and AOAC International in the development of standard methods of analysis and sampling for milk and milk products. Draft International Standards adopted by the Action Teams and Standing Committees are circulated to the National Committees for voting. Publication as an
20、International Standard requires approval by at least 50 % of the National Committees casting a vote. ISO 5538IDF 113 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 5, Milk and milk products, and the International Dairy Federation (IDF), in collaboration with AOAC Inter
21、national. It is being published jointly by ISO and IDF and separately by AOAC International. All work was carried out by the Joint ISO/IDF/AOAC Group of Experts, Selection of samples (E26), under the aegis of its chairman, Mr D.C. Bettes (GB). This edition of ISO 5538IDF 113 cancels and replaces IDF
22、 113A:1990. Only editorial changes have been made. BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI vi Introduction The sampling theory used in this International Standard is based on classifying a unit as “good” or “defectiv
23、e”. A “good” unit is one which meets the requirements of a specification, while a “defective” unit is one which does not. It is essential that the sample be taken at random. If it is not, the sampling plans will not give the stated protection. See Annex A. BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun
24、 sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI NITERNATNOIAL STANDARD IS:8355 O4002(E) ID:311 F002(4)E 1 Milk and milk products Sampling Inspection by attributes 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies sampling plans for the inspection by attributes of mil
25、k and milk products. It is intended to be used to choose a sample size for any situation where it is required to measure the conformity to a specification of a lot of a dairy product by examination of a representative sample. 1.2 This International Standard is applicable to the sampling of all milk
26、products submitted in discrete lots, irrespective of whether the lots are from the same production. The acceptance or otherwise of any lot is a matter for the parties to a contract and is outside the scope of this International Standard. 1.3 This International Standard is intended to be used in all
27、cases where attribute sampling plans are required for a dairy product, except that if specific compositional standards, specifications or contracts include different sampling schemes, those schemes are to be used. 1.4 This International Standard is not applicable to sampling for microbiological defe
28、cts, unless otherwise agreed by the interested parties. NOTE Methods of sampling for milk and milk products are given in ISO 707. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. Fo
29、r undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2859-1:1999, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and
30、 symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms ISO 3534-2, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 3534-2 and the following apply. 3.1 acceptance quality lim
31、it AQL quality level that is the worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of lots is submitted for acceptance sampling ISO 2859-1:1999, definition 3.1.29 BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 4 Sa
32、mpling plans ISO 2859-1 describes plans for use in all situations, and gives an account of the theoretical background to the sampling tables. The plans are indexed by batch or lot size and acceptance quality limit (AQL). 5 Selection of sampling plan 5.1 Classification of defects 5.1.1 General Before
33、 selection of a sampling plan, the contract or specification shall clearly define all critical, major and minor defects in such a way that they are unambiguously understood by all users of the contract, specification or document containing or referring to the sampling plan. 5.1.2 Critical defect Thi
34、s is a defect that would make the product unacceptable. For the purposes of this International Standard, critical defects relate to the presence of toxic contaminants at a critically high level. Examples include heavy metals and pesticide residues. In this case, the method to be adopted shall be tha
35、t described in Annex B. It is necessary to decide on an acceptable risk of not detecting a certain percentage of defectives, where a defective is a unit which contains more than the critical level of the contaminant. It is impossible to guarantee freedom from contamination. 5.1.3 Major defect This i
36、s a defect that is likely to make the product unfit for use; i.e. in the case of milk and milk products, unfit for sale to the consumer. A major defect would result in the product spoiling or becoming unfit for sale or processing. Examples include a) composition defect, where this would affect keepi
37、ng quality, b) contamination with inhibitory substances, c) integrity of packaging, and d) visible contamination with dirt. Sampling plans for major defects shall be selected from the Tables using an AQL of not more than 6,5 %. 5.1.4 Minor defect This is a failure to comply with a specification, but
38、 which does not make the unit unfit for use and sale, nor cause it to spoil. Examples include a) a unit, the chemical composition or net content of which falls outside, but close to, a specification limit, and b) small abnormalities in appearance. Sampling plans for minor defects shall be selected f
39、rom Tables 1 to 24 using an AQL of not more than 10 %. BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 5.2 Choice of inspection level and AQL 5.2.1 The sampling plan shall be selected from Tables 1 to 24, using the lot siz
40、e and the agreed AQL. In these Tables, n is the sample size, Ac is the acceptance number, and Re is the rejection number. EXAMPLE For a sample size of n = 13, Ac = 0 and Re = 1, this means that if a sample of 13 units contains no defectives, the lot shall be accepted; if the sample contains 1 defect
41、ive, the lot shall be rejected. Tables 1 to 20 are derived from ISO 2859-1 and refer to Inspection Levels I, S-4, S-3, S-2 and S-1. Inspection Level I is preferred. Using any of the S plans will result in increased risks, and they shall not be used without first checking that the associated risk is
42、acceptable. Details of these risks are given in 5.2.2. 5.2.2 Inspection Levels S-4, S-3, S-2 and S-1 may be used where relatively small sample sizes are necessary and large sample risks may or must be tolerated. As a consequence of using these special levels, there is an increased probability of mak
43、ing a wrong decision. First, the consumers risk increases. This is illustrated in Tables 21 to 24. Table 21 refers to plans with an AQL of 2,5 %, Table 22 to an AQL of 4,0 %, Table 23 to an AQL of 6,5 % and Table 24 to an AQL of 10 %. Each Table contains the sample size (n) and the appropriate lot s
44、ize at the separate inspection levels, maximum number of defective units permitted in the sample, i.e. the acceptance number (Ac), minimum number of defective units required in the sample to reject the lot, i.e. the rejection number (Re), and the limiting quality (LQ). If the sample size is small, t
45、he LQ is high; if the sample size increases, the LQ is reduced at the same AQL. For example, in Table 6, the inspection plan in which the sample size is 5 and LQ = 45 % appears in all the inspection levels but only at S-1 level can all lot sizes be inspected. At the S-4 and I Inspection Levels, the
46、sample size of 5 may only be taken when the lot size does not exceed 150. The fact that the consumers risk (and at the same time the LQ) becomes smaller as the size of the inspected lot becomes greater, is justified on economic grounds. Inspection plans in which the LQ is several times greater than
47、the AQL are unsuitable for both the consumer and producer. If a lot of 35 000 units is considered, Inspection Level I would require a sample size of 125, giving an LQ of 11 % (i.e. 95 % of lots containing 11 % of defects would be rejected). S-1 would require a sample size of 5, giving an LQ of 45 %.
48、 An LQ of 45 % is so much greater than the AQL of 2,5 % that the concept of AQL has become meaningless. Furthermore, the sample of 5 would wrongly reject more than 10 % of lots containing 2,5 % of defects. Increasing the sample size increases both the protection to the consumer, and the discriminati
49、on of the sampling plan; this increased discrimination is one of the major reasons for relating sample size to lot size. Users of this International Standard will find full operating characteristics for each plan in ISO 2859-1; these relate the probability of acceptance to percent defective in the lot. BS ISO 5538:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 03:46:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 6 Records Successful operation of this type