《CEA-9-2002-R2004.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《CEA-9-2002-R2004.pdf（21页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 CEA Standard Title: Standard Method of Measurement for Phonograph Cartridges Used in Analog Disc Playback Equipment CEA-9 Date of Reaffirmation 01/2004 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resa
2、le, 03/30/2007 21:06:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE CEA Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interc
3、hangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA fro
4、m manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether the standard is to be used eith
5、er domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation wha
6、tever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This CEA Standard is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid comparison between the CEA Stan
7、dard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the appl
8、icability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project Number 1057, formulated under the cognizance of the CEA R3 Audio Systems Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2002 Technology BS 4852: Processed Disc Records and Reproducing Equipment Methods of Defining and Measu
9、ring Characteristics of Disc Record Playing Equipment. DIN 45532 NAB Standard Disc Recording and Reproducing EIA RS-211-D Processed Analog Audio Disc Records and Reproducing Equipment EIA RS-238-B Standards for Stylus Tips Used for. Disc Phonograph Record Reproducing EIA RS-425 Standards for Reprodu
10、cing Discrete Four Signal Disc Records EIA RS-461 Phonograph Pick-Ups with 1/2 Inch Mounting EIA RS-490 Standard Test Methods of Measurement for Audio Amplifiers IEC 268-3 Sound System Equipment Amplifiers IEC 263 Scales and Sizes for Plotting Frequency Characteristics and Polar Diagrams IEC 50 (806
11、) International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (Recording Reproduction of Sound and Video) 2.1.1 Reference Acquisition ANSI/EIA/CEA Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Em
12、ail IEC Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Varembe, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; Phone +41 22 919 02 11; Fax +41
13、22 919 03 00; Internet http:/www.iec.ch; Email pubinforiec.ch NAB Standards: National Association of Broadcasters, Science and Technology Department, 1771 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036; Internet http:/ww.nab.org Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA L
14、icensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:06:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-9 2 3 Definitions Phonograph Cartridge An electro-mechanical transducer, which, when actuated by the groove modulation, converts a mec
15、hanical signal input into an electrical signal output. Cantilever Assembly Also known as shank. A mechanical coupler pivoted inside the cartridge, which tracks undulations of the record groove and transmits them to the signal generating element of the cartridge. Contact Area The surface area of the
16、stylus tip, which is in contact with the record groove wall. Bearing Radius of the Stylus The radius of the curvature of the portion of the stylus tip in contact with the groove sidewalls measured in the plane parallel to the direction of the unmodulated groove at the point of contact and perpendicu
17、lar to the groove wall at the same point. (In spherical styli, the tracing radius is the same as the bearing radius.) Vertical Tracking Angle The angle between the normal to the record surface and the direction of the stylus tip motion when reproducing vertical undulations of the groove. Rake Angle
18、- The angle between the centerline of the stylus tip and the plane perpendicular“ to the record surface and the groove direction, when stylus is in the groove adjusted to a prescribed tracking force. Tracking Force - The force exerted by the stylus tip on the record in the direction perpendicular to
19、 the surface of the record. Skating Force - A vector force present in fixed-pivot tonearms resulting from the friction between the surface of the groove and the reproducing stylus and acting in a plane parallel to the surface of the record and directed toward the center of the turntable. (The magnit
20、ude of the skating force depends on the tonearm geometry, tracking force and the coefficient of friction between the stylus and the surface of the record groove.) Antiskating Force, Bias or Skating Compensation - Is the vector force applied to the tonearm in the lateral plane to conteract the skatin
21、g force (a force equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction to the skating force). Dynamic Mass of a Tonearm - The effective mass measured at and acting upon the pivot point of the antilever or shank assembly of a cartridge mounted in a properly adjusted tonearm. (This may be different for differ
22、ent planes.) Static Compliance of the Stylus - The ratio of the stylus tip deflection to a known static force applied to the stylus tip in its plane of free motion. (Compliance may vary with the direction of the stylus displacement.) Dynamic Compliance of the Stylus The ratio of stylus tip deflectio
23、n to a specified amount of alternating force applied at a specified frequency in the plane defined by the stylus tip motion. Tracking Ability - Is the property of the stylus assembly, at a specified tracking force, to respond to groove modulation of a specified amplitude and frequency and to stay in
24、 uninterrupted contact with the groove wall. Tracing Ability - The property of the stylus assembly at a specified tracking force. to reproduce the groove modulation at a specified amplitude and frequency with a specified level of distortion. Effective Tip Mass of the Stylus - Is the effective mass o
25、f the stylus-cantilever assembly measured at the stylus tip, and expressed as the .ratio of a force applied to a reproducing stylus tip to the acceleration generated by that force. Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, Us
26、er=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:06:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-9 3 Damping - Is the force which resists the motion of the stylus- cantilever assembly and it is proportional to its velocity. Interchannel Crosstalk (Separation) - Is th
27、e undesirable leakage of signal from one channel Into another expressed as a ratio of the signal level in the main channel to the signal in the other channel 4 Standard Test Conditions 4.1 Equipment Required 4.1.1 Turntable Turntable capable of rotating the test record at its appropriate speed. 4.1.
28、2 Tonearm Tonearm of appropriate mass and geometry. It is preferred that the tonearm be specified or recommended by the cartridge manufacturer. The tonearm shall be capable of maintaining the position of the cartridge within three degrees (30) of perfect tangency to the groove at all useable radii o
29、f the record. It shall also have adjustable antiskating where applicable. 4.1.3 Amplifier Amplifier with appropriate voltage gain, frequency response, input impedance, and distortion to amplify the signals produced by the cartridge and to drive test equipment and power amplifiers. 4.1.4 AC Voltmeter
30、 AC voltmeter with specified ballistics and a sensitivity capable of measuring the entire dynamic range at the full frequency spectrum of all output levels produced by the cartridge and the associated equipment. 4.1.5 Test Records Test records calibrated using methods described in ANSI Standard S4.1
31、-1960. Warpage of the records shall not exceed 0.030 inch (0.762 mm). Record material shall be vinyl base. 4.1.6 Gauges 4.1.6.1 The tracking force gauge shall be capable of measuring the force applied by the stylus, with an accuracy of 0.05g (0.5 mN). 4.1.6.2 Dynamic Skating Force Gauge The dynamic
32、skating force gauge shall be capable of showing system balance when a proper antiskating force is introduced. 4.1.7 Compliance Test Setup The vertical static compliance of the stylus may be measured using a calibrated microscope and a small mirror (see Figure 1). The dynamic compliance of the cartri
33、dge may be calculated from the low frequency resonance of the tonearm and its dynamic mass. Refer to paragraph 6.8. 4.2 Temperature and Humidity Test equipment, cartridge and records used in testing shall be exposed to a room temperature of 20C 2 and relative humidity of 50% 15% for at least-two hou
34、rs prior to and during the testing procedure. 5 Calibration of Test Equipment 5.1 Turntable The turntable shall be level so that the record surface is within 2 of the horizontal plane. The speed of rotation shall be adjusted to the appropriate speed of the test record within 0“.5%. Copyright Consume
35、r Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:06:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-9 4 5.2 Tonearm The tonearm shall be set and adjusted according to t
36、he manufacturers specifications, with the cartridge to be tested mounted in it. The mass of the tonearm-cartridge assembly may be “measured accurately only when the vertical tracking force is applied and the tonearm is adjusted to play the records (see Figure 2). The Dynamic Mass can be determined b
37、y resonating the tonearm vertically through a spring attached to the tonearm just above the location of the stylus. Once the resonance frequency of the system is found, known weights are attached to the same spring instead, and adjusted, until -the same resonant frequency is obtained (see Figure 2.
38、The sum of all calibrated weights attached to be spring is the dynamic mass of the tonearm. 5.3 Cartridge The cartridge shall be aligned to ensure lateral tangency of the cartridge to the groove at all record diameters within + 3. Vertical alignment of the pickup shall be such that the mounting surf
39、ace of the cartridge is parallel to the record surface within + 10 when the cartridge is in playing position. 5.4 Tracking Force The tracking force shall be set according to the cartridge manufacturers specifications using the tracking force gauge to verify the accuracy. 5.5 Antiskating Force The an
40、tiskating force shall be adjusted after- the tracking force is set. The proper amount of bias force or antiskating can be determined by using a skating force gauge when playing the test record selected. An alternate method for antiskating force adjustment involves using high level lateral sinewave r
41、ecording which causes mistracking and adjusting the antiskating until symmetrical mistracking or breakup of both peaks of the waveform occurs as seen on an oscilloscope. This adjustment is generally applicable to pivoted tonearms and not to the tangential tracking system. However, improper cartridge
42、 mounting and servo errors may result in a skating force. The test for skating shall be performed on tangential tracking tonearms to verify the absence of skating force. 5.6 Resistive and Capacitive Load 5.6.1 The Resistive Load The resistive load of specified value shall be verified by checking inp
43、ut impedance of the preamplifier or of the meter circuit by using an impedance bridge or signal generator of a known source impedance feeding the signal into the preamp and applying a half scale deflection method. The frequency at which the impedance shall be checked is 1 kHz (the half scale method
44、.of measuring the input impedance of an amplifier consists of feeding the input signal of 1 kHz from a very low impedance source at a signal level, adjusted so, that the output of the preamp produces a full scale reading of an ac voltmeter connected at the output. Then, the resistance decade is conn
45、ected between the generator output and the preamp input, so that the meter reading drops to half scale. The input impedance of the preamp is equal to the resistance inserted. For measurements to be accurate, capacitive component of the loading shall be minimal, preferably below 100 pF.) 5.6.2 The Ca
46、pacitive Load The capacitive load applied to the cartridge shall be equal to the value specified by the cartridge manufacturer and is the sum of all capacitances with which the cartridge is terminated, including the capacitance of the tonearm wiring, cables, connectors switches and the preamplifier
47、input circuit. Special care shall be taken in measuring the input capacitance of the preamplifier. Conventional capacitance meters may not be capable of measuring input capacitance accurately. Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/11
48、11111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:06:33 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-9 5 5.7 Plotting of Measured Results Plotting of measured results of frequency response tests and channel separation shall be drawn on semi- log paper on which one decade in frequency is equal in length to a 20 dB change in amplitude based on 10 dB per inch scale. 6 Performance Tests 6.1 Sensitivity The sensitivity of a phonograph pickup cartridge shall be derived from playing a refe