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1、CEN REPORT RAPPORT CEN CEN BERICHT CR 14379 April 2002 ICS English version Classification of toys - Guidelines This CEN Report was approved by CEN on 10 November 2001. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 52. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
2、Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue d
3、e Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CR 14379:2002 E CR 14379:2002 (E) 2 Contents Introduction.3 1Scope3 2Stages of development.3 3Toys for children under and over 36 months.4 4Indicators
4、for products not considered as toys 14 4.1Introduction .14 4.2Indicators: a toy versus not a toy14 4.3“Early learning products”.15 Annex A (informative) Explanation of stages of the development of children16 A.2.1 The development from 0 - 18 months.16 A.2.2 The development from 18 - 36 months.17 A.2
5、.3 The development from 3 - 7 years.17 A.3.1 Introduction.18 A.3.2 The sensorimotor stage (0 - 2 years)19 A.3.3 The pre-operational stage (2 - 7 years).19 A.3.4 The concrete operational stage (7 - 12 years)19 Index - Toy and toy category22 Bibliography24 List of tables Table 1 Stages of development
6、Table 2 Activity toys (Category A) Table 3 Aquatic toys (Category B) Table 4 Art and craft materials and related articles (Category C) Table 5 Audio/visual equipment (Category D) Table 6 Books with play value (Category E) Table 7 Construction toys and puzzles (Category F) Table 8 Costumes, disguises
7、 and masks (intended to imitate) (Category G) Table 9 Dolls and soft filled toys (Category H) Table 10 Experimental sets (Category I) Table 11 Functional toys (Category J) Table 12 Game sets (Category K) Table 13 Mechanical and/or electrical driven vehicles (Category L) Table 14 Play scenes and cons
8、tructed models (Category M) Table 15 Projectile toys with a launching device (Category N) Table 16 Push-along toys, pull-along toys and walking aids (Category O) Table 17 Role-playing toys (Category P) Table 18 Sand-water toys (Category Q) Table 19 Skill development toys (Category R) Table 20 Toy co
9、smetics (Category S) Table 21 Toy musical instruments (Category T) Table 22 Toy sports equipment and balls (Category U) Table 23 Toys for babies for looking at, grasping and/or squeezing (Category V) Table 24 Toys intended to bear the mass of a child (Category W) Table 25 Toys intended to be entered
10、 by a child (Category X) CR 14379:2002 (E) 3 Introduction This document (CR 14879:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 52 “Safety of toys”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. CEN/TC 52 “Safety of toys” decided in November 1998 to develop a document on classification of toys giv
11、ing guidelines for matching toy characteristics to childrens ages. Manufacturers, importers, surveillance authorities and test laboratories have an interest in a classification. This document should be read in conjunction with: EN 71-1, Safety of toys - Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties EN
12、71-2, Safety of toys Part 2: Flammability EN 71-3, Safety of toys Part 3: Migration of certain elements EN 71-4, Safety of toys Part 4: Experimental sets for chemistry and related activities EN 71-5, Safety of toys Part 5: Chemical toys (sets) other than experimental sets EN 71-6, Safety of toys Par
13、t 6: Graphical symbol for age warning labelling EN 71-7, Safety of toys - Part 7: Finger paints - Requirements and test methods (under preparation) EN 71-8, Safety of toys - Part 8: Swings, slides and similar activity toys for indoor and outdoor family domestic use (under preparation) EN-IEC 50088,
14、Safety of electric toys EN-IEC 61558, Safety of power transformers, power supply units and similar 1 Scope This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the standards for safety of toys and gives guidelines for deciding which toys are intended for children under 36 months of age and which
15、 toys are not intended for such children. The document is a broad guideline and further study is required to determine whether a particular toy is appropriate for a given age. In addition, this document gives clarification on items that are not considered as toys. Explanation of stages of the develo
16、pment of children is given in Annex A together with background information and considerations concerning safety of toys. NOTE: Only toys that on account of their function, dimensions, characteristics, properties or other cogent grounds are manifestly unsuitable for children under 36 months do not re
17、quire a warning in the context of annex IV.1 of the Toy Safety Directive. 2 Stages of development To be able to classify toys for children under and over 36 months it is important to understand childrens development stages, particularly within the 0 - 36 months age group. A rationale for this is giv
18、en in Annex A and a summary is given in table 1. CR 14379:2002 (E) 4 Table 1 Stages of development 36 months have been selected as follows: The overall dimensions of the toy (weight, volume, length and width), especially with regard to how these aspects may affect the ease of handling and operation
19、of the toy for a particular age. The number and size of the parts or components of the toy, especially in relation to what the child can be expected to handle at a particular age and what a child is likely to prefer. It should be noted that recommendations concerning product size and number of parts
20、 are approximate rather than exact. Detail should take into account both the degree of realistic detail and the representational qualities of the toy together with the childs likely concern with realism and detail at each age. Also accessories are important. Special functions may for example be whet
21、her the toy can produce special audio effects (i.e. sounds, music) or visual effects. b) Examples A few examples of toys are listed for each category. The lists are not meant to be exhaustive. The examples should not be used in isolation from the functions/characteristics given for each category. CR
22、 14379:2002 (E) 6 Table 2 Activity toys (Category A) 36 months Examples Accessories, like a sword, gun Table 9 Dolls and soft filled toys (Category H) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Simple design (except for dolls face). Soft and cuddly. Simple wearing accessories. Simple addition
23、al items (e.g. milk bottle for dolls). Washable or cleanable. Toys that make noise due to babys actions (rattle inside). Dolls with few details: eyes that open and shut, pull-string for dolls to talk or make noise, very easy to dress. Realistic accessories (meaning dolls with articulated limbs, real
24、istic proportion, specialised equipment) Examples: Dolls Washable rubber dolls. Rag dolls. Dolls with simple to use (requiring easy action) electric, electronic or mechanical equipment inside. Dolls with moving eyes, talking dolls. Dolls with a lot of accessories. Dolls with articulated limbs and ar
25、ms (hard-body dolls). Dolls with special features (mechanical, electrical or electronically activated. Fashion dolls. Paper dolls. Dolls that cry, wet, move, drink, hair that can be styled, tight fitting clothes. Action figures. CR 14379:2002 (E) 9 Table 9 Dolls and soft filled toys (Category H) (co
26、ntinued) 36 months 36 months Examples: Soft filled toys Soft toys (e.g. stuffed, plush and textile animals, soft bodied baby dolls or character dolls for holding and cuddling. Toys with simple-to-use electric, electronic or mechanical equipment inside (requiring one action). Lullaby toy which requir
27、es one child manipulation. All soft filled toys are suitable for all age grades. Table 10 Experimental sets (Category I) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics There should be no experimental sets for children under 36 months. Skill and knowledge is required for older children (see EN 71-
28、4 and 5 for additional age grading). Examples Chemical sets Electrical sets Biological sets Photographic sets Table 11 Functional toys (Category J) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics There should be no functional toys for children under 36 months. Toys where children learn a skill whe
29、re adult supervision is required. Mostly a scale model or imitation. Can contain functional sharp edges or sharp points. Examples Sewing machine Knitting set Fretwork set Toolbox for real (play) use Microscope Typewriter Table 12 Game sets (Category K) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristi
30、cs Only few pieces. Very simple game rules. Based on matching simple objects, colours, etc. Typically only one or two players. Children start to understand games. Use of letters and numbers. Strategy more complex, rules more difficult. Playing time increases when children get older. Examples Picture
31、 dominoes Simple matching games Board games Bingo Card games Concentration/reaction games CR 14379:2002 (E) 10 Table 13 Mechanical and/or electrical driven vehicles (Category L) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Simple design. Simple cause/effect. Easy to hold and grasp. Simple acces
32、sories. Limited assembly. Limited skill required for steering. Slow moving. Toys requiring more skill to operate. Skill required to steer or keep on the track. Multipart toys. Toys with detailed accessories. Realistic sounds. Child assembly tracks/roads. Detailed action vehicles or trains to be used
33、 as part of a model scene or setting. Multiple carriages. Examples Clockwork vehicles. Trains or other sets with basic track design. Trains that make noises, e.g. clicking, tooting etc. Pull-back vehicles. Track racing sets. Multifunction remote-controlled or radio- controlled vehicles. Action figur
34、es vehicles. Die-cast vehicles. Detailed train sets. Note: These vehicles are not intended to bear the mass of a child. Table 14 Play scenes and constructed models (Category M) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Large pieces. Small number of pieces. Easy to manipulate. Lightweight to
35、handle. Simple actions required to operate e.g. sound. Wide variety of accessories. Realism. Detailed working parts with or without special effects. Examples Simple shaped play set with few pieces, e.g. aeroplanes, farms, and garages. Simple set with vehicles and figures. Caricatured vehicle with si
36、mple shape. Dollhouse with some rooms, realistic details. Action/adventure sets with realistic accessories. Models with adult themes, e.g. space, military, castle themes. Toy soldiers. Detailed and realistic cars/ aeroplanes/ trains. Puppet theatre. Table 15 Projectile toys with a launching device (
37、Category N) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics There should be no projectile toys for children under 36 months. Projectile toys with or without stored energy Examples Bow and arrow. Helicopter type projectiles. Toys that eject balls. CR 14379:2002 (E) 11 Table 16 Push-along toys, pull
38、-along toys and walking aids (Category O) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Toys with wheels (big) easy to move and roll. This category is not relevant for children of 36 months and older. Examples Toys to help walking, with or without early learning games. Animals on wheels. Boats,
39、cars, ., non realistic with or without sound effect. NOTE: Push-along toys with a combined function of role-playing toys, such as a doll carriage, are classified as role- playing toys (see Table 17) Table 17 Role-playing toys (Category P) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Simple desi
40、gn. Sturdy. Simple images. Easy to hold and operate. Detailed equipment. Realistic shape and proportion. Small parts and fragile pieces. Accessories . Examples Toy telephone. Play dishes and tea sets, pots and pans. Non-folding doll carriages, doll stroller, doll shopping cart. Tools of simple shape
41、s: screw driver, hammer. Caricatured cash register with few details. Toy telephone with complicated dialling features. Elaborate tea, cooking, pastry and dishwashing sets. Dollhouses with furnishings. Elaborate doll clothing. Realistic cash register. Play money. Doll carriage, shopping cart. NOTE: R
42、ole-playing toys are for imitation of adult activities. Table 18 Sand-water toys (Category Q) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Making simple shapes. Easy to hold and operate. Simple cause/effect. More details. More functions. Examples Bucket. Sand tools with simple shapes. Watering
43、can. Plastic cars/vans. Plastic boats. Inflatable toy animals not intended to bear the weight of a child. Metal spade. Sand tools for shaping and design. Battery-operated boats/ships. Radio-controlled boats/ships. NOTE: Table 18 excludes bath toys CR 14379:2002 (E) 12 Table 19 Skill development toys
44、 (Category R) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Matching and sorting. Stacking. Easy to hold and operate. Fragile material. Creativity toys. Examples Stacking blocks. Shape sorter. Interlocking beads. Stacking pyramids. Retained /sliding beads. Shoe for lacing. Lacing card, lacing be
45、ads. Sewing kit. Jewellery kit. Modelling sets. Table 20 Toy cosmetics (Category S) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics There should be no toy cosmetics for children under 36 months. Colours, similar to ordinary make-up. Products similar to ordinary make-up products. Contains perfume.
46、Intended for adult imitation. Examples Artificial nails/ Nail decals. Mascara. Lipstick/lip gloss. Eye shadow. Blush. Perfume. Nail polish. Cosmetics for dolls. Carnival make-up. Tattoo and skin stickers. NOTE: This category includes cosmetics intended for use on the child as well as those intended
47、for use on a toy (e.g. a doll). Table 21 Toy musical instruments (Category T) 36 months 36 months Functions and characteristics Simple sound. Easy action: e.g. blow, press, shake, strike (drum). Simultaneous actions: e.g. press and blow. Realistic sound. Realistic look. Realistic functions. Examples
48、 Piano with caricatured figures. Xylophone. Maracas. Simple trumpet. Simple guitar. Drums. Keyboard, mouth organ, piano, xylophone Guitar. Trumpet. Flute. Tambourine, castanets. Drum set. CR 14379:2002 (E) 13 Table 22 Toy sports equipment and balls (Category U) 36 months 36 months Functions and char
49、acteristics Easy to hold and operate. Lightweight to handle. Increasing understanding of games. Outdoor games. Games where skill is needed: throwing, catching. Examples Soft balls. Rubber balls. Beach balls. Simple version of outdoor games. Toy versions of: Soccer/basketball/ ball Badminton set Hockey stick Jump rope Flying disks Kites Boxing gloves Trampolines Table 23 Toys for babies for looking at, grasping and/or squeezi