《CIE-S-010-E-2004.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《CIE-S-010-E-2004.pdf（23页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、CIE S 010/E:2004 Standard PHOTOMETRY - THE CIE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL PHOTOMETRY Photomtrie Le systme CIE de photomtrie physique Photometrie - Das CIE-System der physikalischen Photometrie CIE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agr
2、eement of the CIE. CIE Central Bureau, ViennaCIE S 010/E:2004 Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC:635.24 Descriptor:Photometry Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007
3、08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 ? CIE 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
4、microfilm, without permission in writing from CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 714 3187 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at Web: www.cie.co.at II? CIE 2004 - All rights reserved Copyright International Commission on
5、 Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 FOREWORD Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de l Ecla
6、irage (CIE) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standardsaretherefore a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal s
7、tandard systems. This International Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 2-35*), “CIE Standard for V(?) and V?(?)“, and was approved by the National Committees of the CIE. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORDIII INTRODUCTION1 1. SCOPE1 2. PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES1 2.1 Luminous flux1 2.2 Other q
8、uantities1 3. PHOTOMETRIC UNITS2 3.1 Candela2 3.2 Other units2 4. PHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS3 4.1 CIE Standard spectral luminous efficiency functions for photopic and scotopic vision 3 4.2 Maximum luminous efficacies for photopic and scotopic vision 3 4.3 Fundamental equations relating photometric and ra
9、diometric quantities 4 4.4 Measurement procedures4 TABLES5 Table 1. Definitive values of the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision V(?)5 Table 2. Definitive values of the spectral luminous efficiency function for scotopic vision V?(?)10 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) 14 Vocabulary of rela
10、ted terms 14 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) 16 Background to the CIE system of physical photometry 16 B.1 Evolution of the photometric base unit 16 B.2 Spectral response of the human eye 16 B.3 Supplementary remarks 17 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) 18 Bibliography18 ? CIE 2004 *) Chairman of this TC was K. D. Mielen
11、z (US), members were: J. Bastie (FR), J. L. Gardner (AU), F. Hengstberger (ZA), J. R. Moore (GB), Y. Ohno (US), A. C. Parr (US), A. R. Robertson (CA), G. Sauter (DE), J. Schanda (HU). ? CIE 2004 - All rights reservedIII Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license
12、 with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 IV? CIE 2004 - All rights reserved Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under licen
13、se with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 PHOTOMETRY - THE CIE SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL PHOTOMETRY INTRODUCTION The visual brightness of a light source depends
14、 not only on the amount of radiation it emits but also on its spectral composition and on the visual response function of the observer viewing it. Because human visual response varies at different light levels and from person to person, precise photometry requires the definition of representative st
15、andard observers. The CIE system of physical photometry specifies procedures for the quantitative evaluation of optical radiation in terms of the spectral luminous efficiency functions of two such standard observers. One, V(?), represents photopic vision and the other, V?(?), scotopic vision. Used i
16、n conjunction with the SI photometric base unit, the candela, these functions constitute a system that enables the values of photometric quantities for all types of luminous source to be precisely determined, regardless of the spectral composition of the radiation emitted. 1. SCOPE This internationa
17、l Standard specifies the characteristics of the system of physical photometry established by the CIE and accepted as the basis for the measurement of light. It defines the photometric quantities, units and standards that make up the CIE system of physical photometry and that have been officially acc
18、epted by the Comit International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM). They comprise: ?the definition of photometric quantities and units, ?the definition of CIE standard spectral luminous efficiency functions for photopic and scotopic vision, ?the definition of a CIE standard photometric observer that confo
19、rms to these functions, ?the definition of maximum luminous efficacies for photopic and scotopic vision. An informative annex provides a vocabulary of related terms. 2. PHOTOMETRIC QUANTITIES Photometric quantities are defined in the International Lighting Vocabulary (ILV) (CIE, 1987a). 2.1 Luminous
20、 flux The fundamental physical quantity used in optical radiometry is the radiant flux or radiant power,?e, measured in watts, which is emitted by a source of radiation, transmitted by a medium of propagation, or received at a surface. The corresponding photometric quantity is: luminous flux (? ?v)
21、(see ILV 845-01-25) quantity derived from radiant flux ?e by evaluating the radiation according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer The procedure for deriving ?v? from ?e? is defined in 4.3, below. 2.2 Other quantities The following are the photometric quantities that correspond
22、 to the most important radiometric quantities defined in the International Lighting Vocabulary. luminous energy (also known as quantity of light) (Qv) (see ILV 845-01-28) time integral of the luminous flux ?v over a given duration ?t ? ? ? t tQd vv ? luminous intensity (of a source in a given direct
23、ion) (Iv) (see ILV 845-01-31) quotient of the luminous flux d?v leaving the source and propagated in the element of solid angle d? containing the given direction, by the element of solid angle ? CIE 2004 All rights reserved1 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under li
24、cense with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 ?d d v v ? ?I? luminance (in a given direction, at a given point of a real or imaginary surface) (Lv) (see I
25、LV 845-01-35) quantity defined by the formula ?A L dcosd d v v ? ? ? ? where d?v is the luminous flux transmitted by an elementary beam passing through the given point and propagating in the solid angle d? containing the given direction; dA is the area of a section of that beam containing the given
26、point; ? is the angle between the normal to that section and the direction of the beam illuminance (at a point of a surface) (Ev) (see ILV 845-01-38) quotient of the luminous flux d?vincident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element A E d d v v ? ? luminous e
27、xitance (at a point of a surface) (Mv) (see ILV 845-01-48) quotient of the luminous flux d?v leaving an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element A M d d v v ? ? 3. PHOTOMETRIC UNITS 3.1 Candela The SI photometric base unit is the candela (cd), the unit of luminous
28、intensity. It was defined by the Confrence Gnrale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) in 1979 (CGPM, 1979), as follows: The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 10 12 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that directio
29、n of (1/683) watt per steradian. This definition of the candela applies equally to photopic, scotopic, and mesopic vision. 3.2 Other units The SI units of other photometric quantities can be derived from the candela and the SI units of length (m), solid angle (sr) and time (s). Thus: QuantitySymbolS
30、I Unit Luminous flux ?vlm = cdsr Luminous energy Qvcdsrs LuminanceLvcdm-2 IlluminanceEvlx = cdsrm-2 Luminous exitance Mvcdsrm-2 2? CIE 2004 - All rights reserved Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, lee
31、e Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 4. PHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS 4.1 CIE Standard spectral luminous efficiency functions for photopic and scotopic vision This Standard defines two spectralluminous efficiency fun
32、ctions for photometric measurements: - The V(?) function, which applies to photopic vision and should be used for measurements at luminance levels of at least several candelas per square metre. It is defined by the numerical values given in Table 1 of this Standard, the wavelength being measured in
33、standard air (Birch, 1994). For numerical computations, the peak value of the V(?) function should be evaluated at 555 nm exactly. Linear interpolation should be used exclusively to evaluate V(?) at wavelengths intermediate to those given in Table 1; - The V?(?) function, which applies to scotopic v
34、ision and should be used for measurements at luminance levels less than some hundredths of a candela per square metre. This function is defined by the numerical values in Table 2 of this Standard, the wavelength? again being measured in standard air. For numerical computations, the peak value of the
35、 V?(?) function should be evaluated at 507 nm exactly. Linear interpolation should be used exclusively to evaluate V?(?) at wavelengths intermediate to those given in Table 2. An ideal observer having a relative spectral responsivity curve that conforms to the V(?) function for photopic vision or th
36、e V?(?) function for scotopic vision, and that complies with the summation law implied in the definition of luminous flux, is known as a CIE standard photometric observer. The CIE has not, so far, defined standard spectral luminous efficiency functions for the mesopic region, intermediate between th
37、e ranges of photopic and scotopic vision. 4.2 Maximum luminous efficacies for photopic and scotopic vision The V(?) and V?(?) functions defined in this Standard supplement the 1979 candela definition in a manner that, taken together, these definitions constitute a rational system of physical photome
38、try which ?correlates the radiant power of broadband radiation acting upon the human visual system with the physiological characteristics of the latter, ?is consistent with visual experience for photopic and scotopic vision, ?establishes precisely defined numerical relationships between radiometric
39、and photometric quantities. Based on the following definitions and considerations, these numerical relationships are defined by equations (1) to (4), below. luminous efficacy (for monochromatic radiation of wavelength ?) K(? ?) and K?(? ?) Quotient of the luminous flux ?v by the corresponding radian
40、t flux ?e ? ? ?(for photopic vision) (1) 1 e v m Wlm ? ? ? ? ?VKK ? ? ? 1 e v m Wlm ? ? ? ? ?VKK?(for scotopic vision) (2) where the maximum values of K(?) and K?(?) are denoted by Km and K?m so that Km= K(555 nm) and K?m = K?(507 nm). The frequency 540 x 1012 Hz corresponds to a wavelength of 555,0
41、16 nm in standard air and it follows from the candela definition that K(555,016 nm) = K?(555,016 nm) = 683 lmW-1. Therefore, according to equations 1 and 2, Km = 683 lmW-1 / V(555,016 nm) = 683,002 lmW-1 (3) K?m = 683 lmW-1 / V?(555,016 nm) = 1700,05 lmW-1 (4) For all practical photometric applicati
42、ons, Km can be taken as equal to 683 lmW-1 and K?m as equal to 1700 lmW-1. ? CIE 2004 - All rights reserved3 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:44:49 MSTNo reproduct
43、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE S 010/E:2004 4.3 Fundamental equations relating photometric and radiometric quantities The method for implementing the definition of luminous flux given in 2.1 is based on equations (1) to (4), above. If the luminous flux in question per
44、tains to photopic vision, it is related to the corresponding spectral concentration of radiant flux by the equation ? ? ? d 0 e,mv VK? ? ? (5) and the corresponding relation for scotopic vision is ? ? ? d 0 e,mv VK? ? ? (6) In these equations Km and K?m are defined by equations (3) and (4) above and
45、 V(?) and V?(?) are defined by Tables 1 and 2 of this Standard. Equations (5) and (6) are fundamental to the CIE system of physical photometry. 4.4 Measurement procedures In practice, the spectral weighting required by equations (5) and (6) can be realized by means of absolutely calibrated, V(?) or
46、V?(?) corrected detectors that conform to the definition of the CIE standard photometric observer. In such cases, the integrations specified are performed by the detector itself. The evaluation of photometers designed to measure light is dealt with in the Publication CIE 69 1987, Methods of Characte
47、rizing Illuminance Meters and Luminance Meters (CIE, 1987b). Alternatively, it is possible to make spectroradiometric measurements (CIE, 1984) and obtain the required integrals by numerical computation from the spectroradiometric data. In this case, the integrations usually take the form of numerica
48、l summations over the visible spectrum. The tabulated values of V(?) and V?(?) at 1 nm intervals are normally sufficient for this purpose, but if intermediate values are required, these should be obtained from the tabulated values by linear interpolation. In this Standard, values are given for the photopic standard observer V(?) over the spectral range from 360 nm to 830 nm (Table 1) and for the scotopic standard observer V?(?) over the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm (Table 2). The CIE does not d