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1、CIE 77 88 I 7006345 0003442 b5b COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMM ISSION ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES STATE OF THE ART 1987 PUBLICATION CIE No 77 (1988) Photocopy Edition 1990 ZENTRAL BUREAU OF THE CIE A - 1030 VIENNA, Kegelgass
2、e 27 - AUSTRIA Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 A A 900bL45 0003443 592 This
3、 Technical Report has been Division 7 General Aspects of L the C o m m i ssi on Internati onal e II prepared by CIE Technical Committee 7-02 ghting and has been approved by the Counci de 1 Ecl ai rage for study and appl i cati on. document reports on current knowledge and experience within the speci
4、fic f of of The el d o f l i g h t and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE member- ship and other interested parties. I t should be noted, however, t h a t the status o f this document is advisory and not mandatory. The latest CIE proceedings or Journal should be consulted rega
5、rding possible subsequent amendments. C e rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 7-02 de l a Division 7 Aspects gnraux de lclairage et a et6 approuv par le Conseil de la Comnission Internationale de 1 Eclairage, pour tude et application. Le document traite des connaissances courantes
6、 et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de la lumire et de lclairage, et il est tabli pour lusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresss. I1 faut cepen- dant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcen
7、ts comptes rendus ou le Journal de la CIE. Dieser Technische Bericht ist v o m CIE-Technischen Komitee 7-02 der Division 7 Al lgemeine Aspekte der Beleuchtung ausgearbeitet und vom Rat der Commission Internationale de 1Eclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigen Stand von
8、Wissen und Erfahrung in d e m behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; es ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. is soll te jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift i st. Di e neuesten CIE-Tagungs- berichte oder das n
9、eueste CIE-Journal sollten i m Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehens
10、ive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obglei
11、ch groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen b i s zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, daR diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 1988 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=lee
12、e, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 B B 9006145 0003YYY Y29 III The following members of T.C.7-02 (Sources) took part i n the p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s report. Division 7 (General Aspects of Lighting) The
13、 Committee comes under. CIE U, Amlong P. Baxter D, Blanc A. Bouwknegt H. Csapody L. D i F r a i a D. Dimitrov M. Gandolfo W. Gunqle J. Hormio A. Jack J. Juntunen T. Kanoh K. Karlsson W. Mathis Y. Matsushima A. Mendel M. Neurnannova D. Nikolov D. P l a t t M. Plaza H, Prochazka M. San Martin B. Schai
14、in D. Seeger J. S u l l i v a n M, Urculo M. van de Weijer F. Whittaker DDR Aus trai i a France Netherlands (Radiation Sources) Hungary Italy Bulgaria Spain U.S.A, (Light Sources) Finland Netherlands ( S e c r e t a r y ) Finland Japan Finland S w i t zerl and Japan Canada Czechoslovakia Bulgar i a
15、B r i t a i n Spain A u s t r i a Spain F i n l a n d ( E l e c t r o n i c Devices) FRG ( S t a n d a r d i z a t i o n ) R . S . A . Spain Netherlands (Chairman) B r i t a i n Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001
16、, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 88 OObLY5 00034Y5 3b5 IV Con ten t s L i g h t Sour ces Trends i n t h e Development of Incandescent L i g h t Sources 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n 1.1 General S e r v
17、 i c e Incandescent Lamps 1.1.1. New Developments i n General Service Lamps 1.1.2. Classic Wedge Base Lamp (Motor Car) Deve 1 opme n t s 1.2 Tungsten Halogen Incandescent Lamp 1.2.1. New Developments i n Tungsten Halogen Lamps 1.2.2. New Developments i n Tungsten Halogen Automotive Lamps Re f e re n
18、 c e s Trends i n t h e Development of Low P r e s s u r e Discharge Light Sources 2. I n t r o d u c t i o n 2.1. F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp 2.1.1. F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp Phosphor Development 2.1.2. F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp Discharge Development 2.1.3. New F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp Designs 2
19、.1.4. Compact F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp Development 2.1.5. Compact F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp Experimental 2.1.6. F l u o r e s c e n t Lamp behaviour on specific C t ud ies e l e c t r o n i c circuits 2.2. Low P r e s s u r e Sodium Lamps R e fer e n ces 2.2. i . Low P r e s s u r e Sodium Lamp D
20、evelopment Trends i n t h e Development of High I n t e n s i t y Discharge L i g h t S o u r c e s 3. I n t r o d u c t i o n 3.1. High P r e s s u r e Mercury Lamps 3.2. Metal Halide Lamps 3.1.1. Development i n High P r e s s u r e Mercury Lamps 3.2.1. Development i n Metal Halide Lamps 3.2.2. La
21、mp on s p e c i a l C i r c u i t r y 3.2.3. Fundamental S t u d i e s of Metal Halide Lamps 3.3.1. Developments of High P r e s s u r e Sodium Lamps 3.3. High P r e s s u r e Sodium Lamp Re f e r e n c e s S umma ry Page 1-1 Page 1-1 Page 1-1 Page 1-3 Page 1-3 Page 1-3 Page 1-5 Page 1-6 Page 1-9 Pa
22、ge 1-9 Page 1-9 Page 1-12 Page 1-12 Page 1-12 Page 1-13 Page 1-13 Page 1-13 Page 1-16 Page 1-17 Page 1-22 Page 1-22 Page 1-22 Page 1-27 Page 1-27 Page 1-28 Page 1-28 Page 1-28 Page 1-28 Page 1-30 Page 1-34 Overview T a b l e s Page 1-35 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by
23、IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 88 900bL45 000344b 2TL Radiation Sources i . I n t r o d u c t i o n 2. Sources based on Incandescent Lamp
24、s 3. Discharge Lamps 3.1. Sources based on Low P r e s s u r e Discharges 3.1.1. The Low P r e s s u r e Mercury Discharge 3.1.2. F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps 3.1.3. L o w P r e s s u r e Xenon Lamps 3.1.4. Non-conventional Low P r e s s u r e Discharge Lamps 3.2. Sources based on High P r e s s u r
25、e Discharges 3.2.1. The High P r e s s u r e and Super High P r e s s u r e 3.2.2. The Metal Halide Discharge Lamp 3.2.3. Non-conventional Operation of High P r e s s u r e Mercury Discharges 3.2.4. High P r e s s u r e Xenon Lamps Mercury Discharge 4. A p p l i c a t i o n s 4.1. Lamps considered 4
26、 . 2 . Application a r e a s considered Re f e r en ce s T a b l e s E l e c t r o n i c Device s 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n 2. Electronic Starters and I g n i t o r s f o r Discharge Lamps 2.1. Electronic S t a r t i n g Devices f o r F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps 2.1.1. Classification 2.1.2. A p p l
27、 i c a t i o n s 2.2.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n 2.2.2. A p p l i c a t i o n s 2.3.1. The I g n i t o r for t h e Low P r e s s u r e Sodium 2.2. I g n i t o r s f o r High P r e s s u r e Discharge Lamps 2.3. I g n i t o r s for Low P r e s s u r e Discharge Lamps Lamp Page 2-1 Page 2-2 Page 2-
28、2 Page 2-3 Page 2-3 Page 2-3 Page 2-9 Page 2-10 Page 2-10 ?age 2-10 Page 2-11 Page 2-14 Page 2-14 Page 2-15 Page 2-15 Page 2-16 Page 2-17 Page 2-18 Page 3-4 Page 3-4 Page 3-4 Page 3-5 Page 3-7 Page 3-7 Page 3-7 Page 3-9 Page 3-9 Page 3-9 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by
29、 IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 88 7006145 0003447 138 = VT 3. E l e c t r o n i c C i r c u i t s a s Mains Connection Devices f o r L i
30、 g h t and R a d i a t i o n Sources 3.1. E l e c t r o n i c Ballasts for F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps f o r u s e o n Mains Voltage AC (50/60Hz) 3.1.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n 3.1.2. EM1 C o n s i d e r a t i o n s 3.1.3. A p p l i c a t i o n s Discharge Lamps P r e s s u r e Discharge Lamps 3
31、.3.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n 3.3.2. A p p l i c a t i o n s Incandescent Lamps 3.4.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n 3.4.2. Appl ica t ions 3.2. E l e c t r o n i c Ballasts for o t h e r Low P r e s s u r e 3.3. E l e c t r o n i c Mains c o n n e c t i o n C i r c u i t s f o r High 3.4. E l e c
32、 t r o n i c Power S u p p l i e s f o r Low Voltage Halogen 3.5. E l e c t r o n i c Ballasts for Other R a d i a t i o n S o u r c e s Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 3-1 O 3-1 O 3-1 O 3-1 6 3-1 8 3-19 3-20 3-20 3-22 3-22 3-23 3-23 3-24 4. E l e c t r o n i c C i r
33、 c u i t s for Operation of F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps Page 3-24 from o t h e r t h a n Mains Sypply Sources 4.1. T r a n s i s t o r i z e d Ballasts f o r F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps for Page 3-24 u s e on Low Voltage DC 4.1.1. A p p l i c a t i o n Page 3-24 4.2. Emergency L i g h t i n g Units
34、w i t h I n t e r n a l B a t t e r y Page 3-25 c h a r g e C i r c u i t s 4.2.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n Page 3-25 4.2.1. Applications Page 3-26 5. Dimming Devices 5.1. Dimming Devices for Incandescent Lamps 5.1.1. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n 5.1.2. A p p l i c a t i o n s 5.2.1. C l a s c i f
35、 i c a t i o n 5.2.2. Appl ica t ions 5.3.1. Classification 5.3.2. A p p l i c a t i o n s 5.2. Dimming Devices for F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps 5.3. Dimming Devices for High P r e s s u r e ( H I D ) 5 . 4 . The Low P r e s s u r e Sodium Lamps 6 . Control System 6.1. C o n t r o l S t r a t e g y 6
36、.2. Control P r i n c i p l e s 6.3. S i g n a i Transmission Page Page Page Page Page Page Lamps Page Page Page Page Page 3-26 3-26 3-26 3-27 3-27 3-27 3-32 3-32 3-32 3-33 3-33 Page 3-34 Page 3-34 Page 3-35 Page 3-35 7. Conclusion Page 3-36 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provide
37、d by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 88 E 7006345 0003448 074 VI I Standard i z a t i o n I n t r o d u c t i o n Page 4-1 L i s t of used
38、 IEC-standards for lamps, ballasts and Page 4-3 r e l a t e d components and of s t a n d a r d s j u s t i n p r e p a r a t i o n Detailed Report on t h e State of t h e A r t of S t a n d a r d i z a t i o n 1. GLS Tungsten Filament Lamps 2. Tungsten Halogen Lamps (non-vehicle) 3 . Vehicle Lamps
39、4. Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 5. High I n t e n s i t y Discharge Lamps 6. B a l l a s t s and Starters f o r Tubular F l u o r e s c e n t Lamps 7. B a l l a s t s f o r High I n t e n s i t y Discharge Lamps 8. Components f o r Discharge Lamps 9. Infra-red Emitters 10. Supplementary P u b l i c a t
40、 i o n s Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 4-5 4-5 4-8 4-10 4-1 3 4-17 4-19 4-22 4-24 4-25 4-28 Annex: S t a t u s d e s i g n a t i o n codes for IEC d r a f t s t a n d a r d s Page 4-29 used i n t h i s report Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS
41、 under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 77 88 W OObL45 0003449 TOO VI11 Electric light sources - State of the art-1987 Summary This quadrennial report c
42、overs the period 1982 to 1986. It describes the state of the art with respect to light sources, radiation sources and electronic devices used in connection with such sources. Standardization of light sources, radiation sources and electronic devices is also covered. The application of light sources
43、and radiation sources is briefly summarized in table form. Stand des Wissens der elektrischen Lichtquellen-1987 Zusammenfassung Dieser Vierjahresbericht umfat die Periode 1982 bis 1986 und beschreibt den neuesten Stand des Wissens auf dem Gebiet der Lichtquellen, Strahlungsquellen und elektronischen
44、 Hilfsgerten, die im Zusammenhang mit diesen Quellen benutzt werden. Die Normung von Lichtquellen, Stahlungsquellen und elektronischen Hilfsgeraten wird auch behandelt. Die Anwendung von Lichtquellen und Strahlungsquellen wird knapp in Form von Tabellen dargestellt. Ltat de lart des sources lumineus
45、es lectriques-1987 Rsum Ce rapport quadriennal couvre le priode de 1982 jusqu 1986 et decrit ltat de lart lgard des sources lumineuses, sources de radiation et appareils lectroniques utiliss en combinaison avec ces sources. En outre, ce rapport dcrit la normalisation de sources lumineuses, sources d
46、e radiation et appareils lectroniques. Dans une table on peut trouver un rsum de lapplication des sources lumineuses et des sources de radiation. Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale
47、, 11/24/2007 07:31:51 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 1. CIE i 7 88 I I 9006345 0003450 722 W 1-1 ELECTRIC LIGET SOURCES PART I - TRENDS I N THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCANDESCENT LIGBT SOURCES ntroduc t ion The incandescent lamp is t h e oldest of t h e major elec
48、tric l i g h t source families. The v i a b i l i t y o f t h i s source over t h e years is a consequence of its many advantages and r e l a t i v e l y f e w disadvantages. Simplicity, low cost construction, and e x c e l l e n t colour r e n d i t i o n are major attributes of t h i s class of l i g h t source. 1.1. General Service Incandescent Lamp The general s e r v i c e lamp, a major subdivision o