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1、COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERN Ail ON ALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOM MISSION GUIDE FOR THE PHOTOMETRIC SPECIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SPORTS LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS PUBLICATION CIE N O 67 (1986) CENTRAL BUREAU OF THE CIE A-1033 VIENNA, P. O. BOX 169 - A
2、USTRIA Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 67 A b m 9006345 0002873 393 This Techn
3、ical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee TC-4.4 (within the former CIE structure) and has been approved by CIE Division 5 and the Council of the Commission Internationale de 1Eclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the spec
4、ific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested parties. In the case of this Guide it is expected that it will be used as a basis for national and international Recommendations or Codes of Practice. It should be noted, however, that t
5、he status of this document is advisory and not mandatory. The latest CIE proceedings or Journal should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lis
6、ts, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. 0 CIE 1986 II Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitt
7、ed without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 67 Bb I 9006145 0002872 02T W This report was prepared by Technical Committee 4.4. Members of Technical Committee 4.4: S. Burrage (W.R.C. Bennett from 1976/80) H. Prochazka M. Philippot (M. Hennaux from 1976/80) N. Vassilev S .W. McKnight S. Raso J. Gudum (I. Ov
8、esen from 1976/80) E. Kasurinen 3 . Valin H. Schubert C.H.Zieseniss (A. Wald from 1976/80) R.C. Aldworth, Chairman P. Gergely M. Sand R. Grandi T. Saitow J.J. Balder J. Ringen M. Wierzbowski D. Mendes I. Maior B. Lester (W. Wilmans from 1976/80) J.M. Rivero T. Gabrielsson (B. Persson from 1976/80) T
9、.M. Lemons G.R. Chahparunians R. Paligoric Austral ia Austria Belgium Bulgar ia Canada Czechoslovakia Denmark Finland Franc e German Dem. Rep. Germany, Fed. Rep. Great Britain Hung ar y Israel I t a l y Japan Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Rumania South Africa Spain Sweden U.S.A. US SR Yugo s 1
10、av ia III Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 67 86 I 9006345 O002873 Tbb i TABLE
11、OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Objectives 2. SPECIFICATION OF LIGHTING PERFORMANCE Page 1 1 1 3. SPECIFICATION OF GRIDS FOR CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT 2 3.1. General case 2 3.2. Preferred method for vertical plane illuminance determination 5 3.3. Alternatives to vertical plane illuminance 5 3.5.
12、Grids for tracks 8 3.6. Interior installations 9 3.4. Grids for football pitches and stadia 8 4 . SITE ILLUMINANCE SURVEYS 4.1. Measuring equipnent 4.2. Measurement record 5. EVALUATION OF CALCULATED OR MEASURED RESULTS 5.1. Average horizontal plane illuminance 5.2. Average vertical plane illuminanc
13、e 5.3. Uniformity ratio 5.4. Regulation for special measurement values 9 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 IV Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or netwo
14、rking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Summary. The purpose of this report is to establish standard procedures for calculation, measurement and reporting of the i l l a i n a n c e characteristics of interior and exterior sports lighting installations. By t h i s means it w i l l be possible
15、 t o compare the performance of alternative lighting systems on a common basis at the design stage of the project, and relate t h i s directly to the illuminance measurements made on site under the completed lighting installation. A number of alternative approaches are given, i n order t o allow the
16、 user or specifier to select a procedure suited to a particular project. Rsum. Ce guide a pour but dtablir des procdures standardises pour les calculs , les mesures et les relevs des caractristiques lunineuses des installations dclairage lintrieur et lextrieur des installations sportives. Ainsi il s
17、era possible de comparer les performances de plusieurs systmes dclairage, sur des bases identiques, lors de l a conception dun projet et de v r i f i e r le rsultat obtenu, sur le site, par des mesures effectues sur linstallation ralise. Plusieurs cas sont considers, de facon permettre lutilisateur
18、ou au demandeur, de choisir l a procdure spcifique adopter. Zusannnenfassune. In diesem Bericht werden Standardvorschlge fr die Berechnung, Messung und Beschreibung der Innen- und Aussenbeleuchtung von Sporthallen und Sportplkze gemacht, Hierdurch wird es mglich, verschiedene Beleuchtungssysteme i m
19、 Planungsstadium auf einer gemeinsamen Basis zu vergleichen und d i e Ergebnisse direkt durch Messung i n der fertiggestellten Anlage zu kontrollieren. Es werden verschiedene Vorschlge gemacht, d i e es dem Betreiber oder Planer ermbglichen, fr ihn spezifisch geeignete Verfahren fr ein spezielles Pr
20、ojekt zu whlen. V Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 1. INTRODUCTION Most performance
21、 specifications for the lighting of interior and exterior sports areas are drawn up in terms of: a. Horizontal plane illuminance (Eh) b. Vertical plane illuminance (Ev) c. Uniformity of illuminance over one or more of these planes d. Ratio of average Eh to E, The usual design process involves the ca
22、lculation of these values for alternative lighting systems so that their performance can be compared and evaluated. Once it i s established that a number of different lighting systems w i l l meet the illuminance criteria, it is necessary to select the preferred system depending upon various factors
23、 which could include i n i t i a l and running costs, practical installation and maintenance considerations, and so on. Having,made a final choice and completed the installation, it i s usually necessary to carry out illuminance measurements on site to ensure that the original design specification h
24、as been satisfied. 1.1. Objectives The purpose of t h i s Guide is to establish standard procedures for calcu- lation, measurement and reporting of the illuminance characteristics of interior and exterior sports lighting installations. By t h i s means it w i l l be possible to compare the performan
25、ce of alternative lighting systems on a common basis a t the-design stage of the project, and relate t h i s directly to the illuminance measurements made on site under the completed lighting installation. A number of alternative approaches is given, in order to allow the user or. specifier to selec
26、t a procedure suited to a particular project. 2. SPECIFICATION OF LIGHTING PERFORMANCE It is usual to specify the average illuminance values for an area. I f t h i s involves only the average horizontal plane illuminance, t h i s can simply be arrived a t by calculating the proportion of total lamp
27、flux Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- reaching the area, either directly or includi
28、ng inter-reflection, divided by the total area to be illuminated. However, i n most cases the performance specification w i l l also c a l l for: a. Uniformity r a t i o of Eh b. Vertical plane illuminance (E,) c. Uniformity r a t i o of E, d. The measurement of the illuminance provided by the final
29、 instal Lat ion. In a l l these cases it is necessary to calculate and measure the i l l u m i - nance a t a number of points forming a regular grid over a representative part o r the complete area. The “accuracy of the calculations or measure- ments of average illuminance and uniformity is dependan
30、t on the number of points considered. Generally, the accuracy w i l l improve as the number of points increases. However, beyond a certain point the accuracy does not increase significantly; the work involved in calculation and measure- ment becomes excessive and the larger quantities of data are mo
31、re d i f f i c u l t to assess and analyse. By following these recommendations, an acceptable degree of accuracy can be achieved without involving an excessive amount of calculation and measurement work. It is assumed, however, that for a l l but very small sports areas, the calculations w i l l nor
32、mally be carried out with the aid of computers. The amount of calculation work can be reduced in the case of completely symmetrical areas and lighting layouts as only a half or a quarter of the area need to be considered. 3. SPECIFICATION OF GRIDS FOR CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT 3.1. General case Th
33、e sports area for interior as w e l l as exterior installations should be divided into rectangular areas, the illuminance being measured or calculated at the centre of each rectangle. For a point by point comparison of the calculated and the measured illuminance values, the grid layout for each shou
34、ld be identical. 2 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE b7 8b P 9006145 0002877 bo1
35、 W 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20(x1000) Sports area (m*) FIG. 1 Figure 1 gives an approximate indication of the practical number of grid points to be considered, depending on the size of the area. The final number chosen should be the multiple of the number o
36、f points along the length and the width of the rectangle enclosing or coinciding with the boundaries of the area t o be illuminated. In the case of irregular shaped areas, or where there are curved tracks, points within the enclosing rectangle, which f a l l outside the main area can be ignored. It
37、is preferable that each grid area should be approximately square. A rough check may be made with fewer grid points. To obtain an accurate indication of average illuminance, the values at the centre of each grid square, shown in figure 2, should be considered. The same result can be achieved i f the
38、grid is displaced half a square along and down, as shown i n figure 3. In t h i s case the calculated or measured values occur at the grid intersections and therefore relate directly to the constructed grid. When information on fall-off at the boundaries i s required, the grid can be extended by one
39、 increment outside the main grid as shown by the dotted line i n figure 3. The illuminance obtained at the additional grid points should not be included in the calculation of average illuminance. 3 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS
40、Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CIE 67 86 9006345 0002878 548 m FIG.2 4 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS Employees/
41、1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- By considering the individual grid point values of illuminance, the uniformity ratio (U) i s best defined as the ratio of the minimum illuminance and the average
42、value. - %in u1 - E, Alternatively, uniformity can also be considered as the ratio of EORin - %in u* - - Emax In some cases the rate of change of illuminance with distance, or the illuminance gradient, is specified. Although a smaller sub-grid can be constructed to examine the local illuminance grad
43、ient in more detail, it is usually sufficient to interpolate from the main grid data, assuming that the rate of change of illuminance between points is linear. Strictly speaking Eh should be taken a t ground level and at a specified height between 1 and 1,5 m. This should be the same at all position
44、s. However, for the convenience and comfort of those carrying out a measurement survey the horizontal and vertical plane illuminances are usually calculated and measured at 1 m above the ground. For mounting heights greater than 10 m the difference between Eh at ground level and at 1 m is unlikely t
45、o be significant. 3.2. Preferred method for vertical plane illuminance determination The orientation of the planes to determine the vertical plane illuminance is the same for a l l sports areas, namely parallel to the four side lines of the sports area, (e.g. figure 4 , sides A, B, C and D). From th
46、is it w i l l be seen that it is often necessary to calculate and measure one horizontal plane and four vertical plane illuminance values at each grid point. Figure 5 shows how these values may be recorded conveniently and clearly and relate to a scale plan of the sports area. 3.3. Alternatives to v
47、ertical plane illuminance There are certain variations in national specifications which are used as alternatives to the four vertical planes mentioned above. Briefly, the most common of these are: 5 Copyright International Commission on Illumination Provided by IHS under license with CIELicensee=IHS
48、 Employees/1111111001, User=leee, leee Not for Resale, 11/24/2007 08:47:31 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- C I E 67 86 H 9006145 0002880 I T 6 q =68m = I SIDE B I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 A q b SIDE D PITCH MEASURING POINT TRACK FIG .4 a. Normal t o camera I n t h i s case one reading is taken a t each grid point on a plane, the normal to which is