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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 6947:1997 Welds Working positions Definitions of angles of slope and rotation The European Standard EN ISO 6947:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.040.25; 25.160.40 BS EN ISO 6947:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Eng
2、ineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1997 BSI 09-1999 ISBN 0 580 27453 5 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN ISO 6947:1997. It is identical with ISO 6947:1990 (corrected and reprinted
3、 in 1993) and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/1, Definitions and symbols for welding, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European c
4、ommittee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-r
5、eferences The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Cata
6、logue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document com
7、prises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, page 2, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table o
8、n the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments BS EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Forewordiii Text of ISO 69471 ii blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 6947 January 1997 ICS 01.040
9、.25; 25.160.10 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Welds Working positions Definitions of angles of slope and rotation (ISO 6947:1990) Soudures Positions de travail Dfinitions des angles dinclinaison et de rotation (ISO 6947:1993) Schweinhte Arbeitspositionen Definitionen der Winkel von Ne
10、igung und Drehung (ISO 6947:1993) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-12-12. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
11、lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the re
12、sponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nor
13、way, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO 6947:1997 E EN ISO 69
14、47:1997 BSI 09-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as an European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat
15、of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 1997. This document replaces prEN 115
16、7. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
17、 Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 6947:1993 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. EN ISO 6947:1997 ii BSI 09-1999 Contents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Working positi
18、ons3 4Designation9 Figure 1 Slope, S2 Figure 2 Rotation R2 Figure 3 Examples of rotation (R = 90) of symmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface3 Figure 4 Examples of rotation, R, of asymmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface3 Figure 5 Examples of rotation, R, of symmetri
19、cal and asymmetrical fillet welds3 Figure 6 Main positions4 Figure 7 Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds6 Figure 8 Inclined position for plates7 Figure 9 Examples of symbolization of inclination of pipes with inclined axes7 Figure 10 Examples of welding direction on fixed pipe with
20、horizontal axis8 Figure 11 Examples of zenith, welding direction and symbolization of inclination for fixed pipes with inclined axes8 Table 1 Terms and symbols for main positions5 EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-1999iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federat
21、ion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committe
22、e. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the techn
23、ical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 6947 was prepared by Te
24、chnical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6947:1980), of which it constitutes a technical revision; reasons for the revision are given in the “Introduction” (p. 1). Descriptors: Welding, welded joints, butt welds, fille
25、t welds, rotation, position (location). iv blank EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-19991 Introduction The main reasons for the revision of ISO 6947:1980 are given below. The working positions should be valid for welds in plates and pipes. The direction of welding is an essential parameter for determining the
26、working position, e.g. up or down; however, in ISO 6947:1980, the working direction was not dealt with. The working position is not dependent on the geometrical arrangement of the joint, e.g. butt or fillet joint, or that of the semi-finished product. The limitations for slope (within 0 to 90) and f
27、or rotation (up to a maximum of 180), as specified in ISO 6947:1980 (clockwise or counter-clockwise), prevent the complete specification of the weld and the direction of welding in space; it could not, therefore, be applicable for automatic and robotic welding. It is intended in this second edition
28、of ISO 6947 that the whole sphere be included so that welds in all types and all directions are covered. To avoid any misunderstanding, the main positions have been given symbols which can easily be used for designation purposes; these symbols were chosen independently of possible meaningful abbrevi
29、ations, i.e. they are not derived from any particular language. The centreline is normally identical with the position of the stick electrode. The main positions have been defined without any tolerances for slope and rotation. For some stick electrodes, it may be useful to add the required tolerance
30、s as necessary for their application. In such cases, the main position, e.g. flat position, can be supplemented by specifying limits of slope and rotation. 1 Scope This International Standard defines working positions and makes it possible to locate welds in space with reference to the horizontal re
31、ference plane (usually parallel to the workshop floor) by means of angles of slope and rotation which are independent from surrounding construction. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 working position position determined by the positio
32、n of the weld in space and by the working direction 2.2 slope, S in the case of straight welds, the angle between the root line and the positive x-axis of the horizontal reference plane (see Figure 1); the slope is measured in the mathematically positive (i.e. counter-clockwise) direction the co-ord
33、inate system shall be arranged so that the root line lies in the vertical reference plane (x/z-plane; see Figure 1) and that the working direction radiates outwards from the co-ordinate origin in the case of curved welds, the same stipulation applies: the slope is obtained from the tangent to the ro
34、ot line at the particular cross-section of the weld in question and the x-axis each particular cross-section has its own specific co-ordinate system NOTEFor pipes with inclined axes, the slope is intrinsically expressed by the welding direction (see 3.2). 2.3 rotation, R the angle between the centre
35、line of the weld (i.e. the line joining the centres of the weld root and the capping layer) and the positive y-axis or a line parallel to the y-axis, measured in the mathematically positive (i.e. counter-clockwise) direction in the plane of the transverse cross-section of the weld in question EN ISO
36、 6947:1997 2 BSI 09-1999 the viewing direction for the weld cross-section is directed towards the co-ordinate origin, i.e. opposite to the working direction (see Figure 2) in the case of slopes where S = 90 or S = 270 (see Figure 1), it is not necessary to determine the rotation because all angles m
37、ay occur. Examples of how rotation is determined on symmetrical and asymmetrical butt and fillet welds are given in Figure 3 to Figure 5 NOTE 1The centreline usually coincides with the position of the filler material, e.g. covered electrode. NOTE 2For pipes with inclined axes, the rotation is intrin
38、sically expressed by the angle of inclination (see 3.3). Figure 1 Slope, S a) Working position where S = 0 (or 360) and R = 90b) Working position where S = 30 and R = 270 Figure 2 Rotation R EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-19993 3 Working positions 3.1 Main positions The main positions, defined by slope and
39、 rotation, are given in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 6. For the sake of clarity, symbols for the main working positions are given from the co-ordinate origin; the working direction is outwards. Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds are illustrated in Figure 7. Figure 3 Examples o
40、f rotation (R = 90) of symmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface Figure 4 Examples of rotation, R, of asymmetrical butt welds with horizontal workpiece surface Figure 5 Examples of rotation, R, of symmetrical and asymmetrical fillet welds EN ISO 6947:1997 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 6 Main p
41、ositions EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-19995 Table 1 Terms and symbols for main positions TermsDescriptionSymbol Slope S Rotation R Flat positionHorizontal working, centreline of weld vertical, capping layer on capping PA0 180 90 90 Horizontal vertical position Horizontal working, capping layer towards th
42、e capping PB0 0 180 180 45 135 45 135 Horizontal positionHorizontal working, centreline of weld horizontal PC0 0 180 180 0 180 0 180 Horizontal overhead position Horizontal working, overhead, capping layer towards the bottom PD0 0 180 180 225 315 225 315 Overhead positionHorizontal working, overhead
43、, centreline of weld vertical, capping layer underneath PE0 180 270 270 Vertical up positionWorking upwardsPF90 Vertical down position Working downwardsPG270 NOTE 1To avoid confusion with existing abbreviations, e.g. F for flat, in principle the letter “P” (for position) has been placed in front of
44、the symbol to indicate “main position”. NOTE 2Tolerances for the main positions are not specified in this International Standard because they depend on the different welding procedures used. EN ISO 6947:1997 6 BSI 09-1999 1) For special purposes, e.g. testing welders; this position is regarded as a
45、main position. Figure 7 Examples of main positions for butt and fillet welds EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-19997 3.2 Inclined positions 3.2.1 Plates and longitudinal welds in pipes The inclined positions shall be defined by slope and rotation (see Figure 8 and Table 1). 3.2.2 Circumferential welds in pipe
46、s For weld positions on pipes with inclined axes, the indication of slope and rotation shall be simplified as follows: a) The indication of rotation is replaced by the letter “L” and the angle of inclination (see Figure 9). NOTEAngles between 180 and 360 are normally not used except for robotic weld
47、ing where a fixed reference plane is necessary. b) The indication of slope is replaced by the appropriate letter of the welding direction (see examples in Figure 10): H for welding up J for welding down K for orbital welding For welds on fixed pipes with inclined axes, the zenith shall be taken as t
48、he point at right angles to the reference plane (see examples in Figure 11). Figure 8 Inclined position for plates Figure 9 Examples of symbolization of inclination of pipes with inclined axes EN ISO 6947:1997 8 BSI 09-1999 Figure 10 Examples of welding direction on fixed pipe with horizontal axis F
49、igure 11 Examples of zenith, welding direction and symbolization of inclination for fixed pipes with inclined axes EN ISO 6947:1997 BSI 09-19999 4 Designation Main positions shall be designated by the appropriate symbol specified in Table 1 (see example 1); the symbol for the main position may be supplemented by the values for slope and rotation, given in three digits (see example 2). Inclined positions shall be designated by