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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 15084:2006 Liming materials Guide to the determination of the lime requirement ICS 65.080 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 15084:2006 This Draft for De
2、velopment was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49802 6 National foreword This Draft for Development was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15084:2006. This publication is not to be regarded as a
3、British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for De
4、velopment are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken o
5、n its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European St
6、andard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Commi
7、ttee CII/37, Fertilisers and related chemicals. A list of organizations represented on CII/37 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments issued sin
8、ce publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15084 September 2006 ICS 65.080 English Versio
9、n Liming materials - Guide to the determination of the lime requirement Amendements minraux basiques - Guide pour la dtermination de la besoin en chaux Calcium-/Magnesium-Bodenverbesserungsmittel - Leitlinie fr die Bestimmung des Kalkbedarfs This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN
10、on 27 May 2006 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members
11、 are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the pos
12、sible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po
13、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any me
14、ans reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15084:2006: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms
15、and definitions .5 4 Classification of soils6 5 General principles7 6 Preservation liming9 7 Basal and improvement liming.10 8 Determination and calculation .11 9 Additional conditions to be considered12 Bibliography13 CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank
16、University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15084:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 260 “Fertilizers and liming materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
17、the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
18、orway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Introduction Regular liming for regul
19、ation of the pH value of the soil has a long tradition in agriculture. Liming has a neutralizing effect on the natural acidification of the soil and thus serves the maintenance of soil fertility. The desired effects of liming are mainly: physical: Increased structure stability of the flocculation an
20、d porosity of mineral soils, leading to better drainage, structure stability of the soil and improved aeration of the soil. chemical: Positive influence on solubility of macro- and some micro-nutrients, a reduction in the availability of aluminium and other toxic elements in the soil and avoid alumi
21、nium toxicity. biological: general support of active soil organisms. Existing European Standards specify methods for assessing the value of liming materials. It is also necessary to establish the principles to be used when calculating the amount of liming material required. Throughout Europe, wide n
22、ational and regional variations in soil type, climate and types of farming prohibit the general use of detailed and specific recommendations. The principles set out in this standard should be used by experts at a local level to establish lime requirement. CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London Sout
23、h Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification gives guidance on the parameters that should be taken into account in order to determine the lime requirement of agricultural soils. 2 Normative refe
24、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12944-3:2001, Fertilizers and liming ma
25、terials Vocabulary Part 3: Terms relating to liming materials ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pH ISO 11259, Soil quality Simplified soil description ISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentation ISO 14235, So
26、il quality Determination of organic carbon by sulfochromic oxidation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12944-3:2001 and the following apply. 3.1 soil group texture and organic matter to describe the cultivation characteristic of the soil
27、s (light, medium or heavy soils) 3.2 rainfall water reaching the ground in the form of rain, snow and dew 3.3 pH class defined pH range as determined by ISO 10390 3.4 target pH soil pH to be achieved 3.5 basal liming increase of soil pH from very low pH value to the target pH value with liming mater
28、ials 3.6 improvement liming recovery of soils from low pH value to a target pH value with liming materials 3.7 preservation liming maintaining soil pH to the defined optimum pH value with liming materials CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Su
29、n Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 3.8 base saturation rate proportion of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium of the total cation exchange capacity of the soil NOTE The ratio expressed as a percentage: (Ca+Mg+K+Na expressed as cmol+/kg) 100/cation exchange capacity (
30、expressed as cmol+/kg). 3.9 crop rotation sequence of agricultural crops on a field 3.10 soil cultivation management of mechanical/physical soil treatment 3.11 lime loss annual loss and consumption of neutralizing materials from the soil 4 Classification of soils 4.1 Basic scheme Many chemical and m
31、ost of the physical properties of agricultural soils depend on the clay fraction, organic matter content and pH. Therefore the clay content (fraction 5 to 12 3 heavy loamy sand 12 to 17 4 sandy silty loam 17 to 25 5 clayey loam, clay 25 6 peat organic matter 30 % a a grain size 800 * * * should be u
32、sed for determination Crops - - * * - Crop rotation system and crop removal - - * * - Cation saturation rate % 80 * * may be used for determination instead of pH Soil fineness mm 30 1 Sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,4 to 5,8 600 5,0 to 5,4 500 4,7 to 5,1 400 4,3 to 4,7 300 - 2 Slightly loamy sand pH clas
33、s C kg NV/ha 5,8 to 6,3 1 200 5,4 to 5,9 900 5,0 to 5,5 800 4,6 to 5,1 400 - 3 Heavy loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 6,1 to 6,7 1 400 5,6 to 6,2 1 200 5,2 to 5,8 1 000 4,8 to 5,4 500 - 4 Sandy silty loam pH class C kg NV/ha 6,3 to 7,0a 1 700 5,8 to 6,5 1 500 5,4 to 6,1 1 300 5,0 to 5,7 600 - 5 Clayey
34、 loam clay pH class C kg NV/ha 6,4 to 7,2a 2 000 5,9 to 6,7 1 800 5,5 to 6,3 1 600 5,1 to 5,9 700 - 6 Peat pH class C kg NV/ha - - - - 4,3 to 4,7 300 a in the case of free carbonates (free lime) no preservation liming CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank U
35、niversity, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 10 Table 5 Basic scheme for the classification of pH values in soils in pH class C (targeted/optimal pH range) as well as requirement for preservation liming (kg NV/ha) Grassland Parameter Organic matter content % (mass fracti
36、on) Soil group Soil pH class pHKCl 30 1 Sand pH class C kg NV/ha 4,7 to 5,2 400 4,3 to 4,7 300 2 Slightly loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,2 to 5,7 500 4,6 to 5,1 300 3 Heavy loamy sand pH class C kg NV/ha 5,4 to 6,0 600 4,8 to 5,4 400 4 Sandy silty loam pH class C kg NV/ha 5,6 to 6,3 700 5,0 to 5,7
37、 500 5 Clayey loam - Clay pH class C kg NV/ha 5,7 to 6,5 800 5,1 to 5,9 600 6 Peat pH class C kg NV/ha 4,3 - Table 6 Annual lime losses by neutralisation and leaching according to cultivation and rainfall in NV per hectare per year Types Rainfall mm/a Soil type Cultivation typeLow 750 Light sandy so
38、ils 300 400 500 Medium loamy silty soils 400 500 600 Heavy clay soils Arable land 500 600 700 Light sandy soils 150 250 350 Medium loamy silty soils 200 300 400 Heavy clay soils Grassland 250 350 450 7 Basal and improvement liming 7.1 General Only by field experiments using local or regional soil ty
39、pes and under local climatic conditions, can the figures for lime requirement be accurately verified. NOTE From the farmers point of view, the determination of lime requirement must consider, not only the scientific reasons for correct soil pH, but also the economics of the subsequent liming operati
40、on. CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 11 7.2 Source values to calculate an amount of lime 7.2.1 The initial and the target pH value of the soil Use the results of field experimen
41、ts carried out over many years with the most important crops and under various climatic conditions to establish the optimum soil pH, which will give the highest financial return after taking into consideration the cost of the liming operation. The results are recorded in NV per hectare. 7.2.2 The in
42、itial and the target cation saturation rate of the adsorption complex in the soil This type of calculation should be verified by field experiments. 7.2.3 Reaction of a soil sample with chemical reagents The barium acetate buffer method or ammonium acetate method are laboratory analytical methods, wh
43、ich can be used to determine the lime requirement of agricultural soils. NOTE See Bibliography 1, 2 and 3. 7.2.4 The optimum pH range of crops or crop rotation system The position of the liming operation in the crop rotation programme is important. The special pH requirement of single crops or the a
44、verage pH requirement of a complete crop rotation shall be considered when determining the NV per hectare to be applied. 7.2.5 Buffering capacity of soils Buffering capacity of soils regarding pH shall be taken into account when determining the amount of liming material and required to reach the tar
45、geted pH. Clay content, organic matter or cation exchange capacity can provide an estimation of it. Lime requirement for basal or increase pH liming requires higher application rates in clay or organic soils, since the buffer capacity of which is higher in these soils. See also experimental approach
46、 in 7.2.3. 8 Determination and calculation The lime requirement, R, is expressed as NV per hectare or kilograms per hectare of CaO-equivalent. The amount of product required, Q, is expressed in kilograms per hectare according to the following equation: NV R Q 100 = (1) where R is the requirement, in
47、 kilograms per hectare, NV is the Neutralizing Value. Recommendations for lime requirement should be given by trained personnel, and be based upon the guidelines principles and parameters set out in this document. The recommendations will vary according to regional and local circumstances. When dete
48、rmining lime requirement, it is particularly important to know the Neutralizing Value (NV) of the fertilizer to be applied. NV is the principal indicator of the ability of a fertilizer to neutralize acidity. CEN/TS 15084:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University,
49、 Sun Dec 24 04:40:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 12 Where very high rates of liming material are recommended, they should be divided. Table 7 shows the recommended maximum annual amount of NV equivalent to be applied depending upon soil type. Table 7 Maximum amounts of NV per year Character of Soil Type Amount of NV per ha light sandy soils 3 000 medium loamy soils 6 000 heavy clayey soils 9 000 A simplified system of lime requirement may be used wh