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1、EIA STANDARD ANSI/EIA-280-C-1992 APPROVED: April 20, 1992 Solderless Wrapped Electrical Connections EM-2804 (Revision of EIA-289-B) MAY 1992 ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies the work as a recommendation; the word Imayll as permi ss
2、i ve, neither mandatory nor recommended. 2 . DEFINITIONS 2.1 General 2.1.1 Conventional Solderless Wrapped Connection A conventional solderless wrapped connection consists of a helix of continuous solid uninsulated wire tightly wrapped around a terminal produce a mechanically and electrically stable
3、 connection. (See Fi 1A. ) 2.1.2 Modified Solderless Wrapped Connection A modified solderless wrapped connection is a connection as defined Par. 2.1.1 with the insulated connection lead wire wrapped around at least 3 corners of the terminal. (See Fig. l e . ) 2.1.3 Turn of Wire A turn of wire shall
4、consist of one complete, single helical ring of wire wrapped 360“ around a terminal. For the purpose of counting to 9. in Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies 29 (0.0113 in.), (0.287 mm); 28 (0.0126 in.) (0.320 mm); 26 (0.0159 in.) (0.404 mm); 24 (0.0201 in.), (0.511 mm); 22 (0.0253 in.), (0.
5、643 mm); 20 (0.0320 in.), (0.813 mm); 18 (0.0403 in.), (1.024 mm); 16 (0.0508 in.), (1.290 mm) are in use at present. 4.2.2 Composition 4.2.2.1 General Any solid, round wire basis material, finish coat (if used), or insulation, that meets the users requirements may be used provided connections wrapp
6、ed with it meet all the requirements of this standard. Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies - nnnnnnn 0000000 0000000 oomo(Yoo m w w C U 4 O M 4d44CUNN o omomomo,o o m mm * C f n zu E Y U W IA 0000000 0000000 0000000 0 X r“ C f n zu E sf u Y 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 u) C c, O
7、 i z o t Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5. CONNECTION PARAMET
8、ERS 5.1 General The following requirements and recommendations relate to the completed assembly of wire and terminal in the form of a solderless wrapped connection. 5.2 Connection Conditioning The connection parameters in this standard apply both to initial tests and to final tests conducted after a
9、ging and environmental exposure dictated by the application. 5 . 3 Vsual Requirements (See Paragraph 62.3 for test procedure.) 5.3.1 Space Between Turns of a Connection A. There shall be no gaps between adjacent turns greater than one half of the diameter of the wire exclusive of gaps on the first a
10、nd last turns (see Figure 4). 6. The sum of all gaps (excluding those on the first and last turn) on any side of a connection shall not exceed the diameter of the wire, These requirements do not apply to wrapped connections on irregularly contoured terminals, such as those listed in Paragraph 4.1.3.
11、2 B2 and 63. These requirements apply only to the minimum number of turns as specifled in 5.3.6. 5.3.2 Overlapping Turns of a Connection A. There shall be no overlapping within the minimum specified number of turns of uninsulated wire, except for the condition stated in Paragraph B below (see Figure
12、 4). B. The first turn of insulated wire in a modified solderless wrapped connection may overlap the last turn of uninsulated wire in a connection below it on the same terminal. NOTE: Care shall be taken not to apply excessive axial forge on the over-lapped connection. 5.3.3 End Tails The restrictio
13、n on end tail projections i s an equipment design and performance consideration and shall be specified, if necessary, by the user. Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for R
14、esale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- E I A 280-C 92 3234600 0503387 O20 EIA-280-C Page 17 5.3.4 Connection Position The required minimum number of uninsulated turns in a wrapped connection shall not extend beyond the wrapping length of
15、a terminal. (See figure 5.) 5.3.5 Rewrappi ng 5.3.5.1 Rewrappinq Same Lenqth of Wire It is not permissible to rewrap the portion of wire that has been previously wrapped on a terminal. 5.3.5.2 Rewrappinq on Same Portion of Terminal Wraps can be made on the same portion of a terminal from which a pre
16、viously made solderless wrapped connection has been unwrapped. The connections must be capable of meeting the requirements of this standard. 5.3.6 Minimum Number of Turns of Uninsulated Wire There shall be a sufficient number of turns on uninsulated wire in the connection to ensure conformance with
17、all the visual, mechanical, and electrical requirements of this standard. AWG Number 30 29 28 26 25 24 22 20 18 16 MINIMUM NUMBERS OF UNINSULATED TURNS OF WIRE Nickel-Iron Alloys, Coppep Cl ad Steel Copper or Equivalent Copper Wire Alloy Wire See 4.3.2.2 and See 4.2.2.2 (A) See 4.2.2.2 (B) 4.2.2.2 (
18、B) 7 5 “ 7 “ “ 7 “ “ 6 5 5 “ 5 5 “ 4 5 4 4 “ 4 4 “ 3 3 “ 3 “ Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted
19、without license from IHS -,-,- EIA-280-C Page 18 NOTE : Not all gauges of wire may be used on all terminals. This table indicates the minimum number of turns that are used in industry. a Certain wire-terminal combinations may require an increase in the minimum number of turns to meet the strip force
20、 requirements specified in 5.4.1. 5.3.7 Marring and Scraping Mars and scrapes produced on the wire in the connection, including the .connection lead defined in 2.1.4, as a result of wrapping, or as the result of stripping (skinning) as defined in 4.2.4 and 4.3.4 are permissible provided connections
21、meet. the requirements in this standard and the requirements of the application. 5 . 3 . 8 Solderless Wrapped Connections on Same Terminal with Solder Connections Solderless wrapped connections and soldered connections may be used on the same terminals providing the terminal length for the solderles
22、s wrapped connection is free of excess finish coat deposited from the soldering process. The order of placement of solderless wrapped or soldered connections on the terminal is not important provided the requirements of 4.1.1.3C and 5 . 6 . 1 are satisfied. 5 . 4 Mechanical Tests 5.4.1 Strip Force A
23、 completed solderless wrapped connection shall be capable of meeting the following minimum strip force limits (See 6.2.1 for Test Procedure). The minimum number of turns used on the product shall not be less than the minimum number used for strip force testing. Wire AWG No. 30 29 28 26 25 24 22 20 1
24、8 16 Minimum Strip Force lb newtons 3 . 0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6 . 5 6.5 8.0 8.0 12.0 15.0 (13.4) (15.6) (17.8) (22.3) (28.9) (28.9) (35.6) (35.6) (66.7) (53.4) Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=W
25、ing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- * EIA 280-C 72 W 3234600 0503387 9T3 W 5.4.2 Unwrap Test EIA-2804 Page 19 5.4.2.1 The wire of a connection should be capable of being sufficiently unwrapped to free the wire form
26、 the terminal without breaking within the limits of the connection as defined in 2.1.4 when unwrapped in a manner that does not induce additional twist or undue stress in the wire. (See 6.2.2 for test procedures.) 5.4.2.2 Failure of the unwrap test shall not be a cause for rejection of product but s
27、hall serve as an indication for the necessity to examine further the variables of the wrapping process. NOTE: Some of the above variables are: 1. Faulty operators technique. 2. Improper Tool performance. 3. Detrimental wire and terminal characteristics. 5.4.3 Gas-Tight Area The total gas-tight conta
28、ct area between the terminal and the uninsulated wire in a solderless wrapped connection, excluding the first and last half turns of uninsulated wire, shall be at least equal to the cross-section area of the uninsulated wrapped wire. (See 6 . 4 for test procedure. ) 0 5.5 Electrical Tests 5.5.1 Stat
29、ic Contact Resistance The static contact resistance shall not exceed the resistance o f one inch (25 m m ) of the wire used for the Connection. (See 6.3.1 for test procedure. ) 5.2.2 Contact Resistance Variation The contact resistance variation shall not exceed a resistance change equivalent to the
30、resistance of one inch (25 mm) of the wire used for the connection. (See 6.3.2 for test procedure.) 5.6 Handling Precautions 5.6.1 Connection Process Wrapped connections may be made with hand, semi-automatic, or automatic tools. Verification should be made that the tool is appropriate for use with t
31、he size and shape of the terminal being wrapped. Using inappropriately sized tools may result in errors described in 5.3. The sequence of the connection process (for hand and some semi-automatic tools) is shown in Figure 6 . Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provide
32、d by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I 5 . 6 . 2 Connection Disturbance Completed solderless wrapped connections shall not be mechanically dis
33、turbed. Mechanical disturbance is defined as any axial movement of the connection on the terminal or change in configuration or appearance of the connect ion. 5.6.3 Wire Routing In efficSent wire routing, the wiring list generated from engineering data should optimize the time spent moving the tool
34、and achieve closely related multiple-wrap levels. Consecutive wraps should be placed as close as possible. This is usually achieved by following a direct path, or point-to-point wiring. Right angle wiring may be used to avoid obstructions or reserved areas of the panel. Picture frame wiring may be u
35、sed to help trace wires to input/output conductors, Excessive use of either right angle or picture frame wiring can be counterproductive by increasing wire length and causing larger numbers of parallel conductors, causing crosstalk. Multiple wrap levels can save time in rework. To reach any specific
36、 wire, no more than two other wires must be removed. Usually both ends of any wire should be on the same level. 5.6.4 Wire Dress The wire shall be positioned so that subsequent routing of the lead end of the wire does not tend to loosen the connection. 6. TEST PROCEDURES 6.1 General 6 . 1 . 1 Test C
37、onditions Unless otherwise specified, connections shall be tested at standard atmospheric conditions per RS-186 (Temperature - 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C, relative humidity - 80% maximum, air pressure - ambient.) 6.1.2 Applicability of Test Sections Section 6.2 includes mechanical and visual tests
38、 necessary for approval of connections configurations and for verification by the user of adequate control of the process. Section 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5 include tests necessary for approval of connections configurations, e,g., wire-terminal-turns combinations. These tests are not normally used for proce
39、ss control. Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- EIA-2C Page 21 6.2
40、 Mechanical and Visual Test Procedures 6.2.1 Strip Force Test 6.2.1.1 General Strip force is the force required to cause the initial break-away (movement) of the connection. The strip force test shall be performed in accordance with EIA 364-16. The strip force measurement shall bee the requirements
41、specified in 5.4.1. 6.2.2 Unwrap Test 6.2.2.1 General An unwrap test procedure that best fits the application should be specified by the user. It should be noted that different procedures may not yield the same results. A recommended unwrap procedure is specified in EIA-364-47. The unwrap test resul
42、ts shall meet the requirements specified in 5.4.2. 6.2.3 Visual Test Visualrequirernents of 5.3 shall be checked without the use of instruments for gauges 26 and heavier wire. For finer gauges, magni- f icat ion up to 5 power may be used. 6.2.4 Elongation Properties Wire elongation requirements o f
43、4.2.3.1 and 4.3.3.1 shall be measured as specified in ASTM F 219-67 (Reapproved 1972) under “Tension Test. II 6.3 Electrical Test Procedures 6.3.1 Static Contact Resistance (Rs) 6.3.1.1 Test Circuit The test should be performed as shown in Figure 7. 6.3.1.2 Electrical Test Parameters. The user shall
44、 ensure that the resistance 1 imits specified in Paragraph 5.5 are not exceeded at the minimum voltage and current of the application. Copyright Electronic Components, Assemblies & Materials Association Provided by IHS under license with ECA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not f
45、or Resale, 03/29/2007 21:24:25 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- EIA-2804 Page 22 The test current through the solderless wrapped connection shall not be greater than 100 mil 1 iamperes, and the open circuit test voltage shall O not be greater than 250 mi 1 1
46、ivolts. 6.3.2 Contact Resistance Variation (AR) 6.3.2.1 Test Circuit The test should be performed as shown in Figure 7 . 6.3.2.2 Electrical Test Parameters As specified in Paragraph 6.3.1.2. 6.3.2.3 Positioninq The solderless wrapped connection under test shall be located at the base of the terminal
47、. The terminal should be clamped rigidly in normal mounting position. 6.3.2.4 Method The terminal shall be deflected 1/32“ per inch (O .O3 mm per m m ) of terminal length, perpendicular to the major dimension (cross-section) of the terminal with instant release. Deflect the terminal and calculate AR
48、: 6.4 Gas-Tight Area The wrapped connection shall be subjected to an atmosphere, such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S) or ammonium sulphide (NH4)2S, that will discolor the exposed area of the connection (both wire and terminal) that is not gas tight. The discoloration shall be sufficient to give a sharp contrast in color between the exposed area and the gas tight area of the connection. The gas-tight area of the connection is exposed when the uninsulated wire is carefully unwrapped from the terminal. The gas-tight area requirements of. section 5.4.3 shall be measured wi