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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 14588:2004 Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions ICS 01.040.75, 75.160.10 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 14588:2004 This Draft for
2、 Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 March 2004 BSI 9 March 2004 ISBN 0 580 43536 9 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 14588:2004. This publication is not to be regarded as a Br
3、itish Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the Technical Committee needs some time to collect the data in this relatively new area of technology. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and
4、 experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated
5、 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by t
6、he end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuel
7、s, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-reference
8、s The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Sta
9、ndards Online. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publicat
10、ion Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 14588 June 2003 ICS 01.040.75, 75.160.10 English version
11、Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions Biocombustibles solides Terminologie, dfinitions et descriptions Feste Biobrennstoffe Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 28 February 2003 for provisional application. The
12、period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this
13、CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodie
14、s of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPIS
15、CHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 14588:2003 E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec
16、09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 2 Contents page Introduction.4 1Scope 4 2Normative references 5 3Principle5 4Terms and definitions6 Annex A (informative) Translation.22 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09
17、04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 14588:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 335, “Solid biofuels“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regula
18、tions, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
19、 Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 4 Introduction This Technical specification has been performed in accordance with ISO 10241 1.
20、Beside international standards (see References) approved national standards and manuals 2, 3, 4, 5 provided the basis of this Technical specification. Moreover some terms important within specific nations were added to the international terminology during compilation of this Draft. Waste is defined
21、in Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC 6 and some of the given terms fall within this category. However sources within the scope of this standard are excluded from the scope of Directive 2000/76/EC (“waste incineration directive”) 7. In the following standard instead of the legal definition
22、 waste the technical term residue is used for well defined side-streams from agricultural, forestry and related industrial operations. The terms and definitions are harmonised as far as possible with the current language used in management as well as in regulatory activities. 1 Scope This European T
23、echnical specification defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 335. According to CEN/TC 335 this European Technical specification is applicable to solid biofuels originating from the following sources: products from agriculture and forestry, vegetable waste fro
24、m agriculture and forestry, vegetable waste from the food processing industry, wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood waste fr
25、om construction- and demolition waste, cork waste, fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co- incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered. The embedding of the scope within the biomass/biofuel field is given in
26、figure 1. Figure 1 CEN TC 335 within the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy field (draft). Biomass Biofuel Solid biofuel CEN TC 335 Liquid and gaseous biofuel Bioenergy Non-fuels conversion production / preparation Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48
27、 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 5 NOTE 1The CEN/TC 335 considers that wood waste, including wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 and of the scope of the mandate M/298 “solid biofuels“, unless they cont
28、ain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coatings 8. NOTE 2There are more terms included within this Technical specification as covered by the mandate due to clarification and differentiation. NOTE 3Changes of ownership of the fibrous vege
29、table waste between paper and pulp company and the operator pf the co- imcineration plant in which the waste is used does not affect the inclusion of the waste in the scope of mandate M/298. Other standards with a different scope than this European Technical specification can have different definiti
30、ons than this standard. 2 Normative references This European Technical Specification incorporates with by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated re
31、ferences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this technical specification only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. prEN 13965-1: 2000, Characterization of waste Te
32、rminology Part 1: Material related terms and definitions ISO 540:1995, Solid mineral fuels Determination of fusibility of ash High-temperature tube method. ISO 1928:1995, Solid mineral fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method, and calculation of net calorific valu
33、e. ISO 1213-2:1992, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis. ISO 13909: 2003, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling. 3 Principle Solid biofuels are produced from different sources, which are defined within the scope of CEN TC 335 “Solid Biofuels”. Ter
34、ms and definitions are categorised in a logical structure based on the fact that solid biofuels are produced from different sources and that the purpose of solid biofuels is the conversion into bioenergy: the sources of solid biofuels cover the initial location of the input material (biomass) in the
35、 economic and environmental cycles (like forest wood, energy forest trees, logging residues, landscape management residues etc.); the description of the solid biofuels itself as well as their handling, which covers the source and origin of the biofuel given in the same structure as the biomass sourc
36、es (e.g., wood fuels, forest fuels), the different forms of biofuels produced within the preparation process (i.e. chipped biofuels, bundled biofuels), the most relevant biofuel properties (e.g., total moisture, total ash), and terms of sampling and testing as well as classification and specificatio
37、n; bioenergy as the result of biofuel conversion. Appropriate terms for sampling and testing as well as classification and specification of properties have to be defined and described together with the category nature/origin, type and properties of solid biofuels. The structure of this technical spe
38、cification (table 1) is based on the classification system of solid biofuels given in 9, in which the classification of solid biofuels is specified more detailed. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
39、 CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 6 Table 1 Structure of the terms 9 Sources of biofuelsWoody biomass Herbaceous biomass Fruit biomass Biomass blends and mixtures Solid biofuelsSource/origin Traded forms Sampling and testing Properties Classification and specification Bioenergy 4 Terms and definitions 4.1 agri
40、cultural residues biomass residues originating from production, harvesting, and processing in farm areas NOTESee also animal husbandry residues and crop production residues 4.2 agrofuels biofuels obtained as a product of energy crops and/or agricultural residues NOTEAdapted from Draft FAO unified wo
41、od energy terminology (UWET) 10 4.3 animal husbandry residues agricultural residues originating from livestock keeping NOTE 1It includes among others solid excreta of animals. NOTE 2 For the time being animal husbandry residues are out of the scope of the mandate. The term is included for informatio
42、n only. 4.4 ash residue obtained by combustion of a fuel NOTE 1See also total ash and ash fusibility. NOTE 2Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles. NOTE 3Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992 4.5 ash deformation temperature, DT temperature at which first signs of rounding due
43、 to melting, of the tip or edges of the test piece occur NOTEAdapted from ISO 540:1995 4.6 ash flow temperature, FT temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is one-third of the height of the test piece at the ash hemisphere temperature NOTEA
44、dapted from ISO 540:1995 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 04:16:48 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN/TS 14588:2003 (E) 7 4.7 ash fusibility ; ash melting behaviour characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under spe
45、cific conditions NOTE 1Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions. NOTE 2See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature, and ash sphere temperature. NOTE 3Adapted from ISO 540:1995 4.8 ash hemisphere temperature, HT temperature
46、at which the height of a test piece, prepared from ash by a specific procedure, is equal to half the width of the base, and its shape becomes approximately hemispherical NOTEAdapted from ISO 540:1995 4.9 ash sphere temperature, ST temperature where the height of a pyramidal and truncated-cone test p
47、ieces is equal to the width of the base, or the edges of a cubical or cylindrical test pieces are completely round with the height remaining unchanged NOTEAdapted from ISO 540:1995 4.10 baled biofuel, bale solid biofuel which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density EXAMPLEStraw b
48、ales, bales of energy grass, bales of treetops and branches 4.11 bark organic cellular tissue which is formed by taller plants (trees, bushes) on the outside of the growth zone (cambium) as a shell for the wooden body 4.12 basic density ratio of the mass on dry basis and the solid volume on green ba
49、sis 4.13 bioenergy energy from biofuels 4.14 biofuel fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass 4.15 biofuel blend biofuel resulting from intentionally mixing of different biofuels EXAMPLEStraw or energy grass with wood, dried biosludge with bark. 4.16 biofuel briquette densified biofuel made with or without pressing aids in the form of cubiform or cylindrical units, produced by compressing pulverised biomass NOTE 1The raw material for briq