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1、TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OXIDATION OF STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell Internationa
2、l Oil Products B.V. and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted
3、in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (S
4、IOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of pro
5、cessing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and eng
6、ineering practice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publi
7、cations is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies t
8、o adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirement
9、s not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the
10、 Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categorie
11、s of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are auth
12、orized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users
13、 comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a resul
14、t of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Withou
15、t prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they
16、 have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP ma
17、y at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (D
18、DDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradual
19、ly be replaced by DEPs. DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION.4 1.1SCOPE 4 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS4 1.3DEFINITIONS 4 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES5 2.PREVENTION OF OXIDATION6 3.REMOVAL OF OXIDATION7 3.1MECHANICAL CLEANING7 3.2PICKLING AN
20、D PASSIVATION USING LIQUIDS7 3.3PICKLING AND PASSIVATION USING PASTES.7 4.OXIDATION ACCEPTANCECRITERIA.8 5.REFERENCES9 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR OXIDATION OF STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS10 DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 3 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This new DEP specifies requir
21、ements and gives recommendations for the prevention and removal of oxidation that may develop at weldments in stainless steels whether applied as solid material or as cladding. The acceptance criteria for oxidation are also included. These stainless steels include, but are not limited to: austenitic
22、 stainless steels AISI 316L and the high alloy type UNS S31254; austenitic/ferritic (duplex) stainless steels such as UNS S31803; high nickel austenitic alloys such as Incoloy 825 and Inconel 625. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by SIOP and SIE
23、P, the distribution of this DEP is confined to companies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group or managed by a Group company, and to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated by them (i.e. the distribution DEP is “F”, as described in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use
24、in oil refineries, gas plants, chemical plants, oil and gas production facilities, and supply/marketing installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
25、requirements are more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, environmental, economic, and legal aspects. In all cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in or
26、der to comply with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of
27、 the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and servi
28、ces to perform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act
29、for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2Specific definitions GTAWGas Tungsten Arc Welding SMAWShielded Metal Arc Welding TIGTungsten Inert Gas (welding) 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-references to other parts of
30、 this DEP are made, the referenced section DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 4 number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (5). DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 5 2.PREVENTION OF OXIDATION The methods for prevention of oxidation of weldments shall b
31、e in accordance with DEP 61.40.20.30-Gen., DEP 30.10.60.30-Gen. and DEP 31.40.20.32-Gen. Inert gas protection (purging before and during welding) shall be provided. There shall be no hydrogen in the shielding or backing gas. DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 6 3.REMOVAL OF OXIDATION 3.1MECHANI
32、CAL CLEANING Oxidation may be removed by mechanical means. The surface shall be polished with a grinder and a smooth transition to the unpolished base material surface shall be made. The final surface roughness, Ra, shall be less than 12.5 micrometres. 3.2PICKLING AND PASSIVATION USING LIQUIDS Pickl
33、ing and passivation shall be carried out in acid solutions which should be based upon a mixture of HF/HNO3. The acid concentrations shall be controlled by means of analysis. Details on minimum and maximum concentrations (including contaminating elements such as. Fe2+, Fe3+ and other metal ions), exp
34、osure time and temperature shall be included in the pickling procedure. For final rinsing, only fresh water with a chloride ion concentration of less than 200 mg/kg, shall be used. After rinsing, the item shall be dried using blowers. 3.3PICKLING AND PASSIVATION USING PASTES Pickling and passivation
35、 using pastes shall only be carried out on the outside of equipment, pipelines, pipes etc. Pastes shall be specifically produced for the purpose of oxidation removal and shall contain no halogens. Any residuals of such pastes shall be removed after cleaning by washing with copious quantities of fres
36、h water. DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 7 4.OXIDATION ACCEPTANCECRITERIA The seven colour plates included in Appendix 1 show examples of oxidation ranging from hardly any oxidation to very heavy oxidation. The acceptance of the grades of colouration is indicated on each plate. DEP 30.10.60.
37、31-Gen. December 1998 Page 8 5.REFERENCES In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications: NOTE:Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto. SHELL STANDARDS Index to DEP publicat
38、ions and Standard SpecificationsDEP 00.00.05.05-Gen. Welding of pipelines and related facilitiesDEP 61.40.20.30-Gen. (amendments/supplements to ANSI/API Std 1104) Welding on pressurised pipingDEP 30.10.60.30-Gen. CRA clad or lined steel pipeDEP 31.40.20.32-Gen. (amendments/supplements to API 5LD) DE
39、P 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 9 APPENDIX 1ACCEPTANCECRITERIA FOR OXIDATION OF STAINLESS STEEL WELDMENTS PLATE 1:ACCEPTABLE; VERY GOOD RESULT; NO DISCOLOURATION PLATE 2:ACCEPTABLE; WELD FREE OF SIGNIFICANT OXIDATION PLATE 3:ACCEPTABLE; SLIGHT DISCOLOURATION; WELD SHINY, NO SCALE PRESENT PLATE
40、 4:ACCEPTABLE; SLIGHT DISCOLOURATION; WELD SHINY, NO SCALE PRESENT PLATE 5:UNACCEPTABLE; OXIDE LAYER PRESENT (GREY COLOUR) ON AND NEAR WELD; LACK OF PROPER BACK-PURGING PLATE 6:UNACCEPTABLE; OXIDE LAYER PRESENT (GREY COLOUR), WELD BURNED; LACK OF PROPER BACK-PURGING PLATE 7:UNACCEPTABLE; EXTREMELY B
41、AD RESULT; VERY HEAVY OXIDE LAYER PRESENT - THIS MAY DEVELOP WHENWELDINGWITH COATED ELECTRODES (SMAW) OR WITH TIG WELDING (GTAW) WITH SEVERE LACK OF BACK-PURGING DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 10 PLATE 1:ACCEPTABLE;VERY GOOD RESULT; NO DISCOLOURATION DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page
42、11 PLATE 2:ACCEPTABLE;WELD FREE OF SIGNIFICANT OXIDATION DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 12 PLATE 3:ACCEPTABLE; SLIGHT DISCOLOURATION; WELD SHINY, NO SCALE PRESENT DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 13 PLATE 4:ACCEPTABLE; SLIGHT DISCOLOURATION; WELD SHINY, NO SCALE PRESENT DEP 30.10.60.
43、31-Gen. December 1998 Page 14 PLATE 5:UNACCEPTABLE; OXIDE LAYER PRESENT (GREY COLOUR) ON AND NEAR WELD; LACK OF PROPER BACK-PURGING DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 15 PLATE 6:UNACCEPTABLE; OXIDE LAYER PRESENT (GREY COLOUR), WELD BURNED; LACK OF PROPER BACK-PURGING DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 16 PLATE 7:UNACCEPTABLE; EXTREMELY BAD RESULT; VERY HEAVY OXIDE LAYER PRESENT - THIS MAY DEVELOP WHEN WELDING WITH COATED ELECTRODES (SMAW) OR WITH TIG WELDING (GTAW) WITH SEVERE LACK OF BACK-PURGING DEP 30.10.60.31-Gen. December 1998 Page 17 Last page of this DEP