《DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen.pdf（49页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、MANUAL INTERNALS FOR COLUMNS DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell International Oil Products B.V. and Shell Inte
2、rnational Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (elect
3、ronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Explo
4、ration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and
5、they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice applied by Group
6、 companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for t
7、heir consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth
8、in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Pr
9、incipal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical adviso
10、r. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distingu
11、ished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appr
12、opriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standard
13、s. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use
14、, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms
15、in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. T
16、hey shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information
17、satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new
18、 procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 31.20.
19、20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION.5 1.1SCOPE 5 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS5 1.3DEFINITIONS 6 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES6 2.GENERAL. 7 2.1GENERAL 7 2.2NET FREE (OPEN) AREA.7 2.3COLUMN ATTACHMENTS.7 2.4ACCESS TO THE COLUMN FOR INSTALLATION AND RE
20、MOVAL7 2.5MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION8 2.6SPARES FOR ERECTION8 2.7WELDING 8 2.8BOLTS. 8 3.FRACTIONATING TRAYS9 3.1PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.9 3.2MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS.9 3.3DRAINING AND LEAKAGE.11 3.4INSTALLATION, REMOVAL AND ASSEMBLY11 3.5PROVISIONS FOR ACCESS12 3.6SPECIFIC TYPES OF FRACTIONATING TRAYS12
21、 4.DRAW-OFF TRAYS, LIQUID COLLECTORS AND GRAVITY LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS14 4.1PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.15 4.2MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS.16 4.3DRAINING AND LEAKAGE.18 4.4INSTALLATION, REMOVAL AND ASSEMBLY19 4.5PROVISIONS FOR ACCESS20 4.6SPECIFIC TYPES OF DRAW-OFF TRAYS, LIQUID COLLECTORS AND GRAVITY DISTRIBUTOR
22、S.21 5.PACKING 29 5.1PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.29 5.2MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS.29 5.3DRAINING AND LEAKAGE.30 5.4INSTALLATION, REMOVAL AND ASSEMBLY30 5.5PROVISIONS FOR ACCESS30 5.6SPECIFIC TYPES OF PACKING31 6.FEED INLET DEVICES.32 6.1PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.32 6.2MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS.32 6.3DRAINING AND LEA
23、KAGE.32 6.4INSTALLATION, REMOVAL AND ASSEMBLY33 6.5PROVISIONS FOR ACCESS33 6.6SPECIFIC TYPES OF FEED INLETS.33 7.REFERENCES37 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1NORMAL CALMING SECTION DOWNCOMERS.38 APPENDIX 2HiFi CALMING SECTION DOWNCOMER 39 APPENDIX 3OPEN STRUCTURE SUPPORT BEAM40 APPENDIX 4TRAY SUPPORT RINGS.41
24、APPENDIX 5TYPICAL TOTAL DRAW-OFF TRAY WITH SIDE SUMP.42 DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 3 APPENDIX 6TYPICAL TOTAL DRAW-OFF TRAY WITH CENTRAL TROUGH.43 APPENDIX 7TYPICAL TOTAL DRAW-OFF TRAY WITH TWO TROUGHS.44 APPENDIX 8TYPICAL TOTAL DRAW-OFF TRAY FOR HiFi CALMING SECTION TRAY 45 APPENDIX 9TY
25、PICAL PARTIAL DRAW-OFF TRAY.46 APPENDIX 10TYPICAL SINGLE-DECK DRAW-OFF TRAY WITH TWO TROUGHS47 APPENDIX 11LEAKAGE TEST AND TEST CERTIFICATE.48 APPENDIX 12LIQUID MALDISTRIBUTION TEST FOR GRAVITY LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS.49 DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 4 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This DEP specifie
26、s requirements and gives recommendations for the design, fabrication and shop testing of column internals. For field inspection, refer to DEP 61.10.08.11-Gen. This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated August 1988. The previous title was “Trays for columns”; this revision updates the
27、 requirements for trays and has been extended to also include packed sections. The following types of trays are covered: bubble cap trays; grid trays; sieve trays; valve trays; trays with conventional downcomers; trays with normal calming section downcomers; trays with HiFi calming section downcomer
28、s; The following types of liquid collectors are covered: partial draw-off trays; total draw-off trays; chimney trays; gutter arrangement above a bottom compartment; vane collectors. The following internals packing systems are covered: structured packing; random packing; support grids; hold-down grid
29、s (bed limiter). The following feed inlet devices are covered: liquid gravity distributors; liquid elbows; spray nozzles; HiFi Schoepentoeters. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by SIOP and SIEP, the distribution of this DEP is confined to compan
30、ies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group or managed by a Group company, and to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “F“, as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, chemical plants, gas plants and, wh
31、ere applicable, in production facilities. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 5 stringent than in this DEP the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements are the more stringent
32、and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulati
33、ons. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or mana
34、gement of a project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is th
35、e party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requireme
36、nt. The word should indicates a recommendation. 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (7). DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 6 2.GENERAL 2.1GENERAL
37、 This DEP specifies basic requirements and recommendations. To further specify the design the Manufacturer will normally receive data requisition sheets DEP 31.20.20.93-Gen. or an order giving all the information and design data together with lay-out drawings (e.g. showing feed and draw-off nozzle o
38、rientation, manhole position), if these are required. For draw-off trays, data requisition sheet DEP 31.20.20.94-Gen. shall be used. Manufacturers drawings shall be submitted to the Principal for approval and shall show all constructional details, including downcomer and tray panel fastenings, and l
39、ocation, size and fastening of manholes and distributor supports. The internals Supplier is responsible for ensuring that the mechanical design of the internals, including their support, is satisfactory for the design conditions indicated on the requisition and/or drawings. The internals Supplier sh
40、all make his own calculations, for which he is fully responsible. However, the requirements specified in the order and requisition shall prevail if more stringent. 2.2NET FREE (OPEN) AREA The net free area of a column internal is the ratio of the total hole area (for vapour passage) to the columns c
41、ross-sectional area expressed as a percentage. The maximum allowable deviation of the net free area shall be plus or minus 0.5% of the columns cross section, or plus or minus 5.0% of the stated net free area, whichever is the smaller. 2.3COLUMN ATTACHMENTS Column attachments such as support rings, s
42、upport lugs and drip rings shall be designed by the internals Supplier but shall be supplied and installed by the column Manufacturer. To this end, the internals Supplier shall supply column internal attachment drawings in sufficient time to enable the column Manufacturer to meet his delivery date.
43、Drawings of attachments that are welded to the column should be made by the column Manufacturer. Drawings of attachments that are bolted to the column wall should be drawn by the internals Supplier. Each internal part connected to a column attachment or the column wall (support beam, schoepentoeter,
44、 tray etc.) should have a connection suitable for the expected thermal expansion, e.g. bolted connections should be applied with a slotted hole. The location and type of connection shall be determined by the internals Supplier. Column internals shall be fastened to support rings and beams in such a
45、way that they can be easily mounted and dismounted. 2.4ACCESS TO THE COLUMN FOR INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL A top flange or a top dome with a top flange should be provided to allow passage of column internals. Columns with a diameter smaller than 1.0 m should be designed with a top flange. For columns
46、with a diameter larger than 2.0 m, a top dome with a top flange should be considered. For columns with a diameter between 1.0 and 2.0 m, the most economical of the two options should be chosen. A top dome should have a diameter of at least 1.0 m, but no more than 1.5 m or half the column diameter. T
47、he height of a top dome shall be at least twice the top dome diameter. Manholes should be provided for other column internals. The internal diameter of manholes should be at least 610 mm, but in any case shall not be less than 460 mm. To facilitate access to the column internals, column manholes sho
48、uld be located as follows: -every 15 to 20 fractionating or contacting trays; -next to a schoepentoeter; -below a spray distributor; -above a gravity liquid distributor; DEP 31.20.20.31-Gen. December 1997 Page 7 -below draw-off trays; -in the bottom compartment/sump of the column; -in the flash zone
49、; -at the top of the column if there is no top flange or top dome. If a manhole is installed between two column internals, the clearance between the manhole and the internal above or below should be at least 150 mm. The internals Supplier shall verify that the manholes and top flange or top dome necessary for the installation of the column internals will be provided on the column. 2.5MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Materials of construction shall be as specified on the data requisition sheet or in the order. Corrosion allowance, if any, shall be as specified on the data requis