《DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen.pdf（82页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、MANUAL PRESSURE RELIEF, EMERGENCY DEPRESSURING, FLARE AND VENT SYSTEMS DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 (DEP Circular 32/98 has been incorporated) DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without
2、the prior written consent of Shell International Oil Products B.V. and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole n
3、or any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version PREFACE D
4、EP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service
5、Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvementwith the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is m
6、ade to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommendedstandard for good design and engineeringpractice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other s
7、uch facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or div
8、ersity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely res
9、ponsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as refl
10、ected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the
11、 Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these
12、Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred
13、to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disc
14、laim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure
15、in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP
16、 and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent o
17、f SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed t
18、o the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requiremen
19、ts for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 2 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION .5 1.2DISTRIBUTION,
20、INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS6 1.3DEFINITIONS 7 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES 8 2.PRESSURE RELIEF .9 2.1GENERAL9 2.2RELIEF REQUIREMENTS; COMMENTS ON API RP 520/521. 10 2.3THERMAL EXPANSION RELIEF VALVES (TERVs). 12 2.4THE USE OF INSTRUMENTED PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS 13 2.5RELIEF DEVICE SELECTION.15 2
21、.6RELIEF DEVICE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 19 2.7RELIEF DEVICE SIZING METHODS 21 2.8RELIEF VALVE LOCATION AND ARRANGEMENT . 22 2.9PREVENTION OF MALFUNCTIONING OF RELIEF VALVES 24 3.EMERGENCY DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS 25 3.1GENERAL25 3.2DETERMINATION OF DEPRESSURING REQUIREMENTS 25 3.3SECTIONING OF PROCESS SYS
22、TEMS 25 3.4DEPRESSURING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 26 3.5EVALUATION OF DEPRESSURING RATE27 3.6LOW TEMPERATURE EVALUATION .27 3.7DEPRESSURING DEVICE LOCATION.27 4.FLARE AND VENT SYSTEMS .28 4.1GENERAL28 4.2DESIGN OF PIPING UPSTREAM OF A RELIEF DEVICE 29 4.3SELECTION OF GAS DISPOSAL SYSTEMS .30 4.4FLARE/VE
23、NT SYSTEM LOAD ANALYSIS 34 4.5SIZING OF DOWNSTREAM PIPING SYSTEMS 35 4.6LAYOUT OF DOWNSTREAM PIPING SYSTEMS 36 4.7BLOCKAGE DUE TO HYDRATE FORMATION IN DOWNSTREAM PIPING SYSTEM38 4.8FLOW MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS 39 4.9PIPING DESIGN40 5.KNOCK-OUT DRUMS, WATER SEAL VESSELS AND LIQUID DISPOSAL FACILITIE
24、S .41 5.1DESIGN OF FLARE AND VENT KNOCK-OUT DRUMS. 41 5.2WATER SEAL VESSELS (SEE APPENDICES 3, 4, AND 5) 44 5.3LIQUID DISPOSAL FACILITIES 45 6.STRUCTURES FOR FLARE AND VENT STACKS AND LIQUID BURNERS47 6.1GENERAL47 6.2TYPE OF STRUCTURES47 6.3HEAT RADIATION LEVELS 48 6.4DISPERSION LEVELS 49 6.5NOISE L
25、IMITS .49 7.FLARE AND VENT TIPS.51 7.1GENERAL51 7.2FLARE TIP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .51 8.FLARE AND VENT PURGING53 8.1GENERAL53 8.2PURGING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 53 DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 3 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 8.3PURGE REDUCTION SEALS .54 8.4FLAME ARRESTORS .54
26、9.VENT SNUFFING56 9.1GENERAL56 9.2VENT SNUFFING REQUIREMENTS 56 10.FLARE PILOTS AND IGNITION .57 10.1GENERAL57 10.2FLARE PILOT REQUIREMENTS 57 10.3FLARE IGNITION REQUIREMENTS 58 11.VENTING ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS. 59 12.REFERENCES 60 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1VAPOUR RELIEF REQUIREMENTS
27、 FOR FIRE EXPOSURE. 62 APPENDIX 2TYPICAL LINE-UPS OF THERMAL EXPANSION RELIEF VALVES .64 APPENDIX 3HYDROCARBON FLARE SYSTEM AND H2S FLARE SYSTEM. 66 APPENDIX 4WATER SEAL VESSEL DESIGN CHART68 APPENDIX 5TYPICAL DESIGN FEATURES OF WATER SEAL VESSEL . 69 APPENDIX 6ARRANGEMENT OF BLOCK VALVE FOR ISOLATI
28、NG UNIT 70 APPENDIX 7F-FACTORS USED IN THE API MODEL TO DETERMINE RADIATION 71 APPENDIX 8ESTIMATE OF STEAM INJECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR FLARING72 APPENDIX 9PURGE RATES REQUIRED FOR PIPE FLARES 73 APPENDIX 10FLARE KNOCK-OUT DRUM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 74 DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 4 PDF created
29、 with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.INTRODUCTION ThisDEPspecifiesrequirementsandgivesrecommendations for thedesignand engineering of pressure relief, emergency depressuring, flare and vent systems. This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated August 1988. For pressure relief facilities o
30、f liquefied petroleum gas in bulk storage installations, DEP 30.06.10.12-Gen. shall also apply. Relieving facilities for vessels in marketing installations of capacities up to and including 135 m3shall be assessed in accordance with NFPA 58. For the rating and adjustment of relief valves on power bo
31、ilers refer to ASME I. The relieving facilities for pressure vessels shall be in accordance with the following standards: ASME VIII, Division 1 or 2; API RP 520, Part I and Part II; API RP 521. This DEP gives clarification of, amendments to and additional requirements to the above standards. DEP 80.
32、45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 5 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by SIOP and SIEP, the distribution of this DEP is confined to companies forming part of or managed by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and
33、 to Contractors nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code “C“ as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in oil refineries, gas plants, chemical plants, oil and gas production facilities and supply/marketing installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in whic
34、h some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases th
35、e Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow t
36、his DEP as closely as possible. DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 6 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.3DEFINITIONS 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of
37、 a project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party w
38、hich initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requirement. The w
39、ord should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2Specific definitions Pressure and temperature termsare defined in DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen. LODMATLowest One-Day Mean Ambient Temperature. DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 7 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-refer
40、ences to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section number is shown in brackets. Other documents referenced in this DEP are listed in (12). DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 8 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 2.PRESSURE RELIEF 2.1GENERAL This section covers the selectio
41、n, design and arrangement of pressure relieving devices. DEP 80.45.10.10-Gen. July 1996 Page 9 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 2.2RELIEF REQUIREMENTS; COMMENTS ON API RP 520/521 2.2.1General A pressure system can be protected by one or more relief valves, provided it is ensured that t
42、he system remains open under all conditions. It shall be established that blockage cannot occur due to valve closure, freezing, solidification, fouling, sublimation, damage of internals, etc., which could cause a section of the system to become isolated with no means of overpressure protection. For
43、each relief device the applicable causes of relief action and the resulting relief requirements shall be determined. The data for all pertinent relief conditions shall be recorded on a relief valve calculation sheet (DEP 31.36.90.94-Gen.) and in a safeguarding memorandum according to DEP 01.00.02.12
44、-Gen. The possible causes are listed in API RP 520, Part 1, Table 1. A more detailed description of the causes of relief action is given in API RP 521, Chapters 2 and 3. For the case of excess flow from a high pressure source (high pressure - low pressure interface) the largest contribution of eithe
45、r the fully open control valve or the fully open bypass valve shall be taken into account. The calculation shall be based on the worst case situation; typically this will be 100% vapour breakthrough (no liquid) and shall be made for the actually installed valves. For the highly improbable event that
46、 gas breakthrough takes place when both control valve and bypass are fully open, the capacity of the relief valve shall be such that the downstream pressure shall not exceed the hydrotest pressure of the system, taking into account any differences between the hydrotest temperature and the maximum op
47、erating temperature. In addition to the causes stated in API RP 520 and API RP 521 the emergency releases under start-up and shutdown conditions shall also be considered since they can be more severe than at design operating conditions. In liquid-full systems, where no vapour buffer is present, reli
48、ef valve chatter (i.e. rapid opening and closing of the valve) can be violent and very destructive due to its high frequency. It can easily result in damage to the relief valves themselves and to piping components. Therefore, the need for liquid relief in the event of blocked outlets should be obvia
49、ted by matching the design pressure of liquid-full systems to the pressure of the blocked outlet case. 2.2.2Fire case requirements Amended per Circular 32/98 Equipment shall be protected against high pressure due to fire under the following conditions: a)If the equipment is located in an area where a sustained intense fire might occur, and b)If it is conceivable that the equipment is blocked in without having been