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1、 - CENELEC ENV*50Lhh-L 95 3404583 OLbOL89 304 BRITISH STANDARD Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - Low-frequency (O Hz to 10 kHz) DD ENV 50166-1 : 1995 - CENELEC ENV*501bb-1 95 1111 3404583 0160290 O26 W DD ENV 50166-1 : 1995 This Draft for Development, hawig been prepared under the direction
2、 of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, w a s published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 16 October 1995 O B I 1995 Committees responsible for this Draft for Development The preparation of this Draft for Development was entrusted by %chnical Committee GELI1 11 , Hum
3、an exposure to electromagnetic fields, to Subcommittee GEL/111/1, Human exposure to low-frequency and high-frequency radiation, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances British Broadcasting Corporation British National Committee
4、 for Electroheat Department of Health Department of Trade and Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Electricity Division) ERA Technology Ltd. Electricity Association Federation of the Electronics Industry Health and Safety Executive Induction and Dielectric Heating Manufacturers Association Ins
5、titute of Physical Sciences in Medicine (IPSM) Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. Mercury Communications Limited Ministry of Defence National Air Traffic Services National Radiological Protection Board Radiocommunications Agency Amendments issued since publication I -E* affected Date The following BS
6、I reference relates to the work on this Draft for Development: Committee reference GEL/111/1 ISBN O MIO 2 4 m 9 -,-,- - CENELEC ENVt501bb-1 95 3404583 0160191 Tb2 DD ENV 50166-1 : 1995 Contents Committees responsible National foreword Page inside front cover ii Foreword Text Of ENV 50166-1 2 3 1 -,-
7、,- CENELEC ENV*50166-1 95 3404583 OLbOL92 9T9 DD ENV 50166-1 : 1995 National foreword This Draft for Development has been prepared by Subcommittee GEL/111/1 and is the English language version of ENV 50166-1 : 1995 Human exposure to electromagnetic fields - hw-frequency (O Hz to 10 kHz), published b
8、y the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because it is not possible to determine the biologically releva
9、nt quantities directly. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization respon
10、sible for its conversion to a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its three-year life. The commencement of the review period w i l l be notified by an
11、announcement in BSI News. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible B I Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the prestandard or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secret
12、ary of BSI Subcommittee GEL/111/1 at 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. i CENELEC ENV*50Lbb-L 95 3404583 OLbOL93 835 EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD ENV 50166-1 PRNORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE VO
13、RNORM January 1995 ICs 29.020 Descriptors: Electric and magnetic low frequency fields, human exposure, basic restrictions, measurement, calculation English version Human exposure to electromagnetic fields Low-frequency (O Hz to 10 kHz) This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CENELEC on 1994-
14、11-30 as a prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CENELEC will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted int0.a European Standa
15、rd (EN). CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final decisio
16、n about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin
17、gdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B- 1050 Brussels O 1995 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. ENV 50166-1 : 1995 E
18、-,-,- CENELEC ENV*50Lbb-L 95 3404583 OLbOL94 771 Page 2 ENV 50166-1 : 1995 Foreword This European Prestandard has been prepared by SC lllA, Low-frequency EM radiation, of %chnical Committee CENELEC TC 111, Electromagnetic fields in the human environment. The text of the draft was voted on and accept
19、ed during the combined meeting of CENELEC Tc 111 and its SCs on 1994-11-30. The following date was fixed: - latest date of announcement of the ENV at national level (doa) 1995-03-01 Documents referred to in this Prestandard are indicated by a number between square brackets and are listed in annex D,
20、 References. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Scope 3 Definitions 4 Limits 5 Checking compliance with field levels Annexes A Rationale B C Methods for controlling exposure D References Figures 1 Basic restrictions on induced 2 Electric and magnetic field Derivation of field reference levels from induced cu
21、rrent density current density and contact current reference levels Page 3 4 4 6 11 14 17 18 19 21 22 -,-,- - CENELEC ENVm50Lbb-L 95 3404583 OLbOL95 608 Page 3 ENV 50166-1 : 1995 1 Introduction This Prestandard, which is divided into two parts, deals with the exposure of persons to electromagnetic fi
22、elds and radiation at all frequencies fiom O up to 300 GHz (Part 1: O to 10 IrHz and Part 2: 10 kHz to 300 GHz). Electromagnetic fields interact with the human body and other biological systems through a number of physical mechanisms. This Prestandard is based on well- established short-term effkcts
23、, which, depending on the frequency, include the stimulation of electrically-excitable cells in nerve and muscle tissue and heating. Basic restrictions are given to prevent any adverse consequences of these effects. They are specified in terms of biologically relevant quantities, typically induced c
24、urrent density and specific absorption rate. These quantities cannot be determined directly so the standard specifies a set of more-readily-measurable reference levels, in terms of external electric and magnetic fieid strengths and power density, derived fiom the basic restrictions. Pulsed electroma
25、gnetic fields may produce other effects, such as the auditory perception of microwave puises, in addition to those associated with continuous wave radiation. For these, restrictions in terns of specific energy absorption and energy flux density are given. Electromagnetic fields can also interact ind
26、irectly when a person touches a conductive object in a field. If the field is sufficiently intense, the person may experience a shock or bum. To control these effects, limits are specified for the contact current. This Prestandard has a two-tier stmcture in which lower levels are specified for the g
27、eneral public than for workers. For the general public. allowance has to be made for all likely activities and for all ages and states of health Such persons may be unaware of some of the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields. whereas appropnate information and training can be provided for w
28、orkers. There are repons that electromagnetic fields of lower intensity than the references levels specified in this standard may have long-term effects on health Currently available research however has not established adverse effects and does not provide a basis for restricting exposure. Cardiac p
29、acemakers and other active implantable devices are designed to cope with the typical levels of electroma-netic interference encountered in daily life However, some devices - and also some metallic prosthetic implants - may be affected below the reference levels given in this Prestandard When necessa
30、q,. advice should be sousht from the manufacturer of the device and from the medical authonty which implanted it A CENELEC Standard concerning interference and implantable cardiac pacemakers is available EN 5006 I 1988/A1: 19951 This Ptestandard sets basic restrictions and reference levels that have
31、 been derived in a documented way It is recogized that additional considerations may lead some countries to regard the reference levels as minimum requirements in certain frequency ranges and add further margins. This Prestandard is issued as a prospective standard for provisional application so as
32、to gain experience in its use. It may be modified in the light of that experience or new scientific data before conversion to a full standard. or it may be withdrawn -,-,- The present document is regarded as a basic standard. Further standardization work should include the development of product and
33、 product family standards, based on this document, which define precisely the measurement method in each case. T h i s additional work should be done in the coming years in parallel with the review of ENV 50166. 2 Scope This part of the Prestandard deals with the prevention of adverse short-term eff
34、ects of human exposure to static and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields in the frequency range from O to 10 kHz. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the electric and magnetic fields must be considered separately. The rationale is set out in Annex A. This Prestandard does not appl
35、y to the deliberate exposure of persons to electric or magnetic fields during medical research, diagnosis or treatment. Safety hazards which may be associated with the ignition of flammable materiais or the triggering of explosive devices in strong fields are not covered. Compliance with this Presta
36、ndard may not exclude interference with or effects on some examples of implants such as cardiac pacemakers. It is recognjsed that it will not always be possible to comply with the provisions of this standard under exceptional operating conditions, such as momentary short-circuit or fault currents, i
37、nherent in the technology of electrical equipment. 3 Definitions 3.1 Basic restrictions Basic restrictions are the requirements or values specified for the quantities closely related to the biological effects to be controlled Basic restrictions shall not be exceeded. For the frequency range covered
38、by this part of the standard, there are basic restrictions in terms of induced current density, contact current, electric field and static magnetic field. 3.2 Reference levels Reference levels are more-readily-measurable quantities, such as field levels, derived from the basic restrictions and given
39、 to provide a simpler means to veri compliance with the basic restrictions and to assess field effects Their derivation includes margins based on considerations of a wide range of possible exposure situations so that, under all reasonable conditions, the basic restriction would not be exceeded if th
40、e field is below the associated reference level. In general, the reference levels may be exceeded provided the basic restrictions are not exceeded. This method of assessment may be necessary for regions of markedly non-uniform field. CENELEC ENV*SOLbb-L 95 3404583 OLb0197 480 m Page 6 ENV 501681 : 1
41、995 3.3 Directef5eets Direct effcts are those resulting fiom the direct coupling of an d d c or magnctk fieid to the human body. An electric field induces a sudace charge on an exposed body, which may give rise to a tingling of the skin, vibration of body h a i r and small discharges, for example to
42、 clothing. An alternating electric or magnetic field gives rise to an induced current within the body whose magnitude depends on the field strength, the frequency and the size, shape and orientation of the body. T h i s current may stimulate nerves and muscle tissue at high current densities. An int
43、ense static magnetic field may induce vertigo or nausea in a person moving in the field. 3.4 Indirect effects Indirect effects are those resulting fiom the coupling of an electric or magnetic field to some object, such as a metaiiic structure, and then to a person who touches the object. Spark disch
44、arges and a continuing contact current may result which, depending on their magnitude, can cause nerve and muscle stimulation, discomfort, startle, electric shock and bums. 3.5 Workers Employed and self-employed persons are termed workers whilst following their employment 3.6 General public All non-
45、workers. See 3.5 for the definition of workers. 3.7 Electric field The electric field created in the vicinity of a charged conductor is a vector quantified by the electric field strength E. This quantity is the force exerted by an electric field on a unit charge and is measured in volts per metre (V
46、/m). In the case of sinusoidally varying fields. the E vector either oscillates along a fixed axis (single-phase source) or rotates in a plane and describes an ellipse (polyphase or multiple synchronous sources). Because the electric field in the vicinity of conductive objects (including persons) is
47、 generally perturbed by such objects, the value of the unperturbed electric field (e the field that would exkt in the absence of movable objects and persons) shall be used to characterize exposure conditions. 3.8 Magnetic field The magnetic field is a vector quantity. As in the case of electric fiel
48、ds, this vector either oscillates along a fixed axis (single-phase source) or rotates in a plane and describes an ellipse (polyphase or multiple synchronous sources). The magnetic field strength, H, is expressed in amperes per metre (Nm) -,-,- - CENELEC ENV*503bb-1 95 3404583 0360398 317 Page 6 ENV 501661 : 1996 However, the magnetic flux density, B, also known as the magnetic induction, is often used to characthe magnetic fields, particularly in the context of biological effects. The magnetic flux density is defined i n terms of the force exerted on a charge movkg in the field and has the un