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1、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1436 July 2007 ICS 93.080.30Supersedes EN 1436:1997 English Version Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users Produits de marquage routier - Performances des marquages routiers pour les usagers de la route Straenmarkierungsm
2、aterialien - Anforderungen an Markierungen auf Straen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a
3、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
4、translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, G
5、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORM
6、UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1436:2007: E EN 1436:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and def
7、initions .5 4 Requirements.6 Annex A (normative) Measurement method for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd.12 A.1 Introduction12 A.2 Spectral match.13 A.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment13 A.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment.14 A.5 Calibration o
8、f measuring equipment.14 A.6 Uncertainty of measurement15 Annex B (normative) Measurement method for the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL16 B.1 Introduction16 B.2 Spectral match of measuring equipment16 B.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment17 B.4 Practical applications of
9、 measuring equipment.17 B.5 Calibration of measuring equipment.18 B.6 Condition of wetness 19 B.7 Condition of rain19 B.8 Uncertainty of measurement19 Annex C (normative) Measuring method for the luminance factor and chromaticity co-ordinates x and y21 C.1 Standard measuring condition.21 C.2 Measuri
10、ng equipment21 C.3 Uncertainty of measurement21 Annex D (normative) Measuring method for skid resistance.22 D.1 Principle of the test.22 D.2 Description of the skid resistance tester .22 D.3 Maintenance of the rubber slider22 D.4 Adjustment of the sliding length.23 D.5 Measuring the SRT value.23 D.6
11、 Correction for the temperature23 D.7 Uncertainty of measurement.24 Bibliography25 EN 1436:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1436:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the statu
12、s of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2008. This document supersedes EN 1436:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the na
13、tional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway
14、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 1436:2007 (E) 4 Introduction Road markings together with road studs form the means for horizontal signalization. Road markings include longitudinal markings, arrows, transverse markings, text and symbo
15、ls on the surface of the highway etc. Road markings can be provided by the application of paint, thermoplastic materials or cold hardening materials, pre- formed lines and symbols or by other means. Most road markings are white or yellow, but in special cases other colours are used. Road markings ar
16、e either permanent or temporary. The functional life of temporary road markings is limited by the duration of the road works. For permanent road markings it is best for reasons of safety to have a functional life that is as long as possible. Road markings can be applied with or without the addition
17、of glass beads. With glass beads the retroreflection of the marking is achieved when the marking is illuminated by vehicle headlamps. The retroreflection of a marking, in wet or rainy conditions, can also be enhanced by special properties. The properties can be produced by surface texture (as with s
18、tructured markings), large glass beads or other means. In the case of surface texture, the passage of wheels can produce acoustic or vibration effects. The value of a parameter for a particular road marking location is dependant of the surface condition of the road marking, which is influenced by th
19、e local conditions, time of the year, traffic history, weather and other factors. It should be taken into account that the value measured on a particular occasion is not necessarily the average or typical value of that road marking. EN 1436:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the per
20、formance for road users of white and yellow road markings, as expressed by their reflection in daylight or under road lighting, retroreflection in vehicle headlamp illumination, colour and skid resistance. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicatio
21、n of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-845:19871), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 845: Lighting ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or ther
22、moplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 4662, Rubber Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates ISO/CIE 10526, CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given
23、 in IEC 60050-845:1987 and the following apply. 3.1 luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination (of a field of a road marking) Qd (mcdm-2lx-1) quotient of the luminance of the field of the road marking in the given direction by the illuminance on the field 3.2 luminance factor (of a field of a
24、road marking, in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination) (unit: 1) ratio of the luminance of the field of the road marking in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting diffuser identically illuminated NOTE This definition is slightly adapted as compared to the defini
25、tion of IEC 60050-845. 3.3 coefficient of retroreflected luminance (of a field of a road marking) RL (mcdm-2lx-1) quotient of the luminance L of the field of the road marking in the direction of observation by the illuminance E at the field perpendicular to the direction of the incident light 3.4 sk
26、id resistance tester value (of a road marking) skid resistance quality of a wet surface measured by the friction at low speed of a rubber slider upon this surface. The abbreviation SRT applies 3.5 functional life (of a road marking) period during which the road marking fulfils all the performance re
27、quirements of the classes initially specified by the road authority 1) CIE Publication 17.4 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary is identical to IEC 60050-845. EN 1436:2007 (E) 6 3.6 structured road marking (in the sense of not allowing measurement of the luminance factor and/or the SRT value)
28、road marking with a structured surface that does not have areas of road marking of regular dimensions and planeness. This may be by the formation of patterns, profiles, random texture or other features NOTE 1 At least some commercially available instruments allow measurement of the luminance factor
29、on approximately flat areas with a diameter of minimum 10 mm at the top of the structure, or a somewhat larger size deeper in the structure to allow contact of the instruments. The areas may curve with a radius of curvature of minimum 50 mm. NOTE 2 The slider used to measure the SRT value requires a
30、pproximately flat areas of a width of minimum the width of the slider (76,2 0,5 mm) and a length of minimum the sliding length of the slider (126 1 mm) at the top of the structure, or somewhat longer for areas deeper in the structure, in order to allow for the free swing of the slider. The areas may
31、 be crossed by gaps that take up maximum 75 % of the total surface area and have widths of maximum 5 mm. The areas may have ridges or edges of blocks with a height of maximum 1,2 mm. 3.7 type I and type II road markings type II road markings are road markings with special properties intended to enha
32、nce the retroreflection in wet or rainy conditions, type I road markings do not necessarily have such special properties 4 Requirements 4.1 General The requirements specified relate to the performance of road markings during their functional life. The requirements are expressed by several parameters
33、 representing different aspects of the performance of road markings and for some of these in terms of classes of increasing performance. NOTE 1 The length of the functional life depends on whether the road marking is of short or long durability, on whether the road marking is run on by traffic (e.g.
34、 symbols on the carriageway compared to continuous edge lines), on the traffic density, on the roughness of the road surface and on matters relating to local conditions like the use of studded tyres in some countries. NOTE 2 The classes enable different priorities to be given to the different aspect
35、s of performance of road markings depending on particular circumstances. Classes of high performance cannot always be achieved for two or more of these parameters simultaneously. As an example, a road marking may have drop-on glass beads or drop-on anti-skid aggregates, aiming at high classes of eit
36、her retroreflection (RL) or skid resistance (SRT). In general, high classes of retroreflection and slip/skid resistance cannot be obtained together. Further, the selection of performance classes implies a compromise between the needs of the drivers and the cost of supplying the performance. The need
37、s of drivers have been studied in COST Action 331, Requirements for horizontal road markings. For skid resistance, emphasis is sometimes placed on those road markings, which occupy a large percentage of the trafficked areas such as zebra crossings, arrows, transverse markings, text and symbols. Ther
38、efore, the choice of performance classes should be fixed in national tender specifications or other national provisions after due consideration of all aspects. In some countries the performance classes cannot be maintained during a limited time period of the year during which the probability of lowe
39、r performance of the road markings is high, due to the presence of water, dust, mud etc. EN 1436:2007 (E) 7 4.2 Reflection in daylight or under road lighting 4.2.1 General Reflection in daylight or under road lighting is measured either by the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd meas
40、ured in accordance with Annex A and expressed in mcdm-2lx-1, or by the luminance factor measured in accordance with Annex C. NOTE Both of the above-mentioned parameters measure the brightness of a road marking as seen in typical or average daylight or under road lighting. The main difference lies in
41、 the viewing directions, which for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd corresponds to a fairly long viewing distance and for the luminance factor to viewing at close range. For some structured road markings, the measured value of the luminance factor is not reliable, refer to 3.6
42、. To assess the visibility in daylight or under road lighting for such road markings, the measurement of Qd may be a more suitable method of test. 4.2.2 Luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd The luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd shall conform to Table 1 for road marki
43、ngs in dry conditions. Table 1 Classes of Qd for dry road markings Road marking Colour Road surface Type Class Minimum luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd in mcdm-2lx-1 White Asphaltic Q0 Q2 Q3 Q4 No performance determined Qd 100 Qd 130 Qd 160 Cement concrete Q0 Q3 Q4 Q5 No performan
44、ce determined Qd 130 Qd 160 Qd 200 Yellow Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 No performance determined Qd 80 Qd 100 Qd 130 The class Q0 is for when daytime visibility is achieved through the value of the luminance factor , see 4.2.3. 4.2.3 Luminance factor The luminance factor shall conform to Table 2 for road markings in
45、 dry conditions. EN 1436:2007 (E) 8 Table 2 Classes of luminance factor for dry road markings Road marking colour Road surface type Class Minimum luminance factor White Asphaltic B0 B2 B3 B4 B5 No performance determined 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 Cement concrete B0 B3 B4 B5 No performance determined 0,40 0
46、,50 0,60 Yellow B0 B1 B2 B3 No performance determined 0,20 0,30 0,40 The class B0 is for when daytime visibility is achieved through the value of the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd, see 4.2.2. 4.3 Retroreflection under vehicle headlamp illumination For the measurement of reflect
47、ion under vehicle headlamp illumination, the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL is used. It shall be measured in accordance with Annex B and is expressed in mcdm-2lx-1. Road markings in the dry condition shall conform to Table 3; and shall conform to Table 4 during wetness and to Table 5 dur
48、ing rain. NOTE The coefficient of retroreflected luminance represents the brightness of a road marking as seen by drivers of vehicles under the illumination by the drivers own headlamps. Table 3 Classes of RL for dry road markings Road marking type and colour Class Minimum coefficient of retroreflec
49、ted luminance RL in mcdm-2lx-1 Permanent White R0 R2 R3 R4 R5 No performance determined RL 100 RL 150 RL 200 RL 300 Yellow R0 R1 R3 R4 No performance determined RL 80 RL 150 RL 200 Temporary R0 R3 R5 No performance determined RL 150 RL 300 The class R0 is intended for conditions, where visibility of the road marking is achieved without retroreflection under vehicle headlamp illumination. EN 1436:2007 (E) 9 Table 4 C