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1、MANUAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRE SAFETY OF ONSHORE INSTALLATIONS DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell International
2、Oil Products B.V. and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in these companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in
3、 any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owners. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication,
4、 of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell International Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvementwith the design, co
5、nstruction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the
6、recommendedstandard for good design and engineeringpractice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization
7、. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible
8、 to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering stand
9、ards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detractin
10、g from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP,
11、SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreement with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Servi
12、ce Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally -
13、work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by a
14、ny company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may iss
15、ue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used
16、exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to b
17、e held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specif
18、ications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need updating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Sta
19、ndard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 2 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION .5 1.1SCOPE 5 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS5 1.3DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 5 1.3
20、.1General definitions.5 1.3.2Specific definitions and abbreviations 6 2.FIRE SAFETY .9 2.1GENERAL9 2.1.1Determination of fire scenarios 9 2.2FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES .12 2.2.1Measures to prevent hydrocarbon releases.12 2.2.2Measures to minimise hydrocarbon release quantities 12 2.2.3Measures to mini
21、mise the probability of ignition of hydrocarbon releases. 13 2.3FIRE PROTECTION OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES 14 2.3.1General14 2.3.2Passive fire protection .14 2.3.3Active fire protection 15 2.4FIRE FIGHTING ORGANISATION AND FACILITIES . 16 2.4.1General16 2.4.2Organisation 16 2.4.3Facilities.17 3.ACTIV
22、E FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES . 18 3.1FIRE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM18 3.1.1General18 3.1.2Fire water flow rates 18 3.1.3Fire-water supply quantity and quality .19 3.1.4Fire-water pumping arrangement.19 3.1.5Selection of fire-water pump drivers 20 3.1.6Fire water distribution system 20 3.2FIRE
23、WATER DISPOSAL FACILITIES 22 3.3EXPOSURE PROTECTION SYSTEMS 23 3.3.1Water application rates23 3.3.2Water spray systems .24 3.3.3Automatic water spray (“deluge“) systems 24 3.3.4Fire water monitors24 3.3.5Water fog systems .24 3.3.6Water curtains25 3.4SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 26 3.5DETECTION,ALARM,AUTOMATIC
24、CONTROLANDMONITORING SYSTEMS27 3.5.1General27 3.5.2Detector type selection 27 3.5.3Alarm presentation and location 29 3.5.4Closed circuit television monitoring systems (CCTV) 29 3.5.5Systems to alert personnel 29 4.FIRE-FIGHTING AGENTS, SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT 30 4.1WATER30 4.2FIRE-FIGHTING FOAMS 30 4
25、.2.1Selecting the type of foam concentrate30 4.2.2Foam storage capacity 30 4.3FOAM SYSTEMS 31 4.3.1Low expansion foam systems31 4.3.2Medium expansion foam systems31 DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 3 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 4.3.3High expansion foam systems .31 4.3.4Speci
26、al foam systems31 4.4GASEOUS SYSTEMS .32 4.4.1Carbon dioxide systems 32 4.4.2Inergen systems 32 4.4.3Inert gas systems.32 4.4.4Steam Systems32 4.5DRY CHEMICAL POWDER SYSTEMS.32 4.6PORTABLE AND MOVABLE FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT . 32 4.6.1General32 4.6.2Distribution .33 5.FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SP
27、ECIFIC AREAS AND EQUIPMENT 34 5.1GENERAL34 5.2FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR ROTATING EQUIPMENT . 35 5.2.1Pumps .35 5.2.2Compressors .36 5.2.3Gas turbines 38 5.2.4Steam turbines.39 5.2.5Turbo expanders39 5.3FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR FIRED EQUIPMENT . 40 5.3.1Furnaces40 5.3.2Steam boilers.40 5.4FIRE SAF
28、ETY FACILITIES FOR STATIC EQUIPMENT . 41 5.4.1Columns and vessels.41 5.4.2Heat exchangers41 5.4.3Slug catcher areas.43 5.5FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR PRESSURISED STORAGE VESSELS AND STORAGE TANKS 44 5.5.1Pressurised storage vessels44 5.5.2Fixed roof storage tanks 45 5.5.3Fixed roof tanks equipped wit
29、h an internal floating cover 46 5.5.4Floating roof tanks .47 5.5.5Atmospheric refrigerated liquefied gas storage tanks 48 5.6FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT . 49 5.6.1Pipe racks and pipe tracks.49 5.6.2Off-site pump stations49 5.6.3Effluent treatment areas 49 5.6.4LPG bottling fac
30、ilities .49 5.7FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR LOADING AREAS. 50 5.7.1Rail car loading facilities 50 5.7.2Road car loading facilities 50 5.7.3Jetty terminals51 5.8FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES FOR BUILDINGS.55 5.8.1General55 5.8.2Plant buildings .55 5.8.3Office buildings 59 6.REFERENCES 61 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1
31、GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 63 APPENDIX 2TYPICALAPPLICATIONSFORHEAT,FIRE,SMOKEAND FLAMMABLE GAS DETECTION71 DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 4 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version APPENDIX 3TYPICAL CAUSE AND ALARM/ACTION MATRIX. 73 DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 5 PDF
32、 created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the determination and selection of fire protection measures for optimising the fire safety of onshore plants. This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated A
33、pril 1985, which had the title “Requirements for Fire Protection in Onshore Oil and Gas Processing and Petrochemical Installations“. This DEP is applicable both to new projects and to the modification and extension of existing plants. This DEP does not include the detailed design and engineering req
34、uirements of the selected method; these are covered by the following DEPs: Fire, gas and smoke detection systemsDEP 32.30.20.11-Gen. Drainage and primary treatment systemsDEP 34.14.20.31-Gen. Fire hazards and fireproofing/cold splashDEP 34.19.20.11-Gen. protection of steel structures Fire-fighting a
35、gentsDEP 80.47.10.10-Gen. Active fire protection systems and equipmentDEP 80.47.10.31-Gen. for onshore facilities Portable and mobile equipment for fire-fightingDEP 80.47.10.32-Gen. Fire-fighting vehicles and fire stationsDEP 80.47.10.33-Gen. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIO
36、NS Unless otherwise authorised by SIOP and SIEP, the distribution of this DEP is confined to companies forming part of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and to Contractors nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “C“, as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in oil refine
37、ries, chemical plants, gas plants, oil and gas production facilities, and supply/marketing installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements a
38、re the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable as regards safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comp
39、ly with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or
40、part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party which manufactures or supplies equipment and services to pe
41、rform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party which initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 6 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical require
42、ments. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation. 1.3.2Specific definitions and abbreviations active firea “dormant“ system that requires to be activ
43、ated in order to perform protectionits function. assessmentthe process of analysing and evaluating hazards. It involves both causal and consequence analysis and requires determination of likelihood and risk. aqueous filma synthetic foam consisting of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon forming foamsurfac
44、tants combined with high boiling solvents. classification of firesin accordance with NFPA, as follows: class A firesfires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics. class B firesfires in fires in flammableliquids, oils, greases, tars and flammable gases.
45、classification of crude oils and derivativesin accordance with the IP Code Part 3, as follows: class 0 productsLiquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG). class I productsliquids which have flash points below 21 C class II (1)liquids which have flash points from 21 C up to productsand including 55 C, handled b
46、elow flash point. class II (2)liquids which have flash points from 21 C up to productsand including 55 C, handled at or above flash point. class III (1)liquids which have flash points above 55 C up productsto and including 100 C, handled below flash point. class III (2)liquids which have flash point
47、s above 55 C up productsto and including 100 C, handled at or above flash point. class 1Aa classification used by NFPA for liquids having flash points below products22.8 C and having a boiling point below 37.8 C. combustibleThe term combustible product is not used in this DEP. For this productDEP, a
48、ll liquid hydrocarbon products handled in plants shall be classed as flammable product. NOTE: This DEP does not use the term combustible product in order to avoid confusion caused by various codes which define combustible products differently. For example, according to NFPA 30, a combustible product
49、 has a flash point 37.8 C, whereas other codes define it as a substance having a flash point DEP 80.47.10.30-Gen. October 1995 Page 7 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 61 C. deluge systema fire protection system where the water supply valve is automatically activated. The water distribution piping is normally equipped with spray nozzles and/or open sprinklers. escalationan increase in risk due to increased likelihood and/or severity of conseq