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1、1 EBU TECH 3299 High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production Geneva December 2004 High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television ProductionTech 3299 - E 2 High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production Contents 1.Introduction.3 2.Normative references .3 3.Informative
2、 References.4 4.Nomenclatures and Image Sampling Systems.4 5.System compliance.4 6.System colorimetry and opto-electrical conversion for system S1 to S4.4 7.Signal Formats for System 1 to 4 .5 8.Raster structure, digital picture representation and timing reference5 9.Digital Signal Formats for Syste
3、m 1 to 4.6 10. Digital Interfaces.6 Tech 3299 EHigh Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production 3 1. Introduction This document defines the basic image formats and digital sampling systems for the High Definition (HD) television production applications in the European (EBU) 50 Hz environ
4、ments. The European Broadcasting Union has published this technical specification to meet the demands of its Members for interoperability, and implementation stability, for high definition television production systems. The specification comprises 4 HDTV production systems: System 1 (S1) with 1280 h
5、orizontal samples and 720 active lines in progressive scan with a frame rate of 50Hz, 16 x 9 aspect ratio. System 2 (S2) with 1920 horizontal samples and 1080 active lines in interlaced scan with a frame rate of 25Hz, 16 x 9 aspect ratio. System 3 (S3) with 1920 horizontal samples and 1080 active li
6、nes in progressive scan and a frame rate of 25Hz, 16 x 9 aspect ratio. System 4 (S4) with 1920 horizontal samples and 1080 active lines in progressive scan at a frame rate of 50Hz, 16 x 9 aspect ratio. The application of this specification is intended for, but not limited to, the television producti
7、on environment. This specification draws on the specifications in the normative reference section (Section 2) of this document, which define in detail1: RGB colour encoding; RGB analogue and digital representation; YPBPR colour encoding, analogue representation and analogue interface; and YCBCR colo
8、ur encoding and digital representation. Designers should be aware that single link serial digital interfaces such as SMPTE 292M for formats other than YCBCR have not yet been defined, and that the use of System 4 currently requires dual channel usage of SMPTE 292M as specified in SMPTE 372M. Section
9、 10 describes the current conditions for System 4 infrastructures as well as for RGB interfaces for System 2 to 3. 2. Normative references EBU R112-2004EBU Statement on HDTV standards SMPTE 274M-20031920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and digital Timing Reference Sequences for
10、 Multiple Picture Rates. SMPTE 296M-20011280 x 720 Progressive Image Sample Structure Analogue and Digital Representation and Analogue Interface. SMPTE RP 177-1993Derivation of Basic Television Colour Equations SMPTE 292M-2004HDTV Signal/Data Serial Interface SMPTE 372MDual Link SMPTE 292M Interface
11、 for 1920 x 1080 Picture Raster SMPTE 297M-2000Fibre Optic Interfaces for SDTV and HDTV interfaces. SMPTE 377M-2004MXF File Format Specification SMPTE 384M-20042Mapping of uncompressed pictures to the MXF Generic Container CIE Publication 15.2 (1986)Colorimetry, Second Edition. ITU-R BT.1361 Worldwi
12、de unified colorimetry and related characteristics of future television and imaging systems 1 the apostrophe in, for example, RGB means that the signal has been gamma corrected 2 under final preparation by SMPTE High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television ProductionTech 3299 - E 4 3. Informati
13、ve References EBU Tech 3298An EBU “route map” to High Definition (HD) ITU-R BT.1120-5“Digital interfaces HDTV studio signals“ ITU-R BT.1367“Serial digital fibre transmission system for signals conforming to Recs ITU-R BT.656, ITU-R BT.799 and ITU-R BT.1120 ITU-R BT.1363-1“Jitter specifications and m
14、ethods for Jitter measurements of bit-serial signals conforming to Recs BT.656, 799 and 1120 ITU-R BT.1577SDI-based transport interface for compressed television signals in networked television production based on Rec BT.1120 4. Nomenclatures and Image Sampling Systems EBU Syste m Nomenclature and a
15、bbreviation samples horiz. x active lines/ Scanning/ frame rate Luma or RGB Samples per active line (S/AL) Active lines per frame (picture) (AL/F) Frame rate, Hz Luma or RGB sampling3 frequency (fs), MHz Luma sample periods per total line (S/TL) Total lines per frame Net image Bit Rate (4:2:2, 10 bi
16、t) Mbit/s Correspondin g SMPTE system nomenclature S1 1280x720/P/50 (abbreviated: 720/P/50) 12807205074.251980750921.6 Corresponds to SMPTE 296M System 3 S2 1920 x 1080/I/25 (abbreviated: 1080/I/25) 19201080 25 (50Hz field rate) 74.25264011251036.8 Corresponds to SMPTE 274 System 6 S3 1920 x 1080/P/
17、25 (abbreviated: 1080/P/25) 192010802574.25264011251036.8 Corresponds to SMPTE 274 System 9 S4 1920 x 1080/P/50 (abbreviated: 1080/P/50) 1920108050148.5264011252073.6 Corresponds to SMPTE 274 System 3 Table 1: HDTV Systems 1 to 4 The digital representation shall employ eight or ten bits per sample i
18、n its uniformly quantized (linear) PCM coded form. The image aspect ratio for system 1 to 4 shall be 16 x 9, and the sample aspect ratio45 shall be 1x1 (“square pixels”). 5. System compliance The specification of a system in compliance with this specification shall state, inter alia: Which of the sy
19、stems of Table 1 are implemented Which signal interface is implemented (RGB, YPBPR, YCBCR, RGBA or Y CBCRA) Which quantisation (eight, ten bit) is used. 6. System colorimetry and opto-electrical conversion for system S1 to S4 1.1. Equipment shall be designed in accordance with the colorimetric analy
20、sis and opto-electronic transfer function defined in ITU-R BT.1361. 1.2. Picture information shall be linearly represented by red, green and blue tri-stimulus values (RGB), lying in the range 0 (reference black) to 1 (reference white), whose colorimetric attributes are based upon reference primaries
21、 with the following chromaticity coordinates, in conformance with ITU-R BT.1361, and whose white reference conforms to CIE D65 as defined by CIE 15.2 and table 2: 3 Usually the sampling frequency on the interface; some equipment may use a different sampling frequency internally 4 The ratio of the de
22、nsities of vertical samples and horizontal samples 5 For interlace scanning several factors reduce vertical resolution , please see EBU Tech 3298 Tech 3299 EHigh Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television Production 5 7. Signal Formats for System 1 to 4 8. Raster structure, digital picture represe
23、ntation and timing reference The raster structure, digital picture representation and timing reference for System 1 shall be according to SMPTE 296M and for System 2, 3 and 4 in accordance with SMPTE 274M. ItemParameterValue 1Opto-electronic transfer characteristics before non-linear pre- correction
24、 Assumed linear 2Overall opto-electronic transfer characteristics at source V = 1.099 L0.45 0.099for 1 L 0.018 V = 4.500 Lfor 0.018 L 0 where: L :luminance of the image 0 L 1 V :corresponding electrical signal 3Chromaticity coordinates (CIE, 1931)Xy Primary: Red (R) Green (G) Blue (B) 0.640 0.300 0.
25、150 0.330 0.600 0.060 4Assumed chromaticity for equal primary signals (reference white): D65 Xy ER = EG = EB0.31270.3290 Table 2: Opto-electronic conversion characteristics ItemParameterValue 1Conceptual non-linear pre-correction of primary signals =0.45 2Derivation of luminance signal YY = 0.2126 R
26、 + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B 3Derivation of colour-difference component signals. PB, PR are filtered and may be coded as CB, CR components for digital transmissions. For system 1 an example filter template is given in SMPTE 296M Figure B.2. For system 2 to 4 an example filter template is given in SMPTE 27
27、4-2004 Figure D.2. ) ( 0722. 01 5 . 0 YBP B = ) ( 2126. 01 5 . 0 YRP R = Table 3: Signal formats High Definition (HD) Image Formats for Television ProductionTech 3299 - E 6 9. Digital Signal Formats for System 1 to 4 1.3. The digital signal format for system 1 to 4 shall employ RGB or YCRCB componen
28、ts. 1.4. The digital signals should be pre-filtered prior to sampling to prevent aliasing 1.5. The nominal bandwidth for system 1 to 3 shall be 30MHz and shall be 60MHz for system 4 according to table 4. Bandwidth and sampling frequency Signal component Systems 1,2,3 (4:2:2) System 46 (4:2:2) R, G,
29、B30 MHz60MHz BandwidthY30 MHz60MHz CB, CR15 MHz30MHz R, G, B74.25MHz148.5MHz Interface sampling frequencyY74.25MHz148.5MHz CB, CR37.125MHz74.25MHz Table 4 Bandwidth for each system Further details and example filter templates are given in SMPTE 296M for system 1 and SMPTE 274 for system 2 to 4. 10.
30、Digital Interfaces 1.6. Systems 1 to 3 should employ the single link Bit Serial Interface according to SMPTE 292M, which operates at a nominal bit-rate of 1.485Gbit/s at 8 and 10 bit resolution. SMPTE 292M defines the coaxial interface and SMPTE 297M defines the optical interface. 1.7. Conversion fr
31、om 8 bit to 10 bit shall be performed by adding two padding bits 1.8. Users are advised that the SMPTE 292M interface represents a “standard-interface for real-time HDTV signals” in traditional studio infrastructures which is similar to the SDTV serial digital interface (SDI). Informative Note: The
32、SMPTE is currently revising SMPTE 292 with respect to the interface. Check also for a revised SMPTE 297M standard for the optical interface part. 1.9. RGB encoding of System 2 and 3, and YCB, CR for System 4 currently require the dual link bit serial interface version of SMPTE 292M as specified in S
33、MPTE 372M. Informative Note: Users should be aware that only a limited number of systems are available today to support System 4 and that setting up a large television production studio infrastructure with a dual-link interface may be a complex task. Studies are planned on light compression systems
34、for studio use with System 4, including the use of 4:2:0 compression. System 4 technologies are in development by several manufacturers. 1.10. For file format transport of Systems 1 to 4, the Material Exchange Format (MXF), according to SMPTE 377M, should be used. The mapping of uncompressed picture
35、s in MXF covering systems 1 to 4 of this specification is defined in SMPTE 384M. 1.11. Informative section on data exchange using compressed versions of systems 1 to 4 There are possibilities of mapping data corresponding to compressed versions of systems 1 to 4 into bit- serial digital interfaces s
36、uch as SMPTE 305M (SDTI) and SMPTE 348M (H-SDTI). Further studies are required before any of these interfaces and compression algorithms can be recommended, however. This is also true for a file format mapping of compressed versions of systems 1 to 4. 6 Users are advised to verify the bandwidth values with practical implementations