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1、I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Engineering I METRIC HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FlOO 1 GENERAL. This standard covers the dimensions, mechanical properties and methods of testing applicable to helical spring lock washers in the regular and heavy
2、 series fab- ricated from carbon steel and corrosion resistant steel. The heavy series washers are preferred for use in coordinated design programs and are not normally produced in corrosion resistant materials. 1.1 The Metric Helical- Spring Lock Washers covered by this standard conform in all esse
3、ntials with the proposed SAE and American National Standards for these products. The standard represents the application of wire sections for the customary regular and heavy series washers to corresponding metric fas- tener sizes. These washers are intended for use in automotive and general industri
4、al applications. 1.2 It should be noted that the word “lock” appearing in the names of the products in this standard is a generic term histori- cally associated with their identitication and is not intended to imply an infinite permanence of fixity in attachments where they are used. 2 REFERENCED ST
5、ANDARDS. None 3 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS. The general specifi- cations which follow, apply and are common to metric helical spring lock washers of all materials covered by this standard. The additional requirements peculiar to lock washers of spe- cific materials are covered in the supplementary detai
6、led specifications under Section 4. 3.1 .DESIGNATION. Where specifying metric helical spring lock washers, the designation shall include the nominal size and the washer series. To avoid possible confusion with inch series washer number sires, it is recommended the designator “(mm)” be inserted after
7、 whole number nominal metric washer sixes up to and including 12 (mm). The nominal washer sizes listed in the dimensional table signify the washers are intended for use with corresponding screw, bolt or nut sizes. 3.2 MANUFACTURING DETAIL. Washers shall be coiled such that the free height is approxi
8、mately twice the thickness of the washer section. The gap and relationship of the severed ends shall be such as to prevent washers tangling and insure that the washers will compress flat. 3.3 OUTSIDE DIAMETER. The maximum outside diame- ters specified in the dimensional tables allow for commercial t
9、olerance on cold drawn wire. 3.4 WASHER SECTION. The section of finished washers shall be slightly trapezoidal in shape with the thickness at inner periphery greater than the thickness at outer periphery by an amount varying from a minimum of 0.13 mm to a maximum of 0.25 mm per 0.40 mm of the minimu
10、m section width. Reduced to formulas, the increase in thickness from outer periphery to inner periphery shall be T, minus T2, or 0.032 times C (minimum) to 0.064 times C (maximum). The mini- mum thickness specified in the dimensional table represents the basic mean thiclmess of the trapezoidal secti
11、on. The toler- ance on thickness is +0.15 mm for size 5 mm and smaller; +0.25 mm for sizes 6 mm through 20 mm, inclusive; and +0.50 mm for sires 24 mm through 36 mm; inclusive. 3.4.1 Comers. The comers at both the inner and outer peripheries of washer section shall be rounded sufficiently to avoid c
12、hecks. However, the radius at comers shall not exceed the equivalent of 15% of the minimum width of washer section and need not be tangent to the face of the washer section. 3.5 woRKMANsHIE? The faces and inner and outer peripheries of washers shall be smooth and free from sena- tions, knurling, die
13、 marks, deep scratches, etc., although, slight feed roll marks shall be permissible. Washers shall be free from rust, burrs, pit marks, loose scale and any other defects that might affect their serviceability. 3.6 TESTS. Washers shall be capable of meeting require- ments of the temper test and twist
14、 test detailed below: 3.6.1 Temper Test. After compressing to flat and releasing, the free height of a washer shall be at least two-thirds of the original free height. 3.62 Twist Test. The washer shall be firmly gripped in vise jaws having sharp edges. The ends of the washer shall be free and an axi
15、s passing through the gap shall be parallel to and slightly above the top of the vice. A 90” segment of the free end of the washer shall be gripped in wrench jaws as illus- trated below. Edges of the wrench jaws shall be sharp and in a plane parallel to the top of the vise. Movement of the wrench in
16、 a direction that will increase the free height of the washer shall twist carbon steel washers through an angle of 90” and corrosion resistant steel washers through an angle of 45”. with no sign of fracture. When the washer fractures at a greater degree of twist, the structure at point of fracture s
17、hall exhibit a fme grain, and the washer up to the instant of fracture shall deliver a tough springy reaction. AUGUST 1995 PAGE 1 FlOO Copyright General Motors North America Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 23:36:24 M
18、DTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- VND.Gfl FJ00-ENGL L=lq5 - 70llb379 0ljL20b0 liti - 1 . I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Engineering I ! METRIC HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FlOO w Fl W-001 (h/95) FIGURE 1 -
19、WASHER TWIST TEST 4 SUPPLEMENTARY DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS. The additional requirements peculiar to helical spring lock washers made from carbon steel listed under 4.1, and from corrosion resistant steel listed under 4.2, supplement the requirements set forth under Section 3. 4.1 CARBON STEEL. Carbon
20、 steel washers are available in both the regular and heavy series. 4.1.1 Material and Hardness. Carbon steel lock washers shall be made from SAE 1055-1065 steel, # to #7 gmin sire, capable of being hardened in oil, free of surface defects and not below average in cleanliness. The wire shall be withi
21、n the decarburixation limits tabulated below: Diameter of Round i Maximum 1 Maximum Total Wire or Sections Depth of AfBcted Depth Free Having Equivalent Free ferrite oplus partial AlX% Ferrite decarburization up to 3.5, incl 0.05 0.15 Over 3.5 to 6.3, incl 0.08 0.20 Over 6.3 to 9.5, incl 0.10 0.25 O
22、ver 9.5 to 13.0. incl 0.15 0.38 All dimensions are in mm. Washers shall be quenched in oil to martensite and checked for hardness of HRC 57, or greater, and a fracmre grain size of #6 or finer by Shepherd Fracture Grain Size Standards. Tempering shall consist of heating to 29oC or above for a minimm
23、 of 45 minutes of heat and shall produce a hardness of HRC 38-46, or equivalent. Depending on the washer cross section, lighter, more sensitive hardness testers may be used and the readings converted to Rockwell C. The washer shall be prepared for checking hardness by grinding the sides flat and par
24、allel sufficiently to assure removal of a decarburixed or plated smface, exercising care during the grinding operation to prevent temperatme of washer from exceeding 121C. 4.1.2 Finishes. As designated by part number, washers shall be fbmished plain, or plated or coated, in accordance with the respe
25、ctive GM Specifications. 4.1.2.1 Plain Steel. Unless otherwise specified by user, plain finish washers shall be supplied with a light oil film. 4.1.2.2 Determinant of Plating Thickness. The thickness of the plating or coating on helical spring lock washers shall be as determined on the flat surface
26、of the washer approximately midway between the inside and outside diameters. 4.1.2.3 Relief of &nbrittlemenL Carbon steel washers plated with metal or otherwise processed as to be subject to hydrogen embrittlement shall be suitably treated to relieve such embrittlement in accordance with the referen
27、ced plating specifications and. subjected to the following embrittlement test (a) Embrittlement Test: Plated carbon steel lock washers shall not break after having been compressed flat between hardened and ground steel plates for a mini- mum period of 24 h. 4.2 CORROSION RESISTANT STEU. Corrosion re
28、sis- tant steel washers are available in the regular series. 4.2.1 Material and Hardness. Corrosion resistant steel lock washers shall be made from SAE 30302 and SAP 30305 series corrosion resistant steels. They shall be fabricated and cold worked to a hardness of Rockwell C35 to 43, or equivalent.
29、Fl 00 PAGE 2 Copyright General Motors North America Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 23:36:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Engineer
30、ing I METRIC HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FlOO B A s +- So* Gall spot 7 i!f - ENLARGED SECTION . 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 36 F METRIC REGULAR HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS A Inside Diameter MaX Min 2.20 2.05 2.70 2.55 3.21 3.06 3.76 3.58 4.2
31、6 4.08 5.26 5.08 6.29 6.10 8.36 8.13 10.38 10.13 12.45 12.15 14.50 14.20 16.63 16.25 20.66 20.28 24.81 24.30 31.25 30.5 1 37.50 36.61 B Outside Diameter Max 4.18 4.94 5.83 6.35 7.28 8.66 12.08 14.96 17.83 21.47 24.39 27.53 33.26 39.79 49.36 58.76 f C %F Min 0.89 1.02 1.19 1.19 1.40 1.57 2.77 3.18 3.
32、58 4.34 4.78 5.16 5.94 7.14 8.74 10.31 f 1 D Jkdn Section Thickness Max 1 Mill 0.66 0.51 0.79 0.64 0.94 0.79 0.94 0.79 1.17 1.02 1.34 1.19 1.82 1.57 2.23 1.98 2.64 2.39 3.43 3.18 3.84 3.58 4.21 3.96 5.03 4.78 6.44 5.94 8.04 7.54 9.62 9.12 lNominal washer sizes are intended for use with corresponding
33、 nominal screw, bolt or nut sizes. *For further description of trapezoidal section see General Specifications. Q CqJyight AUGUST 1995 Gwwal Motws Corpotaton All Rights Resened T - Tz 0.065 0.076 0.076 0.090 0.100 0.177 0.204 0.229 0.278 0.306 0.330 0.380 0.457 0.559 0.660 Mill 0.028 0.033 0.038 0.03
34、8 0.045 0.050 0.089 0.102 0.115 0.139 0.153 0.165 0.190 0.228 0.280 0.330 AUGUST 1995 PAGE 3 FlOO Copyright General Motors North America Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 23:36:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permi
35、tted without license from IHS -,-,- I *I I GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS I Engineering 7 ? METRIC HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FIOO ENLARGED SECTION Fl OO-0034/95) . 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 30 36 Nominal wz 2For further METRIC . A Ins
36、ide Diameter :t T Mill 2.20 2.05 2.70 2.55 3.21 . 3.06 3.76 358 4.26 4.08 5.26 5.08 6.29 6.10 . 8.36 8.13 10.38 10.13 12.45 12.1s 14.50 14.20 16.63 16.25 20.66 20.28 24.81 24.30 31.25 3OJl 37.50 36.61 Ier sizes are tendedfmu Scription of trapezoidal section see Gene 4.44 5.29 6.24 6.76 7.64 9.07 12.
37、12 15.22 18.03 21.73 24.64 27.88 33.77 40.66 50.81 60.60 with comes 4EAVY HE B Outside Diameter ICAL SPRI C s% Mill 1.02 1.19 1.40 1.40 1.57 1.78 2.79 3.30 3.68 4.47 4.90 5.33 6.20 7.57 9.47 11.23 ding nomin G LOCK WASHERS D Mean Section Thickness 0.79 0.94 1.17 1.17 1.34 1.57 2.21 2.71 3r17 4.09 4.
38、57 5.05 5.99 7.71 9.7s 11.68 . ._ Mill I& 0.64 0.065 0.79 0.076 1.02 0.090 1.02 0.090 1.19 0.100 1.42 0.114 1.96 0.179 2.46 0.211 2.92 0.236 3.84 0.286 4.32 0.314 4.80 0.341 5.74 0.397 7.21 0.484 9.2s 0.606 11.18 0.719 I spwificatiolls. 0.033 0.038 0.045 0.045 0.050 0.057 0.089 0.106 0.118 0.143 0.157 0.171 0.198 0.242 0.303 0.359 Fl 00 PAGE 4 AUGUST 1995 Copyright General Motors North America Provided by IHS under license with GM Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 23:36:24 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-