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1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification General GMW3116 Recyclability/Recoverability Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved August 2008 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 13 1 Scope The purpose of this specification is to fac
2、ilitate compliance with current and future legislation. This standard also contains a guideline section for the GM design and supplier community to design in more recyclable / recoverable products that have maximum end of life value (see section 4). The guideline section is written for current techn
3、ology. As technology progresses the design guide will be updated. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. 70/156/EEC ISO 1043-2 2000/53/EC ISO 1629 2003/138/EC ISO 11469 2005/64/EC ISO 22628:2002 ISO 1043
4、-1 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 2.3 Additional References. GM1738 3 Design Requirement 3.1 Marking of Polymeric Parts. Polymeric parts shall be labeled. 3.1.1 Marking of Plastic Parts. For the labelling and identification of vehicle plastic components and materials having a weight of mor
5、e than 100 g, the following nomenclature applies: ISO 1043-1 Plastics symbols and abbreviated terms. Part 1: Basic polymers and their special characteristics. ISO 1043-2 Plastics symbols and abbreviated terms. Part 2: Fillers and reinforcing materials. ISO 11469 Plastics Generic identification and m
6、arking of plastic products. 3.1.2 Marking of Rubber Parts. For the labelling and identification of vehicle elastomer components and materials having a weight of more than 200 g, the following nomenclature applies: ISO 1629 Rubbers and Latices Nomenclature. This shall not apply to the labelling of ty
7、res. 3.2 Restricted and Reportable Substances for Parts (GMW3059). All materials supplied to GM must comply with GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances for Parts, latest version. 3.3 Component Parts Deemed to be Non Reusable. Component parts deemed to be non reusable according to the Directiv
8、e 2005/64/EC, Annex V, and its amendments, shall not be reused in new vehicles. 3.4 Vehicle Recyclability/Recoverability. The vehicle Recyclability/recoverability calculation shall be carried out per ISO 22628, Road vehicles - Recyclability and recoverability Calculation method. 3.4.1 Material Compo
9、sition. To comply with the Type Approval Directive 70/156/EEC, the supplier must enter the material composition in IMDS at the Prototype Build Phase for the Reference vehicle parts. GM will notify supplier of which parts and when this information is needed for the Prototype Build Phase. 3.5 Design f
10、or Dismantling. 3.5.1 Parts listed in Appendix A, Table A1, should be designed for dismantling. 3.5.2 Parts listed in Appendix A, Table A1, intended for the Korean market must be designed for 85% recyclability / 95% recoverability, by Dismantling. 3.5.3 Part Recyclability Calculation. The calculatio
11、n sheet in Appendix A, Table A4 can be used to calculate the % Recyclability of a part. 3.5.4 Part Recoverability Calculation. The calculation sheet in Appendix A, Table A4 can be used to calculate the % Recoverability of a part. GMW3116 GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Copyright 2008 General Moto
12、rs Corporation All Rights Reserved Page 2 of 13 August 2008 4 General Design Guidelines 4.1 Material Selection. 4.1.1 Standardize Material Selection. Use the same material type(s) on specific components or subsystems across product lines. 4.1.2 Select Recyclable Materials. Select materials for which
13、 recycling technologies are currently practiced according to the European Council for Automotive R some type of added material to improve properties and some contaminants can be removed with a screen. This material will either be post-industrial or post-consumer depending on the source. 5.2 Acronyms
14、, Abbreviations, and Symbols. ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Al Aluminum BMC Bulk Molding Compound CNG Compressed Natural Gas ELV End-of-Life Vehicle EUCAR European Council for Automotive R all thermoplastics; PUR-composites Electro-static separation: Mechanical pre-treatment (metal separation,
15、 cutting mill, wind sieving) ? charging ? electrostatic separation Re-granulated, re- compounded D2 Multi-layer carpets from PA6, PA6.6 De-polymerization: Polyamide carpets ? separation into PA6 and PA6.6 types ? cutting mill ? sorting centrifuge ? 1) De-polymerization of PA6-fibres ? multi-stage di
16、stillation of monomers ? polymerization into pure PA6 2) Drying of PA6.6-fibres Re-granulated, re- compounded D2 Multi-layer plastic composites, NF-metal/plastic composites, (ABS/PUR/PVC, Al/PVC, Al/PE, PET/PE/PP, PET/PVC) De-lamination: Pre-shredding of multi- layer composites ? Fe-separation ? de-
17、lamination in an accelerator rotor producing air turbulences with high vortex & shear forces at rotor/stator tool interfaces ? separation of fractions Re-granulated, re- compounded D2 Metal / plastic and thermoplastic composite materials with two or more thermoplastic components (PP, PUR (not cross
18、linked), ABS, PA, PE, PMMA, PC, PET, PBT) Meltingpoint separation: Starting with the lowest melting point, a centrifuge is heated-up to well-controlled temperature levels according to the respective melting points of the processed thermoplastics ? molten component deposited on the centrifuge wall, n
19、on- molten component Re-granulated, re- compounded D2 Glass-fiber reinforced materials (SMC/BMC) Particle recycling: Pre-shredding ? metal separation ? 2-stage sifting ? sieving machines ? silo Use as powdery fillers GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3116 Copyright 2008 General Motors Corporatio
20、n All Rights Reserved August 2008 Page 13 of 13 Appendix B: Recycled Content Applications B1 Metals B1.1 Steel. Steel bar and wire products have a higher recycled content than sheet products. Steel bar and wire are usually produced in electric arc furnaces, which use up to 99% recycled materials. St
21、eel sheet is produced in basic oxygen furnaces, which use only up to 25% to 30% recycled content. B1.2 Aluminum and Magnesium. Aluminum and magnesium die casting alloys generally have higher recycled content than do wrought alloys. B2 Polymeric Materials B2.1 Plastics. B2.1.1 Thermoset Materials. Re
22、grind may be used to some extent as filler. Typical example of postindustrial recycled content for thermoset materials: Recycled plant scrap SMC going into SMC inner panels. B2.1.2 Thermoplastic Materials. Typical examples of recycled content for thermoplastics: Recycled polypropylene carpet fiber,
23、diaper trim, trampoline trim, surgery gowns and bottle corks are used for wheelhouse liners and splash shields. Recycled polyester soda bottles are used in exterior door escutcheons, modular headliners, non-woven sound absorbers, and grille opening reinforcements. Recycled polycarbonate from compact
24、 discs and water bottles is used for headliner hardware, console brackets, bins, headlamp and tail lamp housings. B2.2 Elastomers. B2.2.1 Thermoset Elastomers. A percentage of reprocessed elastomers can be used in parts such as air baffles, splash shields, weather-strips, hoses, and truck bed liners
25、. B2.2.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers. Automotive grade TPEs could contain reprocessed plant scrap. B.3 Textiles Fabric tri-/bi-laminates are currently recycled into carpet underlayment pads. Unsupported vinyl is currently recycled into automotive and non-automotive applications. Black PET fiber often h
26、as recycled content and could be used in applications such as trunk trim, functional materials and flocking. Recycled fabric made from nylon, polyester, acrylic, and cotton is used in needled resinated sound absorbers. B4 Glass The float process used to make sheet glass, utilizes approximately 25% plant scrap. Fiberglass insulation in cars contains plant scrap.