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1、rOCT 27.310-95 M E X O C Y A A P C T B E H H bI fi C T A H A A P T Hq4EXHOCTb B TEXHMKE AHAJIM3 BWOB, IIOCJIEfiCTBMfi kI KPMTMYHOCTM OTKA30B OCHOBHbIE IIOJIOXEHM5i a Ipeni.rcnoBIre 1 PA3PA6OTAH MTK 119 “ H w e x H o c T b B TexHWKe” BHECEH roccTaHnapToM POCCMM 2 n PMHflT MeXOCyApCTBeHHbiM COBeTOM no
2、 CTHAapTM3allMW, M e T p o n o r m M C P T M M K U M M (npoToKon N o 7-95 OT 26 anpenrr 1995 r.) 3a IlpMHTWe npOOOCOBJW: HaiiMeHOBa ti iie rocynapcrsa . Pecnynum Eienopyccm PecnynuKa Monnosa PoccMkcKaH Qenepaum Pecny6nua Kasaxca Pecny6nua Y36eKUCTaH YKpUH 3 C T a H n a p T COOTBeTCTBYeT MeKn)”apOAHO
3、M) CTaHnapTy MBK 812(1985) B qacm o n p e n e n e H w h , OLLIMX nonoxeHWi.3 M MeTonoB a m 3 a 4 nOCTaHOBJIeHWeM KOMWTeTa POCCMhCKOh QeflepUWW no CTaHnap- OCyAapCTBeHHbIh CTaHAapT TOCT 27.3 10-95 BBeAeH B AehCTBWe HenOCpenCTBeHHO B KaqeCTBe OCyApCTBeHHO0 CTaHnapT POCCMhCKOh T M U M M , M e T p o n o
4、 r m u c e p T m $ m a u m OT 26 MIOHII 1996 r. N o 429 M e x - enepau 1 RHBapH 1997 r. 5 BBEAEH BIEPBbIE HCTOrrqkiG C T a w a p T H e MOXeT 6bITb nOJIHOCTbI0 WJIM IaCTHqHO BOC- npo3sene, T w p a x u p o B a H u p a c n p o c T p a H e H B KaqecTBe o q M m b H o r o 3 n a i . r H a T e p p w r o p m
5、 POCCMCKO Qenepaqm 6e3 pa3peurerr oc- CTaHAapTa POCCWW II Conepmame 1 0 6 f l a C T b npMMeHeHMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 HOPMaTMBHbIe CCbUIKM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 O n p e n e n e H M H . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 O P H A O K H W M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 MeTOfibi a H a n 3 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 XeCTM nOCJIeACTBMfi OTKa3OB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7、 npMABnO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 OTKa3OB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 19 4 0 6 u e n o n o x e H m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 n p M n o x e H M e A FlpMMep w K a n b I AJIH y c T a H o B
8、 n e H m K a T e r o p m TH- n p M n O X e H M e 6 n p M M e p MaTPMUbi “BePORTHOCTb OTKa3 - TH- XeCTb nOCflenCTBMfi” AJIH PaHXMpOBaHMH OTKa30B n p M n O X e H M e B n p M M e p UKWlbI 63JlJIbHbiX O W H O K KPMTMqHOCTM H p M n o m e H M e n p m e p b i OPM paowix JIMCTOB . . . . . . . . . . . . -,-,
9、- TOCT 27.310-95 M E X O C Y A A I C T B E H H bl fi C T A H A A P T Hasewom B Texnme MM3 BWOB, IlOCJlCTBMM 4 KPMTMYHOCTM OTKA30B OCHOBHbie liOJlOXeHHR Dependability in technics. Failiire mode, effects aiid criticality analisys. Basic principles 1 OWiACTb FIPMMEHEHMR 2 HQPMATMBHbIE CCbIJiKW B HaCTOR
10、UeM CTaHnapTe MCnOJIb30BaHbI CCbIJIKM H a CJIeAyioWcle CT-f - rOCT 27.002-89 HrneXHOCTb B TeXHMKe. OCHOBHbIe nOHRTMR -. TOCT 27.301-95 HAeXHOCTb B TeXHMKe. PaCYeT HZl.QeXHOCH AapTbI : MMHbi M o n p e n e n e H m c ) C HOBHble nOJIOXeHMII 3 OnPWEnEHMH B HCTORUeM CTaHfiapTe MCIOJIb30BaHbI TePMMHbI, OT
11、HOCRUJMeCR K OCHOBHbIM IIOHRTMRM B 067aCTM H e X H O C T M TeXHMqeCKMX 065eKTO9, OIipeneJieHMff KOTOPbIX YCTHOBJIeHbI TOCT 27.002. B AOnOJIHeHMe K HMM B C T a m a p T e IIpMMeHeHbI CJieAymUMe TePMMHbI, OTHOCRL4MeCR K ABI1KO: I roa 27.310-9s 3.1 bHeMIlleMy pa3yKpynHeH MIO. 3.2 CMCTeMa - COBOKynHOCTb
12、3JIeMeHTOB, 06%eflMHeHHbIX KOHCTPYK- UMOHHO M/MSIM YHKUMOHUIbHO QrrH BbInOJlHeHMH HeKOTOPblX Tpe6yeMbiX BHA OTK3a - COBOKynHOCTb B03MOXHbIX MIIM H a 6 J t o a e M b I X OT- Ka30B 3neMeHTa M/MnM CMCTeMbI, 06beflMHeHHbIX B HeKOTOPYIO KIIaCCM- MKaUMOHHYIO pynny II0 06UHOCTM OnHOO MIIM HeCKOJIbKMX npM3H
13、aKOB (nPMYMHbI, MeXaHM3M B03HMKHOBeHMH, BHeUIHMe np0HBneHMH M npyrMe lIPM3HaKM, KpOMe nOCJlenCTBMM OTKa3a). 3.4 THXeCTb nOCneACTBMfi OTKa3a - KaYeCTBeHHaH MIIM KOnMYeCTBeH- BJIeMeHT - COCTaBHaH YCTb TeXHMYeCKOO 06%eKTa, PaCCMaTpM- BaeMaR npM n p o B e n e H m a a n 3 a KaK enmoe uenoe, He nonnexaiue
14、e y H KUH M. 3.3 HaH o u e H K a B e p o m H o r o (a6nmnaeo1-o) yqep6a OT 0 a 3 a 3 n e e a M/MJIM CMCTeMbI. 3.5 KaTeropMH THXeCTM nOCJIenCTBMfi OTKa30B - KJIaCCMMKaUMOH- PeneJIeHHbIM, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM AO npOBeneHMH a H m M 3 a COYeTaHMeM KaqeCTBeHHbIX M / W M KOJIMYeCTBeHHbiX YYMTbIBaeMbIX COCTaBJI
15、HK)l4MX OXMllleXHOCTb CWCTeMbI M U ee 3fleMeHTOB HeH38eCTHO HnH HenOCTaTOYHO U3yYeHO. n p H M e i a H W e 3.9 nOKa3TeJlb KPMTMYHOCTM OTKa3a - KOJIMYeCTBeHHH XapaKTepHC- TMKI KPMTMY HOCTH OTKa3a, flMTbIBiOUR er0 BepOHTHOCTb 3a B F M H 3KCnJIyaTauMM U TRmeCTb BO3MOXH bIX IlOCJIeACTBHfi. Ba“=, KOHTpOJI
16、MpyeMSl IlpOUeAypa KaYeCTBeHHOO aHJIM3a npoeicra, 3.10 A “ M 3 BWOB M nocnencmwa O T K O B (ABIIO) - $JOMJIWJO- L -,-,- TexHonorMM MI-OTOBJIHMH, npaewn 3 c n n y a a u M x p a H e H m , cMcTeMbi TeXHMYeCKOI-O 06CIIyXMBaHMH M peMOHTa M3AeJiMH, 3aWlkOYaK)ULaRCR B BbiLIeIIeHMM H a HeKOTOPOM YpOBHe pa3y
17、KpyIIHeHMH er0 CTPYKTYPbI B03- MOXHbIX (Ha6JIioAaeMbiX) OTKa30B pa3HOO B m a , B np0CneXMBaHMM npM- YMHHO-CIIeaCTBeHHblX CBH3e I H H e - OXKT MOXeT COCTOIITb H 3 TeXHMWCKHX CpeflCTB, KipOrpnMM- HbiX CpenCTB WIH HX COiCIT;1HLIR H MOXCT B WCTHbiX CflyflX BKJIIOWTb nlonen, erCl K C T M I O L L I H X ,
18、06cnyrna10uix u/mn MOHTHPYIOUHX 4 OEWME iOJIOXEHMII 4.1 UenM n p o B e n e H M n A B l K O ABHKO np0BOnHT C UeJibio O6OCHOBaHMR, IIpOBepKM OCTaOYHOCTM, OUeHKM 3eKTMBHOCTM M KOHTpOIIH 3a peiUlM3aUMefi ypauriROiiuilX pe- MM M3OTOBJIeHMH, npaBMJI 3KCnJIyaTauMM, CMCTeMbI TeXHMYeCKOO 06CIIyXMBaHMR M PeMO
19、HTa 06beKTa M 0 6 e c n e a i o r u x iipt?JyipeWeHMe B03HWKHOBeHMR M/MIIM ocna6nee TRXeCTM B03MOXHbIX nOCJIeflCTBM OnpeAeflHioT B03MOXHbIe He6flaOnpMRTH bie nOCJIefiCTBMR B03HMKHO- BeHMR BbiRBneHHblX OTKa30B, npOBOWT KaqeCTBeHHbIfi aHWiM3 TRXeCTM IIOCflefiCTBU OTKa30B M/MJIM KOJIMqeCTBeHHYio OUeHKy
20、 MX KPMTMYHOCTM; COCTBJlXIOT M nepMOnMYeCKU KOPPeKTMPYIOT IepeYHU KPMTMYHbIX 3fleMeHTOB M TeXHOflOMYeCKMX ilpOUeCCOB; -,-,- roa 27.310-9s -,-,- -,-,- OnaCHOCTb OTKa3a (C YYeTOM HeMeQneHHbIX M OTLK3JleHHblX ITOCneACT- BMfi) N l R XM3HM M 3AOPOBbR JIIOAefi (B TOM YMCne, H e CBR3aHHbIX H e n o - CpeACT
21、BeHHO C 3KCnJIyaTauMefi 06beKTa), LurH OKpyXaIOUeM Cpenbl, QnZI UeJiOCTHOCTM M COXpaHHOCTM CaMOO 06beKTa, n p y O 0 MMyUeCTBa M MaTepMn bH bIX 06beKTOB; BJIMRHAe OTKa3a H a KaYeCTO YHKUMOHMPOBaHMR 06beKTa M n0JiHOTy BbInOJiHeHMR MM Ha3HaIeHHblX YHKUMfi, BO3MOXHblfi yutep6 nm6oro BMJa (MaTePM CKOPOCT
22、b pa3BMTMH He6JIaOnpMRTHbIX IIOCJIenCTBMfi OTKa3a, O n p e n e - JiHIOiUaR BOSMOXHOCTb IIPMHHTMR COOTBeTCTBYIOUIMX M e p 3aUMTbl OT HMX. i I p w M e p B O M O X H O KnaccMMKauMM O T K O B c V e T o M n e p e w c n e H - 4.5.5 npM ABnO M o x e T npoBonMTbcR npenBapwTenbHaH KaqecTBeH- m i x aK-ropoB n
23、pMseneH B n p M n o m e H w A. HaR OUeHKa OXWaeMOfi (Ha6nIOnaeMOfi) YaCTOTbI HaCTyilJieHMZI OTKa30B pa3HbIX KaTeOpMfi TRXeCTM IpM 3KCInyaTauMM 06beKTOB. YKa3aHHbie OUeHKM MCnOnb3YIOT: QnR PaHXMpOBaHMR OTKa30B no OYepe noxeme B). HMeM noa3aenefi, yvMTbIBaiOuMx LUIR K a m o r o a a 1 3 p y e o r o 0 a
24、 3 a o65e KTa : BePORTHOCTb er0 B03HMKHOBeHMR 3a BpeMH 3KCnJiyaTauMM; yCJiOBHbIe BePOHTHOCTM HaCTynneHMR RCeX B03MOXHbIX e6naronp- RTHbIX nOCnenCTBMfi OTKa3a, eCnM OH MOXeT C O n p O B O a T b C H HeCKOJIb- KMMM pa3nMYHbIMM Il0 XapaKTepy M THXeCTM nOCJienCTBMRMM; OXMflaeMblX IIOCneflCTMfi OTKP3OB. n
25、pOM3eAeHMe er0 BePORTHOCTM H a CpenHeB3BeUeHHblM i 0 YCIIOBHbIM XOTR BO3MOXHO npMMeHeHMe MHbIX c i l o c o 6 o B M3MepeHMH KPUTAqHOCTW OTKa30B. 4.5.8 3HaYeHMR BepOHTHOCTefi OTKa30B7 YqHTbIBaeMble IlpM OUeHKe HX KPMTMYHOCTM, PaCCY MTbIBaiOT (nPOH03MPYIOT) iiPMHHTb1MH B PaClieTaX HaeXHOCTM MeTOAaMM C
26、)eTOM CTPYKTYPbI 06beKTa7 W O B H e h HapyiiineHa COOTBeTCTBylolUMM aHJM30M, PaCYeTMM, 3KCnepMMeHTaJi bH bIMM AaHH hi - MM, M BKniO?IeHMR B n e p e q e H b BHOBb BblHEiJieHHbiX KPMTMqHbiX 3JieMeHTOB nocnencTBM ri. CocTaEiJimoT nocne s a a e p u i e a a m 3 a H a n e p e o M 3ane pa3pa60TKM TMPYIOT H
27、 a nocnenymuwx 3anax nyreM i,icKniOqeHm M H T O B (npo- (npoueccos). ilepeqw KpHTMqHbix J I M H T O B (TexnpoueccoB) y m e p m a e T PYKOBO- p a 3 p a 6 0 no CornacoBaHMiO c K W K O M (nope6wene), HOCTM nepexona K nocnenyiOureMy s a n y BMLIOB pa6o.r H a CTWMSIX x3- . npMHMMatOLUMn PeLiieHMH O nio6b
28、rx KOppeKTMpOBKaX IlePeqHefi M B03MOX- HeHHOO UMKJK3 06?beKTa IipM TeKyiiIeM COCTOHHMM yKa3aHHblX n e p e q H e R . B RepeqHM KPMTM?IHbIX 3JleMeHTOB BKnl04aHIT: 3JieMeHTb1, B03MOXHaFI TRXeCTb nOCAenCTBMl OTKa30B KOTOPbIX, OUe- HMBaeMR Ka?ieCTBeHHO MAW KOAMqeCTBeHHO, IlpeBOCXOnMT nOnyCTMMbiM QrrH paC
29、CMaTpMBaeMO0 06beKTa ypOBeHb; 3neMeHTb1, OTKa3bi KOTOpblX HeM36eXHO Bbi3blBaioT n 0 n H b i a OTKa3 06?beKTa; ? 3neMeHTbl C OlpaHMqeHHbiM CPOKOM cnyx6b1 (PeCypcOM), H e o6ecne- IiMBaiOqeM Tpe6YeMOfi AOnOBeqHOCTM 06beKTa; 3AeMeHTb1, no KOTOPbIM B MOMeHT npoBeneHMH aHWM3a 0TC)TCTBYK)T AOCTOBepHbie AaH
30、Hbie O MX Ka9eCTBe H HaeXHOCTM B PaCCMaTpMBaeMhiX yCJiOBMX npMMeHeHM H/MAM BO3MOXHblX liOCAe npwmbi B K n i o v e H m B meperem (Ka-reropwsi TmcecTM nocnencTmM WIH 3 a q e e n o a 3 a e n KPMTHY HOCTW oTKa3oB, ApyrMe P M H K M KPM- TMSHOCTH); OnWCaHHe BOSMOXHbIX iIpU9UH M IlOCJIeACTIhfI OTKa30B; npe
31、nnaraemie KoHcTPyKTMBHo-TexHonorM?IecKMe M/MnM scnnyaa- UHOHHbie Mepbi KO MMHMMH3UMW BePORTHOCTM OTKa3OB MIIM no CHHXe- HWiO BOSMOXHO# THXeCTM HX nOCJIeACTBMfi; 11 -,-,- 14 -,-,- i7PUJlOXEHUE A (cnpaeovnw) I1PWMEP LLIIOuIbI YCTAHOMEHWII KATETOPWM THXECTM nOCJlIBKH nope6uen10 ne+moro HAJIHJI CTBKH n
32、a r p e 6 1 0 ne+moro 3 - nenwn OieHb BMCOKIUI W p O T H o C r b no- 4-6 7-8 1 9-10 OT 0.45 no 0.25 M e H e e 0,25 -,-,- 7- 6 4 E i- 8 Y 19 -,-,- YAK 62-192.001.4:006.354 OKC 21 .O20 T51 OKCTY 0027 KJIIoieBbIe CIIOBa: B W b I OTKa30B, i0CneACTBMH OTKaSOB, KPMTMqHOCTb OTKa30B, aHJM3 BMAOB, nOCneACTBM M KPMTMiHOCTM OTKa3OB, iJIaH aHUM3a, MeTOAbi aHJM3a, ipenCTBneHMe pe3yJlbTaTOB, KPMTMiHble 3ne- MeHTbI -,-,-