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1、 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62257-9-2 First edition 2006-10 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-2: Microgrids Reference number IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006(E) Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a d
2、esignation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorpo
3、rating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Further information on IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to this publicati
4、on, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as
5、 the list of publications issued, is also available from the following: IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch) Catalogue of IEC publications The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical committees and date of pu
6、blication. On-line information is also available on recently issued publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda. IEC Just Published This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/ justpub) is also available by email. Please contact the Customer Serv
7、ice Centre (see below) for further information. Customer Service Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 -,-,- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS
8、62257-9-2 First edition 2006-10 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-2: Microgrids PRICE CODE IEC 2006 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan
9、ical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch XA For pric
10、e, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission -,-,- 2 TS 62257-9-2 IEC:2006(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative reference.7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 General 9 4.1 Limits of a microgrid9 4.2 Voltage drops9 4.3
11、 Composition of a microgrid9 5 Protection against electric shocks.11 6 Protection against overcurrents 11 7 Selection and erection of equipment.11 7.1 Equipment installation .11 7.2 Operational conditions and external influences11 7.3 Characteristics of lines 13 7.4 Cables.14 7.5 Poles.14 7.6 Cable
12、anchorage.17 7.7 Connections and accessories 17 7.8 Where poles are used for other purposes 19 7.9 Isolation and switching 19 7.10 Earthing arrangement, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors 20 8 Verification and acceptance22 8.1 General.22 8.2 Supervision of works .22 8.3 Verifica
13、tion before commissioning (on site acceptance).22 8.4 Operation tests23 Annex A (informative) Characteristics of cables 24 Annex B (informative) Maximum circuit length.26 Figure 1 Microgrid limits.9 Figure 2 Microgrid consisting of a single-phase feeder.10 Figure 3 Three phase system output, single
14、phase distribution or three phase service provided where needed.10 Figure 4 Three phase system output, single phase distribution 11 Figure 5 Diagram showing installation of twinned wooden poles forming an angle .16 Figure 6 Examples of different pole arrangements .16 Figure 7 Example of an overhead
15、line16 Figure 8 Connection mode diagram19 Figure 9 Microgrid earthing scheme .21 -,-,- TS 62257-9-2 IEC:2006(E) 3 Table 1 Maximum values of voltage drops9 Table 2 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in 230 V a.c. microgrids (overhead lines)20 Table 3 Fuse ratings for protection from sh
16、ort-circuiting in 120 V a.c. microgrids (overhead lines)20 Table 4 Circuit breaker ratings for protection from short-circuiting in microgrids (overhead lines)20 Table 5 Characteristics of earthing components.22 Table A.1 Example of characteristics of grid conductors for overhead lines (insulated twi
17、sted conductors without carrier neutral)24 -,-,- 4 TS 62257-9-2 IEC:2006(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 9-2: Microgrids FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a wo
18、rldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other
19、 activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the su
20、bject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions
21、determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National C
22、ommittees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in w
23、hich they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publi
24、cation and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure
25、that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any
26、nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the refere
27、nced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The mai
28、n task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated effor
29、ts, or The subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transf
30、ormed into International Standards. IEC 62257-9-2, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. This part of IEC 62257-9 is based on IEC/PAS 62111 (1999); it cancels and replaces the relevant parts of IEC/PAS 62111. TS 62257-
31、9-2 IEC:2006(E) 5 This part of IEC 62257-9 is to be used in conjunction with the IEC 62257 series. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/412/DTS 82/443/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical spec
32、ification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 62257 series, under the general title Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rur
33、al electrification, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
34、publication will be transformed into an international standard; reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. -,-,- 6 TS 62257-9-2 IEC:2006(E) INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series intends to provide to different
35、 players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting up of renewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. nominal voltage below 500 V, d.c. nominal voltage below 750 V and nominal power
36、 below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations: to choose the right system for the right place, to design the system, to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrification concentrating on but not specific to developing countries. They should not be consi
37、dered as all inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean mechanisms developments at this time (CO2 emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future
38、 steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life cycle cost as possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field
39、of application that is: small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. Decentralized Rural Electrification Systems (DRES) are designed to supply electric power for sites which are not connected to a large interconnected system, or a national grid, in order to meet basic needs. The majority of t
40、hese sites are: isolated dwellings, village houses, community services (public lighting, pumping, health centres, places of worship or cultural activities, administrative buildings, etc.), economic activities (workshops, microindustry, etc.). The DRE systems fall into three categories: process elect
41、rification systems (for example for pumping), individual electrification systems (IES) for single users, collective electrification systems (CES) for multiple users. Process or individual electrification systems exclusively consist of two subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem, the user
42、s electrical installation. Collective electrification systems, however, consist of three subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem, a distribution subsystem, also called microgrid, users electrical installations including interface equipment between the installations and the microgrid. -,-
43、,- TS 62257-9-2 IEC:2006(E) 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 9-2: Microgrids 1 Scope The purpose this part of IEC 62257-9 is to specify the general requirements for the design and the implementation of microgrids used in decentralized rur
44、al electrification to ensure the safety of persons and property and their satisfactory operation according to the scheduled use. This part of IEC 62257-9 applies to microgrids for decentralized rural electrification purposes. The microgrids covered by this part of IEC 62257-9 are low voltage a.c., t
45、hree-phase or single-phase, with rated capacity less than or equal to 100 kVA. They are powered by a single micropowerplant and do not include voltage transformation. The low-voltage levels covered under this part of IEC 62257-9 are the 230 V 1-/400 V 3- systems, 220 V 1-/380 V 3-, the 120 V 1-/208
46、V 3-, 60 Hz or 50 Hz systems. This part of IEC 62257-9 specifies microgrids made of overhead lines because of technical and economical reasons in the context of decentralized rural electrification. In particular cases, underground cables can be used. The requirements cover microgrids with radial arc
47、hitecture. 2 Normative reference The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62257 (all p
48、arts), Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification IEC 60439 (all parts), Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 carrier (messenger) wire or a rope, the primary function of which is to support the cable in aerial installations, which may be separate from or integral with the cab