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1、 HB 2112001 Occupational health and safety management systems A guide to AS 4801 for small business COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, wit
2、hout the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 3812 5 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 21120012 INTRODUCTION Even the best management system is defective if it is not pr
3、operly implemented. The system must be capable of being understood by those expected to implement it. Longford Royal Commission. This Handbook is intended for readers who have some sort of occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in place already but who wish to develop and improve i
4、t so they can claim conformance with AS 48012000, Occupational health and safety management systemsSpecification and guidance for use. Certification is another step you may wish to take, but this Handbook is primarily intended to help those who have opted for self-declaration. In other words, claimi
5、ng conformance. This Handbook could be adopted as a tool to enable you to answer questions such as: What do we have in place? What do we need to do next? How do we do it? Each requirement clause of AS 4801 is given in a text box together with an explanation of what the clause is intending to achieve
6、 (titled why?), together with a simplified guide for self-assessment (titled how?). The Handbook does not create additional requirements to those specified in AS 4801 nor does it prescribe mandatory approaches to the implementation of AS 4801. Its guidance is intended as an example in simple terms o
7、f how each requirement may be achieved for small business. Other approaches are often equally valid. Experienced OHSMS auditors will find more comprehensive auditing guidance in other publications, rather than this Handbook. Contact, for example, State Government Agencies, or employer and employee a
8、ssociations. Examples are given on how Clauses may be applied. These examples are not intended to be all-inclusive, but rather help you understand the Clause. The Handbook aims to help you: Develop or modify the system you have in place. Run your OHSMS. Compare your OHSMS to AS 4801. Make necessary
9、changes to your OHSMS. These steps form part of a spiral of continuous improvement. You can apply the Handbook at any step in the process, which then lead will to the other steps (see Figure 1 below). Each step needs both documents and people. The documents you need are different for each step. Some
10、 documents are those you need to read, i.e. resource material, some documents are those where you write down what you do. As a small business your requirements for either type of document will not be as great as a large organization. As a manager you have neither the time nor the energy to read more
11、 than you need, nor to write down more than just enough to show to someone else what has been done. To help you, Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 21120013 this Handbook has pages for you to fill in on how things are done in your business. Just photocopy each page for futur
12、e use before writing your own notes. The people you need to involve are those in outside organizations who can help you, as well as your own employees. Your people need to be involved to make the OHSMS work. They know what the OHS problems have been in the past and can help in avoiding them in the f
13、uture. The companion document to AS 4801, AS/NZS 4804:1997, Occupational health and management systemsGeneral guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques, is intended to give guidelines to what can be done to put an OHSMS in place. It can be interpreted as having indefinite boundarie
14、s to these guidelines. One professional may say to do things one way, another will want more emphasis on something else. The type of business you are engaged in will also vary the amount of resources you need to put toward meeting one requirement, as compared to another. The requirements of AS 4801,
15、 on the other hand, are more rigid, and can be seen as being part of the larger recommendations of AS/NZS 4804. They are intended to be less open to interpretation, and contain all that is needed to show to others that an OHSMS is in place. Users of this Handbook should decide the extent to which th
16、ey implement its content. Some parts of your OHS system will be better than others, some will require more attention. KEY-REQUIRED RESOURCES 1DOCUMENTS 2PEOPLE 1AS/NZS 4804 b)include a commitment to establish measurable objectives and targets to ensure continued improvement aimed at elimination of w
17、ork-related injury and illness; c)include a commitment to comply with relevant OHS legislation and with other requirements placed upon the organization to which the organization subscribes; d)be documented, implemented, maintained and communicated to all employees; e)be available to interested parti
18、es; and f)be reviewed periodically to ensure it remains relevant and appropriate to the organization. Why? Your OHS policy is proof that you have made a commitment to health and safety. You can use this as a driving force to progress the health and safety of employees and other people involved with
19、the business. How? The policy needs to be written down. It: States that the employer is ultimately responsible for health and safety, and so is signed and dated by the employer. Commits the business to ongoing improvement with an ultimate goal of eliminating all workplace accidents or work-related i
20、llness. To make the commitment understandable, you need to identify overall OHS goals for your business to achieve in a given timeframe. Identifies that the business needs to comply with OHS laws. These could be listed. The OHS policy affects everyone at the workplace. Employees need to understand t
21、he policy and their role in the OHSMS. The policy: Can be displayed in the workplace and shown or given to contractors, suppliers and shareholders, if and when needed. Is kept relevant by regular review. It is a good practice to review your health and safety policy annually or when significant chang
22、es occur. Need not be elaborate. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 2112001 .au Standards Australia 7 4.2 EXAMPLE The owner/manager of a small retail hardware outlet decided to review how both health and safety are managed in his shop. The manager recognized the development
23、of an OHS policy would be a good way of communicating a personal OHS commitment to all employees. The manager developed a draft OHS policy and asked all staff to comment on the policy and suggest where would be the best place for it to be displayed. Staff proposed some changes and thought it would b
24、e best to display a copy both in the staff facilities area and at the point of sale counter so that customers would recognize that the hardware store places a high value on health and safety. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 21120018 OHS policy Our policy needs to mention:
25、 We display our policy in the following places: Signed: Date: (This page is intended for your notes. Photocopy a blank for future use before writing here.) Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 2112001 .au Standards Australia 9 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Planning identification of haza
26、rds, assessment and control of risks The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented procedures to identify the OHS hazards and assess and control the associated risks of activities, products and services over which an organization has control or influence, including activities,
27、products or services of contractors and suppliers. The organization shall develop its methodology for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, based on its operational experience and its commitment to eliminate workplace illness and injury. The methodology shall be kept up- to-date.
28、Why? A business needs to establish a way to go about finding all the hazards and risks associated with its operations. This needs to be written down. The business can then decide what is the most appropriate way that these risks can be controlled. How? Written procedures can be used to show: Hazards
29、 are identified. Risks are assessed. How control measures are chosen, implemented and maintained. Planning determines the schedules, resources and responsibilities necessary to achieve well-defined and measurable outcomes. The health and safety planning process should be part of how you plan to run
30、your business. It will require the regular identification of hazards and the assessment and control of risks associated with what your operations are as well as what OHS laws apply. This involves giving responsibilities and setting time frames, as well as allocating resources. NOTE: The operations o
31、f a business could be as diverse as a customers premises, a vehicle or a depot e.g. An electrician visiting different places to do his work, could still be exposed to hazards and risks associated with the businesss operations because his work is part of its operations. 4.3.1 EXAMPLE A small textile
32、business employing 11 people had no real systematic approach to identifying hazards nor to assessing and controlling risks. This meant that the workplace would only react to any occupational health and safety risks on an ad hoc basis. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 21120
33、01 Standards A.au 10 The owner/manager thought it was about time that a systematic procedure was documented. It was decided that each employee would carry out a hazard identification of their individual work area and then hand it to the manager. Upon collecting all the responses, the business owner
34、and all the employees with the help of a health and safety professional, sat down and worked through the issues. The checklist helped the owner identify that a number of OHS legal requirements and good business practices were not in place. Arrangements to fix issues such as the location of exit sign
35、s and the update of emergency evacuation procedures were made immediately. It was decided that such meetings would be done on a monthly basis to ensure a systematic approach to control of risks. Documentation was also prepared clearly setting out who is responsible for each area and identifying the
36、hazards, assessing the risks and then ensuring that the risks are controlled. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 211200111 Planning identification of hazards, assessment and control of risks How do we identify OHS hazards? How could our contractors/suppliers be affected by o
37、ur OHS hazards? How do we assess risks associated with OHS hazards? How do we go about controlling these risks? When do we do this (i.e. on an on-going basis or periodically)? Signed: Date: (This page is intended for your notes. Photocopy a blank for future use before writing here.) Accessed by UNIV
38、ERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 2112001 Standards A.au 12 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements The organization shall establish, implement and maintain procedures to identify and have access to all legal and other requirements that are directly applicable to the OHS issues related to its a
39、ctivities, products or services, including relevant relationships with contractors or suppliers. The organization shall keep this information up-to-date. It shall communicate relevant information on legal and other requirements to its employees. Why? You are responsible for knowing what relevant Sta
40、te/Territory OHS Acts, Regulations, Standards and Codes of Practice affect your workplace and/or associated activities. You also need to understand contractual requirements and how your business can affect the health and safety of your suppliers and contractors. How? A list of relevant legislation c
41、an be obtained from different organizations such as an employer or employee association or OHS consultants. Some States and Territories may provide such a service on-line. As legislation and associated Standards are subject to change, check these periodically to ensure you are complying with the lat
42、est version, and be able to show this to others. Relevant information should be available to employees through, for example, an employee bulletin board. Examples of resources to keep you up-to-date include: Newspaper articles, trade and other safety-related magazines. Bookmarking Internet sites (for
43、 regular review). Subscribing to a legal abstract and commentary service. Newsletters from unions or employer associations. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 211200113 Legal and other requirements How do we know we are up-to-date in all our OHS legal requirements? Signed: D
44、ate: (This page is intended for your notes. Photocopy a blank for future use before writing here.) Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 28 Sep 2008 HB 2112001 Standards A.au 14 4.3.3 Objectives and targets The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented OHS objectives and
45、 targets, at each relevant function and level within the organization. When establishing and reviewing its objectives, an organization shall consider its legal and other requirements, its OHS hazards and risks, its technological options, its operational and business requirements, and the views of in
46、terested parties. The objectives and targets shall be consistent with the OHS policy, including the commitment to measuring and improving OHS performance. Why? The objectives specify what your business wants to achieve. Targets should be: Specific. Measurable wherever practicable. Attainable. Realis
47、tic. Time constrained. How? Objectives state what you intend to accomplish, and targets define a performance level to be achieved by a future date. Appropriate performance indicators may be used, as they are a useful means to measure whether objectives are met. 4.3.3 EXAMPLE Eight people are employe
48、d in a retail hardware store. There are a number of OHS hazards involved in operating the store. The owner has identified some hazards based on knowledge and past experience, such as chemicals (solvents and paints), and manual handling (sand and cement bags). The owner has a good understanding of th
49、e risks associated with these hazards and has already written some instructions to control the risks. The owner decides to make sure that any situation that can cause any harm or injury to staff and customers is adequately controlled. The owner decides to make sure that a)there are written instructions by the end of the next month specifying what the OHS storage and handling requirements are for all the mat