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1、BS 5702-2:2008 Guide to statistical process control (SPC) charts for variables Part 2: Charts for individual values ICS 03.120.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - U
2、ncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008
3、ISBN 978 0 580 53005 0 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SS/4 Draft for comment 05/30126058 DC Publication history First published April 2008 Amendments issued since publication Amd. no.DateText affected BS 5702-2:2008 Copyright British Standards I
4、nstitution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BSI 2008i BS 5702-2:2008 Contents Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms,
5、 definitions and symbols 2 4 Role of control charts in process control and improvement 8 5 Classes of data and selection of appropriate chart 11 6 Control charts for individual measurements 12 7 Construction and use of standard individual and moving range control charts 14 8 Construction and use of
6、standard moving mean and moving range charts 25 9 Construction and use of median control charts 30 10 Construction and use of basic cusum charts 33 11 Construction and use of individual measurement cusum charts for process control 36 12 Construction and use of individual and moving range charts for
7、attribute data 37 Annexes Annex A (informative) Case studies for typical applications 45 Annex B (informative) Control chart templates 55 Annex C (normative) Relationship between Cpk and percentages and parts-per-million (ppm) out-of-specification 57 Bibliography 58 List of figures Figure 1 Applicat
8、ion sequence for process control, performance assessment and improvement 9 Figure 2 Focus on influential process characteristics rather than product yield 10 Figure 3 Road map for control charts 12 Figure 4 Provisional individual and moving range chart for silicon content in steel 19 Figure 5 Provis
9、ional control chart for silicon content 21 Figure 6 Provisional histogram of silicon content 22 Figure 7 Performance capability analysis using provisional data 22 Figure 8 Comparison of before and after results 24 Figure 9 Histogram and capability analysis of data after adjustment of mean 24 Figure
10、10 Spreadsheet-based moving mean and moving range control chart for silicon content 29 Figure 11 Median control chart for spend versus budget 32 Figure 12 Conventional individuals chart for spend versus budget 32 Figure 13 Basic cusum chart for % silicon content 34 Figure 14 Refined individuals cont
11、rol chart for % silicon content 35 Figure 15 Cusum chart for % silicon content in control mode 36 Figure 16 Cusum chart for nonconforming deliveries 39 Figure 17 np control chart for nonconforming deliveries 40 Figure 18 X control chart for nonconforming deliveries 40 Figure 19 Cusum chart for fabri
12、c nonconformities 41 Figure 20 Cusum chart for fabric nonconformities per roll 42 Figure 21 c chart for fabric nonconformities per roll 42 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04
13、:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS 5702-2:2008 ii BSI 2008 Figure 22 c chart of outages per week 22 Figure 23 Individuals chart of system outage rate per month 44 Figure A.1 Individuals chart for strontium-90 in cows milk in UK location 47 Figure A.2 Ind
14、ividuals chart for caesium-137 in cows milk 48 Figure A.3 Individuals chart of daily fasting blood sugar levels 49 Figure A.4 Individuals chart for peak expiratory flow rate 51 Figure A.5 Cusum chart of the number of trades executed at the LSE per month 52 Figure A.6 Individuals chart of the number
15、of trades executed at the LSE per month 53 Figure A.7 FTSE all share index by month 54 Figure B.1 Individual and moving range control chart template 55 Figure B.2 Moving mean and moving range control chart template 56 List of tables Table 1 Key data for constructing a conventional individual and mov
16、ing range chart 16 Table 2 Key constants for control limits 16 Table 3 Provisional data for plotting of silicon content in steel 21 Table 4 Silicon content in steel data after adjustment 23 Table 5 Key data for constructing a moving average mean and moving range chart 27 Table 6 Key constants for co
17、ntrol limits 27 Table 7 % Silicon content provisional data 28 Table 8 Key data for constructing a median control chart 31 Table 9 Derivation of the medians for spend against budget 31 Table 10 Example of construction of cusum chart for % silicon content 34 Table 11 Count of system outages per week o
18、ver a period of one year 43 Table 12 Conversion of outage count per month to monthly outage rate 43 Table A.1 Strontium-90 in cows milk 46 Table A.2 Concentrations of caesium-137 in cows milk in a UK location 48 Table A.3 Daily fasting blood sugar levels (mg/dl) 49 Table A.4 Project desirables and a
19、ssociated means to improve asthma care 50 Table A.5 Daily readings of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR): Days 110 50 Table A.6 Daily readings of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR): Days 1120 51 Table A.7 Daily readings of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR): Days 2130 52 Table C.1 Proportion of values exp
20、ected outside of an upper and lower limit in terms of values of capability indices for a normally distributed characteristic 57 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 58, an inside back cover and a back cover. Copyright British Standa
21、rds Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BSI 2008iii BS 5702-2:2008 Foreword Publishing information This part of BS 5702 was p
22、ublished by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2008. It was prepared by Technical Committee SS/4, Statistical process control. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Relationship with other publications It is envisaged that, ultimately, B
23、S 5702 will consist of the following parts: Part 0: General introduction to control charts for measurements; Part 1: Charts for mean, median, range and standard deviation; Part 2: Charts for individual values; Part 3: Charting techniques for short production runs and small batches. BS 5702-2 is self
24、-contained in respect to the specific subject matter. It also provides essential links to, and is consistent in approach, format and style with, BS 5702-1 and BS 5702-3, BS 5701 Parts 1 to 4, BS 600 and BS 5703 Parts 1 to 4. Use of this document BSI permits the reproduction of Figure B.1 and Figure
25、B.2, on pages 55 and 56 of BS 5702-2. This reproduction is only permitted where it is necessary for the user to record findings on the figures during each application of the standard. As a guide, this part of BS 5702 takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it we
26、re a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 5702 is expected to be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations. Presentational conventions The provisio
27、ns in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.
28、 Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Copyright British Standards Institution
29、Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv BSI 2008This page deliberately left blank BS 5702-2:2008 Copyright British Standards Institution P
30、rovided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BSI 20081 BS 5702-2:2008 1 Scope This part of BS 5702 gives guidance on the application of control cha
31、rts to individual observations. It demonstrates the benefits, versatility and usefulness of a simple but powerful pictorial method for monitoring, audit and surveillance with the objectives to control and improve many types of processes. These processes can, for example, be in industry, commerce, pu
32、blic service, health care, environment, food, information technology or finance. Case studies are included to illustrate this adaptability. It describes how and when to apply, select, construct, interpret and use, control charts: generally, to individual measurements of a single characteristic arran
33、ged in a meaningful sequence; and specifically, to particular cases of attribute data. This standard distinguishes between the use of control charts to achieve product control as opposed to steering a process (reducing variation and making estimates of, and securing progressive improvements in, proc
34、ess performance). This standard is aimed at all those concerned with statistical related initiatives based on individual observations and the continuous improvement of business processes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
35、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 600:2000, Guide to the application of statistical methods to quality and standardization BS 5702-1, Guide to statistical process contro
36、l (SPC) charts for variables Part 1: Charts for mean, median, range and standard deviation BS ISO 3534-2:2006, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001
37、 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS 5702-2:2008 2 BSI 2008 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 5702, the terms and definitions given in BS ISO 3534-2 apply. Key ter
38、ms and definitions required for the understanding of this standard are reproduced here. 3.1.1Process management 3.1.1.1characteristic distinguishing feature NOTE 1A characteristic can be inherent or assigned. NOTE 2A characteristic can be quantitative or qualitative. NOTE 3There are various classes
39、of characteristic, such as: physical (e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological); sensory (e.g. relating to smell, touch, taste, sight, hearing); behavioural (e.g. courtesy, honesty, veracity); temporal (e.g. punctuality, reliability, availability); ergonomic (e.g. linguistic or physiologica
40、l or related to human safety); functional (e.g. range, speed and rate of climb of an aircraft). BS EN ISO 9000:2005 3.1.1.2sample statistic summary measure of some observed value of a sample NOTE 1Sample statistics (random variables) are symbolized by upper case Latin letters in italics (e.g. and S)
41、 whereas the actual realization of sample statistics (observed values) are symbolized by lower case Latin letters in italics (e.g. and s). This contrasts with population parameters symbolized by lower case Greek letters in italics (e.g. and ). NOTE 2Observed values may be combined to form a test res
42、ult or measurement result. For instance, the density of a bar may involve the combining of observed values of length, diameter and mass. 3.1.1.3process set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs NOTE 1Inputs to a process are generally outputs from other proces
43、ses. NOTE 2Processes in an organization are generally planned and carried out under controlled conditions to add value. NOTE 3A process where the conformity of the resulting product cannot be readily or economically verified is frequently referred to as a “special process”. BS EN ISO 9000:2005 X x C
44、opyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 20:04:11 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BSI 20083 BS 5702-2:2008 3.1.1.4product result of a process NO
45、TE 1There are four generic product categories, as follows: services (e.g. transport); software (e.g. computer program, dictionary); hardware (e.g. engine mechanical part); processed materials (e.g. lubricant). Many products comprise elements belonging to different generic product categories. Whether
46、 the product is then called service, software, hardware or processed material depends on the dominant element. For example, the offered product “automobile” consists of hardware (e.g. tyres), processed materials (e.g. fuel, cooling liquid), software (e.g. engine control software, drivers manual), an
47、d service (e.g. operating explanations given by the salesman). NOTE 2Service is the result of at least one activity necessarily performed at the interface between the supplier and customer and is generally intangible. Provision of a service can involve, for example, the following: an activity perfor
48、med on a customer-supplied tangible product (e.g. automobile to be repaired); an activity performed on a customer-supplied intangible product (e.g. the income statement needed to prepare a tax return); the delivery of an intangible product (e.g. the delivery of information in the context of knowledge tra