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1、 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION GUIDE 114 First edition 2005-05 Environmentally conscious design Integrating environmental aspects into design and development of electrotechnical products Reference number GUIDE 114:2005(E) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IH
2、S under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 seri
3、es. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the b
4、ase publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Further information on IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to this publication, including its validity,
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8、urther information. Customer Service Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by I
9、HS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION GUIDE 114 First edition 2005-05 Environmentally conscious design Integ
10、rating environmental aspects into design and development of electrotechnical products IEC 2005 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
11、writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch S For price, see current catalogue PRICE CODE Commission Electrotechnique Int
12、ernationale International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
13、 -,-,- 2 Guide 114 IEC:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS DESIGN INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS INTO DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROTECHNICAL PRODUCTS FOREWORD This first edition of IEC Guide 114 has been prepared in accordance with Annex A of Part 1 o
14、f the ISO/IEC Directives by the Advisory Committee on Environmental Aspects (ACEA). The text of this guide is based on the following documents: Approval document Report on voting C/1357/DV C/1369/RV Full information on the voting for the approval of this guide can be found in the report on vot- ing
15、indicated in the above table. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Guide 114 IEC:200
16、5(E) 3 INTRODUCTION Every product has an effect on the environment, which may occur at any or all stages of its life cycle raw-material acquisition, manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal. These effects may range from slight to significant; they may be short-term or long-term; and they may occ
17、ur at the local, regional or global level (or a combination thereof). The interest of customers, users, developers and others in the environmental aspects and effects of products is increasing. The information provided by this document may also be of interest to external stakeholders who are not dir
18、ectly involved in the product design and development process. Anticipating or identifying the environmental aspects of a product throughout its life cycle may be complex. The environmental aspects of a product must also be balanced against other factors, such as its intended use, performance, safety
19、 and health, cost, marketability, quality, and legal and regulatory requirements. It is important to consider its function within the context of the system where it will be used. The process of integrating environmental aspects into product design and development must be continuous and flexible, pro
20、moting creativity and maximizing innovation and opportunities for environmental improvement. As a basis for this integration, environmental issues may be addressed in the policies and strategies of the organization involved. Early identification and planning enable organizations to make effective de
21、cisions about environmental aspects that they control and to understand better how their decisions may affect environmental aspects controlled by others for example, at the raw-material acquisition or end-of-life stages. The widespread use of electrotechnical products has drawn increased attention t
22、o their effects on the environment. In many countries all over the world, this has resulted in the adoption of electrical and electronic equipment regulations affecting wastes, hazardous substances and energy efficiency. The purpose of this document is to help designers of electrotechnical products
23、appropriately to manage related environmental issues within the design process. Principles of integrating environmental aspects into product design and development have been described in ISO 14062. Though electrotechnical products have some specific features which have given rise to the present docu
24、ment, some aspects of ISO 14062 have been taken up in this document to make it capable of standing alone. Subsequent sector-specific design documents may be developed to address specific sector needs not covered in this document. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS un
25、der license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 Guide 114 IEC:2005(E) ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS DESIGN INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS INTO DESIGN AND DEVELOPMEN
26、T OF ELECTROTECHNICAL PRODUCTS 1 Scope IEC Guide 114 describes concepts relating to the integration of environmental aspects into electrotechnical product design and development. It is intended for use by all those involved in the design and development of products, regardless of organization type,
27、size, location and complexity, and for all types of electrical and electronic equipment, whether new or modified. It is written for those directly involved in the process of product development and for those responsible for the policy and decision-making process within the organization. 2 Reference
28、documents ISO 1043 (all parts), Plastics Symbols and abbreviated terms ISO 9000:2000, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary ISO 11469:2000, Plastics Generic identification and marking of plastics products ISO 14001:1996, Environmental management systems Specification with guidance f
29、or use ISO 14040:1997, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework ISO/TR 14062:2002, Environmental management Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development IEC Guide 109:2003, Environmental aspects Inclusion in electrotechnical product standards 3
30、 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 consumable user-replaceable part or piece of equipment that manufacturers place on the market for direct sale for use in equipment NOTE Examples of consumables include printer cartridges and phot
31、ographic films. 3.2 design and development set of processes that transform requirements into specified characteristics or into the specification of a product, process or system NOTE 1 The terms “design“ and “development“ are sometimes used synonymously and sometimes used to define different stages o
32、f the overall process of turning an idea into a product. ISO 9000:2000, definition 3.4.4 NOTE 2 Product development is the process of taking a product idea from planning to market launch and reviewing the product, in which business strategies, marketing considerations, research methods and design as
33、pects are used to take a product to a point of practical use. It includes improvements or modifications to existing products or processes. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03
34、/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Guide 114 IEC:2005(E) 5 3.3 design specification specification which describes how to meet the functional requirements that are set by the performance specification 3.4 environment surroundings in which a pro
35、duct operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation NOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within a product to the global system. ISO 14001:1996, definition 3.2 3.5 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities, products or
36、services that can interact with the environment NOTE A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact ISO 14001:1996, definition 3.3 3.6 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or p
37、artly resulting from an organizations activities, products or services ISO 14001:1996, definition 3.4 3.7 field replaceable unit part, component or subassembly that is easily removed (mechanically disjointed) using ordinary tools NOTE “Easily removed” consists of using ordinary tools to perform such
38、 functions as screwing or disconnecting, and only without irreversibly destroying the unit. 3.8 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw-material acquisition or generation of natural resources to the final disposal ISO 14040:1997, definition 3.8 3.9 life cycle asse
39、ssment (LCA) compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle ISO 14040:1997, definition 3.9 3.10 performance specification specification, based on the requirement specification, which defines the functional requi
40、rements, the context in which the product must operate, and interface and interchangeability characteristics NOTE It does not state the methods for achieving the required results. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111
41、001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/08/2007 01:31:49 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 Guide 114 IEC:2005(E) 3.11 process set of interrelated or interacting activities which transform inputs into outputs NOTE 1 Inputs to a process are generally outputs
42、 of other processes. NOTE 2 Processes in an organization are generally planned and carried out under controlled conditions to add value. ISO 9000:2000, definition 3.4.1 3.12 product system collection of materially and energetically connected unit processes which performs one or more defined function
43、s ISO 14040:1997, definition 3.15 3.13 requirement specification specification of the requirements that the product has to fulfil; describes which user groups are aimed at and what basic functions the product should have 4 Strategic considerations 4.1 Goal and potential benefits The goal of integrat
44、ing environmental aspects into product design and development is the reduction of adverse environmental impacts of the product throughout its entire life cycle. In striving towards this goal, multiple benefits can be achieved for the organization, its competitiveness, its customers and other stakeho
45、lders. Potential benefits may include lower costs by optimizing the use of materials and energy, more efficient processes, reduced waste disposal; stimulation of innovation and creativity; increase in knowledge about the product, thus facilitating further improvements; reduction of risks, such as av
46、oiding non-compliance to regulations or risks of increased costs for end-of-life treatment due to hazardous substances. 4.2 Organizational considerations The existing policies, strategies and structure of an organization usually take account of their socio-economic context (for example, new regulati
47、ons on wastes and on substances) and of their stakeholders (customers, competitors, suppliers, etc.). It is important to consider this context, because it may have economic and environmental implications for the organization and can provide valuable guidelines for the integration of environmental as
48、pects into product design and development. 4.3 Product-related considerations Integration of environmental aspects into product design and development should consider the following product-related issues: early integration, i.e. address the environmental aspects early in the design and development process; product life cycle, i.e. analyse from raw-material acquisition to end of life (see Figure 1); functionality, i.e.