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1、 IEEE Std 1278.2-1995(R2002) IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationCommunication Services and Profi les Sponsor Standards Committee on Interactive Simulation (SCIS) of the IEEE Computer Society Reaffirmed December 10, 2002 IEEE Standards Board Approved September 21, 1995 IEEE Standards
2、 Board Abstract: Communication services to support information exchange between simulation applications participating in the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) environment are defined. These communication services describe a connectionless information transfer that supports real-time, as well
3、as non-real-time, exchange. Several communication profiles specifying communication services are provided. Keywords: communication service, Distributed Interactive Simulation, simulation network, protocol data units (PDUs), multicast The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 Ea
4、st 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 1996 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1996. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-55937-574-4 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retr
5、ieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproducti
6、on or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are
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18、 its attention. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Intr
19、oduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1278.2-1995. IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive SimulationCommunication Services and Proles.) Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) is a government/industry initiative to dene an infrastructure for linking simulations of various types at
20、multiple locations to create realistic, complex, virtual worlds for the simulation of highly interactive activities. This infrastructure brings together systems built for separate purposes, technologies from different eras, products from various vendors, and platforms from various services, and perm
21、its them to interoperate. DIS exercises are intended to support a mixture of virtual entities with computer-controlled behavior (computer generated forces), virtual entities with live operators (human in-the-loop simulators), live entities (operational platforms and test and evaluation systems), and
22、 constructive entities (wargames and other automated simulations). DIS draws heavily on experience derived from the Simulator Networking (SIMNET) program developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), adopting many of SIMNETs basic concepts and heeding lessons learned. In order for DIS t
23、o take advantage of currently installed and future simulations developed by different organizations, a means had to be found for assuring interoperability between dissimilar simulations. These means were developed in the form of industry consensus standards. The open forum (including government, ind
24、ustry, and academia) chosen for developing these standards was a series of semi-annual Workshops on Standards for the Interoperability of Distributed Simulations that began in 1989. The results of the workshops have been several IEEE standards. These standards provide application protocol and commun
25、ication service standards to support DIS interoperability. In addition, IEEE P1278.3, Draft, Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationExercise Management and Feedback, provides user guidelines for setting up and conducting a DIS exercise. The relationship between the component docu
26、ments comprising the set of IEEE DIS documents is shown in the gure below. Used together, these standards and the recommended practice will help to ensure an interoperable simulated environment. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with
27、IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iv The interoperability components addressed by these standards and the recommended practice are: a)Application protocols b)Commu
28、nications c)Exercise management and feedback IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 denes the format and semantics of data messages, also known as Protocol Data Units (PDUs), that are exchanged between simulation applications and simulation management. The PDUs provide information concerning simulated entity states,
29、the type of entity interactions that take place in a DIS exercise, and data for management and control of a DIS exercise. IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 also species the communication services to be used with each of the PDUs. These services are dened in IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 . An additional, non-IEEE document
30、 is required for use with IEEE Std 1278.1-1995. This document is entitled Enumeration and Bit-encoded Values for use with IEEE Std 1278.1, and is available from the Tactical Warfare Simulation and Technology Information Analysis Center at the Institute for Simulation and Training of the University o
31、f Central Florida. IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 denes the communication services required to support the message exchange described in IEEE Std 1278.1-1995. In addition, IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provides several communication proles that meet the specied communications requirements. Together IEEE Std 1278.1-199
32、5 and IEEE Std 1278.2-1995 provide the necessary information exchange for the communications element of DIS. IEEE P1278.3, Draft, Recommended Practice for Distributed Interactive SimulationExercise Management and Feedback provides guidelines for establishing a DIS exercise, managing the exercise, an
33、d providing proper feedback. This recommended practice is used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1278.1-1995 and IEEE Std 1278.2-1995. Revisions are anticipated to each of these standards and the recommended practice within the next few years to clarify existing material, to correct possible errors, and
34、to incorporate new material. Future versions of these documents will contain information concerning additional interoperability components that are currently in the process of being dened. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELi
35、censee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- v At the time this standard was developed, the Communication Subgroup of the Communication Architecture and Security Working Group had
36、the following membership: Christina Bouwens , Chair Kevin Boner Jerry Burchfiel Danny Cohen Claude Crassous de Medeuil Wim De Jong Ron Deluca Debra Deutsch Ken Doris Mark Eliot Allen Farrington Edward Feustel Thomas Gehl David Gobuty Victor Griswold Dale Guhse Amnon Katz Al Kerecman John Kirkpatrick
37、 Wayne Lindo Margaret Loper Michael Macedonia Ben Mackey Richard Mecklenborg Jon Miller William Miller Walter Milliken Richard Modjeski James Moulton Michal Myjak Edward Oswald William Price J. Mark Pullen Ray Rhode Mark Riecken Robert Romalewski William Rowan Richard Schantz Joshua Seeger Steve Sei
38、densticker James Sleeth Amy Vanzant-Hodge Gary Warden David Wood Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking
39、permitted without license from IHS -,-,- vi The following persons were on the balloting committee: Alexander Akerman, III Robert Biano Kevin Boner Christina Bouwens J. Joseph Brann Don Brutzman Michael T. Burke Ernest R. Carbone John Cater Frederick Cazenave Andrew Ceranowicz Susan Chen Danny Cohen
40、Dominic Colonna Wendell Cook Claude Crassous de Medeuil Ann Davies Robert De Kinder Jean-Pierre Faye William F. Flanigan Jerry Forbes William Gallip Keith H. Gardner Sarah Gautier Lawrence H. Goldberg Brian F. Goldiez Charles E. Hagen James H. Hammond Elliott Hinely Ronald C. Hofer Mark Hoptiak Step
41、hen D. Huffman Michelle Kalphat-Lopez Mark Kilby John F. Lethert Jay Levenson Robert Levine Karl Lindberg Margaret Loper Gerald Lucha Michael Macedonia David L. Macintire Edward Martin Ron Matusof Mark McAuliffe Peter McCarthy Larry Bruce McDonald David R. McKeeby Duncan C. Miller Jon Miller John Mi
42、lls James Moulton Eugene P. Naccarato Hung T. Nguyen Glenn M. OBannon Michael OConnor Granville Ott George Moody Parsons Dana A. Paterson Wesley Potterton J. Mark Pullen Joe Ricci Mark Riecken John Robbins Michael Robkin Michael Rothrock John Ruckstuhl Randy Saunders Richard Schaffer Frank Serna Ste
43、ven Sheasby Jack H. Sheehan David T. Shen John E. Sherwood Steven J. Slosser Scott H. Smith Robert Sottilare Lee Spence Gerald Stueve Gary L. Teper James Totten Greg J. Unangst Harold Underwood Daniel J. Van Hook Richard Vance Amy Vanzant-Hodge Peter Versteegen Karen Williams Mark Yeager Philomena Z
44、immerman Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- vii When the IE
45、EE Standards Board approved this standard on September 21, 1995, it had the following membership: E. G. “Al“ Kiener , Chair Donald C. Loughry , Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem , Secretary Gilles A. Baril Clyde R. Camp Joseph A. Cannatelli Stephen L. Diamond Harold E. Epstein Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Fo
46、rster* Donald N. Heirman Richard J. Holleman Jim lsaak Ben C. Johnson Sonny Kasturi Lorraine C. Kevra Ivor N. Knight Joseph L. Koepfinger* D. N. “Jim“ Logothetis L. Bruce McClung Marco W. Migliaro Mary Lou Padgett John W. Pope Arthur K. Reilly Gary S. Robinson Ingo Rsch Chee Kiow Tan Leonard L. Trip
47、p Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. AggarwalRichard B. Engelman Robert E. Hebner Chester C. Taylor Kim Breitfelder IEEE Standards Project Editor Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. P
48、rovided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/28/2007 23:25:44 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- viii CLAUSEPAGE 1. Overview.1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 2 1.3 Key assumptions 2 2. References.3 3. Definitions and acronyms .3 3.1 Definitions 3 3.2 Acronyms. 6 4. General requirements6 4.1 Communication services overview 6 4.2 Service requirements 7 5. Protocol profiles for DIS.10 5.1 Profile 1: Internet Protocol ProfileBroadcast service. 10 5.2 Profile 2: Intern