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1、ANSI N42.41-2007 American National Standard Minimum Performance Criteria for Active Interrogation Systems Used for Homeland Security IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 15 February 2008 Accredited by the American National Standards Institute Sponsored by the National Committee on Radiati
2、on Instrumentation, N42 N42.41 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-
3、 Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI N42.41-2007 American Nat
4、ional Standard Minimum Performance Criteria for Active Interrogation Systems Used for Homeland Security Sponsor National Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42 Accredited by the American National Standards Institute Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Approved 29
5、 October 2007 American National Standards Institute Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
6、icense from IHS -,-,- Abstract: The performance criteria for active interrogation systems in homeland security applications are described in this standard. These systems are intended for non-intrusive inspection of closed containers, vehicles, and packages of a wide range of types and sizes. In thes
7、e systems, the contents of an inspection zone are irradiated with penetrating ionizing radiation to determine the presence of a hidden substance-of-interest by the analysis of stimulated secondary radiations or nuclear-resonance absorption spectra that are indicative of the chemical and/or nuclidic
8、composition of the substance-of-interest. Keywords: active interrogation, baggage, cargo, chemical warfare agents, detection, explosives, gamma-rays, high-energy x-rays, homeland security, identification, neutrons, SNM, special nuclear materials, weapons of mass destruction, WMD _ The Institute of E
9、lectrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 15 February 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Pat
10、ent +1-978-750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employ
11、ees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Introduction This introduction is not part of ANSI N42.41-2007, American National Standard Minimum Performance Criteria for Active Interrogation Systems Used
12、for Homeland Security. This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited American Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42. The standard was approved by the N42 letter ballot of MarchApril 2007. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed
13、at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Atte
14、ntion is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be resp
15、onsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institut
16、e of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Participants At the time it approved this standard,
17、the Accredited Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42, had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Chair Louis Costrell, Deputy Chair William Ash, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented.Name of Representative Bartlett Services .Morgan Cox Canberra Markku Koskelo Ch
18、ew, M.H .Jack M. Selby Commerce Dept, U.S. NIST Michael P. Unterweger Louis Costrell (Alt.) Consultant Frank X. Masse Department of Homeland Security .Peter Shebell Entergy-ANO .Ron Schwartz Health Physics Society .Sandy Perle IEEE Louis Costrell .Julian Forster (Alt.) .Anthony Spurgin (Alt.) .Micha
19、el P. Unterweger (Alt.) International Medcom Don Sythe Lawrence Berkeley National Lab .Edward J. Lampo Lawrence Livermore National Lab .Gary Johnson NASA, GSFC .Sachidananda R. Babu Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cynthia Jones Nuclear Standards Unlimited .Al N. Tschaeche Oak Ridge National Laboratory
20、 .Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. .Charles Britton (Alt.) ORTEC Ronald M. Keyser Pacific Northwest National Laboratory .Richard Kouzes Swinth Associates .Kenneth L. Swinth U.S. Army Edward Groeber U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.Cynthia Jones Members-At-Large .Ernesto Corte .Joseph C. McDonald .Paul L. Phel
21、ps .Joseph Stencel .Lee J. Wagner vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or net
22、working permitted without license from IHS -,-,- At the time this standard was completed, Subcommittee N42.HSI had the following membership: Morgan Cox, Co-Chair Michael P. Unterweger, Co-Chair Paul Bailey Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. David Gilliam Mark D. Hoover Cynthia G. Jones Ronald Keyser Richard Kouze
23、s Joseph C. McDonald Leticia Pibida Brian Rees Peter Shebell David Trombino At the time this standard was completed, the ANSI N42.41 Working Group had the following membership: David M. Gilliam, NIST, Chair and Project leader William Bertozzi MIT, Passport Systems David Chichester SNL Ed Franco Rapi
24、scan Systems (formerly ARACOR) Tsahi Gozani Rapiscan Systems/HEIC Siraj M. Khan Customs and Border Protection/DNDO James L. Jones .INL Steve Korbly Passport Systems Robert Ledoux .Passport Systems David F. R. Mildner NIST Thomas L. Moore LLNL Calvin E. Moss LANL Frank H. Ruddy .Westinghouse Dennis R
25、. Slaughter .LLNL George Vourvopoulos .SAIC vii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduc
26、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope. 1 1.2 Purpose 2 1.3 General considerations. 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 3 3.1 General 3 3.2 Definitions of particular relevance to N42.41 5 3.3 Special word usage 6 4. General characteristics
27、 of active interrogation systems 6 4.1 Inspection zone characteristics 6 4.2 Interrogating radiation type and physical principles 7 4.3 Physical configurations 8 5. Performance requirements 8 5.1 Simulants. 8 5.2 Requirements for PD, PFA, and statistical confidence 9 5.3 Average allowed inspection t
28、imes. 10 5.4 Simulated cargo loadings and simulant locations 12 5.5 Specification of masses to be detected 13 6. Electromagnetic, mechanical, environmental, and radiation protection requirements. 14 6.1 Ambient temperature. 14 6.2 Relative humidity (RH). 14 6.3 Radio frequency (RF) 14 6.4 Radiated e
29、missions 14 6.5 Magnetic fields 15 6.6 AC line voltage operation 15 6.7 Electrostatic discharge. 15 6.8 Conducted disturbances induced by bursts and radio frequencies. 15 6.9 Vibration and shock. 15 6.10 Sealing. 15 6.11 Radiation protection 16 7. Documentation . 17 7.1 Type test report 17 7.2 Syste
30、m description. 17 7.3 Operation and maintenance manuals. 17 viii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:
31、53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Annex A (informative) Simulants 18 A.1 C4 or Plastique military explosive 18 A.2 Ammonium nitrate plus fuel oil (ANFO) explosive. 19 A.3 Sarin nerve agent GB 20 A.4 Mustard gas HD 20 A.5 Low-enrichment uranium (LEU) with 19
32、.5% 235U. 20 A.6 Tungsten carbide spherical shell. 20 Annex B (informative) Statistical considerations. 21 ix Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User
33、=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07
34、/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- American National Standard Minimum Performance Criteria for Active Interrogation Systems Used for Homeland Security 1. 1.1 Overview Scope This standard specifies the operational and performance requirements f
35、or active interrogation systems for use in homeland security applications. These systems employ penetrating ionizing radiation (e.g., neutrons, high-energy x-rays, gamma-rays) to detect and identify hidden chemical, nuclear, and explosive agents by detection of stimulated secondary radiations or by
36、nuclear resonance contrast, giving elemental and/or nuclidic identification of the composition of the substances-of-interest. These inspection systems may be designed for open inspection zones of various sizes or for various sizes of containers such as small packages, briefcases, suitcases, air carg
37、o containers, passenger vehicles, two-axle trucks, intermodal cargo containers, semi-trailers/tractor rigs, or rail cars. The systems may be designed for operation in indoor, outdoor, or mobile facilities. At the time of this writing, there are only a few commercially available active interrogation
38、systems, and most of these are still in a stage of rapid development. None are yet deployed on a very broad scale, either domestically or internationally. The requirements of this standard provide a set of minimally acceptable performance criteria for preliminary screening of candidate systems for f
39、urther consideration. Prior to deployment on a broad scale, more detailed and realistic testing beyond the scope of this standard should be carried out, with some test specifications outside of the public domain. Detectable amounts of substances in this standard may correspond to quantities that are
40、 larger or smaller than those of significance in particular circumstances. Successful completion of the tests described in this standard should not be construed as certification of an ability to successfully detect and identify all chemical, nuclear, and explosive agents in all possible cargos, nor
41、as a certification that false positive rates in actual stream-of-commerce applications will be no larger than in these tests. This standard does not consider radiographic imaging characteristics. However, if active interrogation features that provide chemical or nuclidic identification of substances
42、 are included in a system that is primarily intended for radiography, then the active interrogation features of the system may be tested and evaluated under this standard. 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IH
43、S under license with IEEELicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 07/30/2008 02:49:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSI N42.41-2007 American National Standard Minimum Performance Criteria for Active Interrogation Systems Used for
44、 Homeland Security 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 2. Purpose The purpose of this standard is to specify the minimum performance criteria for active interrogation systems to be considered for use in homeland security applications. General considerations Evaluation of active interrogation systems Testing is to be conducted under a set of specified conditions t