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1、 ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1987 (Revision of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1975 and IEEE Std 391-1976) An American National Standard IEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers Sponsor Electronics Transformer Technical Committee of the IEEE Magnetics Society Approved December 11, 1986 IEEE Standards Board Approved May 18, 198
2、7 American National Standards Institute Copyright 1987 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written perm
3、ission of the publisher. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the I
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7、able to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE Standard. Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardl
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11、etations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE Standards Board 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA iii Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1987, IEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers.) The purpose of this standard is to provide a common ground between electronic syste
12、m engineers and pulse transformer design engineers. This standard does not apply to transformers when used in a wire entrance facility to an electric power station. Neither is it intended to include low-power switching-type pulse transformers. These are covered in IEEE Std 272 1970, IEEE Standard fo
13、r Computer-Type (Square-Loop) Pulse Transformers. This standard pertains to pulse transformers that transmit peak power that averages from a few milliwatts to those that transmit peak power that averages in the kilowatts. Also, the voltage range is from a few peak volts to many peak kilovolts. Initi
14、ally, the impetus for developing pulse transformers of all types, came from the need for these devices in the radar used in World War II. The range of voltage and power of these types of transformers is still being increased as magnetrons, klystrons, and traveling wave and cross-eld amplier loads ar
15、e developed for higher voltage and power. It is hoped that this standard will benet the manufacturer and the user of these transformers. This standard is a combination of two original standards: ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1975 and IEEE Std 391-1976 . IEEE Std 391-1976 has been simultaneously withdrawn with t
16、he publication of this revision of ANSI/IEEE Std 390-1987. This standard was prepared under the Subcommittee Chairmanships of J. D. Schwartz and A. A. Toppeto, respectively, and the Working Group Chairmanships of W J. Field and A. D. Hasley, respectively. At the time this standard was approved the m
17、embership of the Working Group of the Pulse Transformer Subcommittee was as follows: E. D. Belanger , Chair Michael I. Distefano John B. Evans A. D. Hasley R. M. Rowe J. D. Schwartz John Tardy Herman I. Tillinger At the time this standard was approved the membership of the Pulse Transformer Technica
18、l Committee of the IEEE Magnetics Society was as follows: A. A. Toppeto , Chair Jack Adams P. A. Cattermole Richard P. Carey David E. Cavenaugh Michael I. Distefano John B. Evans W. J. Field Russell Fischer A. D. Hasley Reuben Lee Dale Leppert W. A. Martin Bernie McDonnell H. S. Mitsanas D. D. Meach
19、am Cyril Pouch R. M. Rowe Eugene Shaeffer J. D. Schwartz Mark E. Shepard John Tardy Herman I. Tillinger L. E. Unnewehr Larry W. Vann R. G. Wolpert iv The following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE Standards Board. E. D. Belanger Richard P
20、. Carey Michael I. Distefano C. J. Elliott H. Fickensher Russell Fischer R. A. Frantz P Goethe L. W. Kirkwood H. Lee R. Lee H. W. Lord O. Kiltie R. L. Sell John Tardy Herman I. Tillinger J. P. Whistler R. G. Wolpert When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on December 11, 1986, it had th
21、e following membership: John E. May , Chair Irving Kolodny , Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr , Secretary James H. Beall Fletcher J. Buckley Paul G. Cummings Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster Daniel L. Goldberg Kenneth D. Hendrix Irvin N. Howell Jack Kinn Joseph L. Koepfinger* Edward Lohse Lawrence V. McCa
22、ll Donald T. Michael* Marco W. Migliaro Stanley Owens John P. Riganati Frank L. Rose Robert E. Rountree Martha Sloan Oley Wanaselja J. Richard Weger William B. Wilkens Helen M. Wood Charles J. Wylie Donald W. Zipse *Member emeritus v CLAUSEPAGE 1. Scope and References .1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 References 1
23、 1.3 Typical Transformer Types to which this Standard Applies . 2 1.4 Related Transformer Standards 2 2. Definitions.2 3. Symbols.5 3.1 Pulse Transformer Schematics. 5 3.2 Input PulseSource Voltage Pulse Applied Through Associated Impedance or Source Current Pulse 5 3.3 Output PulseTransformed Volta
24、ge Pulse or Load Current Pulse. 6 3.4 Source and Load Impedance 6 3.5 Transformer Parameters. 6 4. Performance Tests.7 4.1 Electric Strength. 7 4.2 Induced Voltage Electric Strength. 8 4.3 Direct-Current Insulation Resistance. 8 4.4 Ratio of Transformation (Turns Ratio) 9 4.5 Polarity. 9 4.6 Direct-
25、Current Resistance of Windings Referred to 25 C 9 4.7 Short-Circuit Impedance (Leakage Inductance) 9 4.8 Open-Circuit Parameters (Magnetizing Pulse Inductance and Exciting Current). 10 4.9 Open-Circuit Admittance (Distributed Capacitance). 10 4.10 Voltage-Time Product Rating 11 4.11 Direct Capacitan
26、ce Between Windings 11 4.12 Balance. 11 4.13 Functional Test. 11 4.14 Corona (Partial Discharge) Tests. 13 4.15 Temperature Rise Test. 13 5. Equivalent Circuits13 5.1 Complete Equivalent Circuit for a Pulse Transformer. 13 5.2 Partial Equivalent Circuits for a Pulse Transformer. 15 5.3 Pulse Transfo
27、rmer Tests to Determine Equivalent Circuit Elements 20 5.4 Pulse Response Parameters Under Load 21 6. Preferred Test Methods.21 6.1 Ratio of Transformation (Turns Ratio) Test Method (See 4.4) . 21 6.2 Short-Circuit Impedance (Leakage Inductance) Test Method (See 4.7) 22 6.3 Open-Circuit Admittance (
28、Distributed Capacitance) Test Methods (See 4.9) 23 6.4 Open-Circuit Impedance (Magnetizing Pulse Inductance and Exciting Current) Test Method. Recommended Method: Rectangular Voltage Pulse Applied from Low-Impedance Source, and Pulse-Exciting Current Response Observed (See 4.8). 23 vi CLAUSEPAGE 6.5
29、 Voltage-Time Product Test Method. Recommended Methods: Rectangular Voltage Pulse Applied from Low-Impedance Source and Pulse-Exciting Current Response Observed (See 4.10) 26 6.6 Three Recommended Balance Test Methods (See 4.12). 27 6.7 Temperature Rise Test (See 4.15) 28 6.8 Corona (Partial Dischar
30、ge) Test (See 4.14). 30 7. Marking.30 8. Service Conditions31 9. Bibliography31 Annex A Alternate Test Methods (Informative).32 Copyright 1987 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1 An American National Standard IEEE Standard for Pulse Transformers 1. Scope and References 1.1 Scope This standard pertains to pul
31、se transformers for use in electronic equipment. For the various types of these transformers, the peak power transmitted ranges from a few milliwatts to kilowatts; and the peak voltage transmitted ranges from a few volts to many kilovolts. These transformers are required to transmit unipolar or bipo
32、lar pulses of voltage or current within specied tolerances of amplitude and time when operated between specied impedances. They are typically used as coupling devices in electronic circuits. In blocking oscillators, they are connected to provide positive feedback in the circuit. In radar or similar
33、use, they are used to couple the modulator to a magnetron, a klystron, a traveling-wave tube or a cross-eld amplier load. Whenever numerical values are indicated in this standard, they may be considered as recommended values. Section 6. describes the preferred transformer test methods and Appendix A
34、 contains alternate test methods. 1.2 References This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications: 1 ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1984, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms. 1 2 ANSI/IEEE Std 111-1984, IEEE Standard for Wide-Band Transformers. 3 ANSI/IEEE Std 2
35、60-1978 (R 1985), IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Units, Customary Inch-Pound Units and Certain Other Units). 4 ANSI/IEEE Std 268-1982, American National Standard for Metric Practice. 5 ANSI/IEEE Std 280-1985, IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Quantities Used in Electrical S
36、cience and Electrical Engineering. 6 ANSI/IEEE Std 315-1975 (CSA Z99-1975), IEEE Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams. 7 ANSI/IEEE Std 315A-1986, IEEE StandardSupplement to Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams. 1 ANSI/IEEE publications can be obtained from the S
37、ales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, or from the Service Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. 2 Copyright 1987 IEEE All Rights Reserved IEEE Std 390-1987IEEE STANDAR
38、D FOR 8 ANSI/IEEE Std 455-1985, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Measuring Longitudinal Balance of Telephone Equipment Operating in the Voice Band. 9 IEEE Std 119-1974, IEEE Recommended Practice for General Principles of Temperature Measurement as Applied to Electrical Apparatus. 10 IEEE Std 194-197
39、7, IEEE Standard Pulse Terms and Denitions. 11 IEEE Std 272-1970 (R 1976), IEEE Standard for Computer-Type (Square-Loop) Pulse Transformers. 12 IEEE Std 389-1979, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Electronics Transformers and Inductors. 13 HENRY, D. A. and TOPPETO, A. A. Pulse Inductance Problem
40、s and Peculiarities. Electronic Components Conference , 1972. 14 MUNK, P. R. and SARTORI, E. F. A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Transformer Balance. IEEE Transactions on Parts, Materials, and Packaging , vol PMP-4, no 1, March 1968, pp 1221. 1.3 Typical Transformer Types to which this Standa
41、rd Applies This standard applies to the following transformer types: 1)Power output (drivers) 2)Impedance matching 3)Interstage coupling 4)Current sensing 5)Blocking-oscillator transformers 1.4 Related Transformer Standards ANSI/IEEE Std 111-1984, IEEE Standard for Wide-Band Transformers. IEEE Std 2
42、66-1969 (R 1981), IEEE Test Procedure for Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electronics Power Transformers. IEEE Std 272-1970 (R 1976), IEEE Standard for Computer-Type (Square-Loop) Pulse Transformers. IEEE Std 306-1969 (R 1981), IEEE Test Procedure for Charging Inductors. RS 176-1956, Pulse Tran
43、sformers for Radar Equipment. 2 RS 181-1957, Iron Core Charging Inductors. 2. Definitions Electrical terms used in this standard shall be in accordance with those given in IEEE Std 194-1977 10 3 and ANSI/ IEEE Std 100-1984 1. In addition, a number of terms are dened in this section; however, ANSI/IE
44、EE Std 100-1984 1 shall take precedence in the case of any conict. 2 These publications can be obtained from the Sales Department, Electronic Industries Association, 2001 Eye St NW, Washington, DC 20006. 3 The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the references in 1.2. Copyright 1987 IEEE All
45、Rights Reserved 3 PULSE TRANSFORMERSIEEE Std 390-1987 2.1 peak working voltage: The maximum instantaneous voltage stress that may appear under operation across the insulation being considered, including abnormal and transient conditions. 2.2 input pulse shape: Current pulse or source voltage pulse a
46、pplied through associated impedance. The shape of the input pulse is described by a current- or voltage-time relationship and is dened with the aid of Fig 1 in accordance with the following denitions. NOTE A general amplitude quantity is designated by A , which may be current I or voltage V 2.2.1 pu
47、lse amplitude, A M : That quantity determined by the intersection of a line passing through the points on the leading edge where the instantaneous value reaches 10% and 90% of A M and a straight line that is the best least- squares t to the pulse in the pulse-top region (usually this is tted visuall
48、y rather than numerically). For pulses deviating greatly from the ideal trapezoidal pulse shape, a number of successive approximations may be necessary to determine A M. NOTE The pulse amplitude A M may be arrived at by applying the following procedure. Step 1: Visually or numerically determine the
49、best straight line t to the pulse in the pulse-top region and extend this straight line into the leading-edge region. Step 2: An initial estimate of A M is the rst intersection of the pulse (in the late leading-edge or early pulse-top regions) with the straight line tted to the pulse top. Step 3: Using the estimated of A M calculate 0.1 A M and 0.9 A M and draw a straight line through these two points of the pulse-leading edge. Step 4: The intersection of the leading-edge straight line and the pulse top stra