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1、IEEE 100 The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms Seventh Edition 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESINTERACTIVE Short Stand Long Published by Standards Information Network IEEE Press Trademarks and disclaimers IEEE believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication dat
2、e; such information is subject to change without notice. IEEE is not responsible for any inadvertent errors. Other tradenames and trademarks in this document are those of their respective owners. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5997, U
3、SA Copyright ? 2000 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published December 2000. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior writt
4、en permission of the publisher. To order IEEE Press publications, call 1-800-678-IEEE. Print: ISBN 0-7381-2601-2SP1122 See other standards and standards-related product listings at: http:/standards.ieee.org/ The publisher believes that the information and guidance given in this work serve as an enha
5、ncement to users, all parties must rely upon their own skill and judgement when making use of it. The publisher does not assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage caused by any error or omission in the work, whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause. A
6、ny and all such liability is disclaimed. This work is published with the understanding that the IEEE is supplying information through this publication, not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional sh
7、ould be sought. The IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESINTERACTIVE Short Stand Long Contents Introductionv How to Use This Dictionaryvi Categoriesvi Trademarksix The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms1 Abstract
8、s and Sources1294 Non-IEEE Standards Sources1351 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESINTERACTIVE Short Stand Long The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Termsiii 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESBLANK Short Stand Long Introduction IEEE standards establish an authoritative common language that defi nes quality
9、and setstechnicalcriteria. By guaranteeing consistency and conformity through open consensus, IEEE standards add value to prod- ucts, facilitate trade, drive markets, and ensure safety. Thats why leading companies, organizations, and industries around the globe rely on them. Critical components of t
10、his common language are the terms and defi nitions that are at the foundation of the vast body of IEEE standards. In the past decade alone, hundreds of termsdescribing the latesttools, techniques, and best practiceshave been added to the lexicon of IEEE standards. In this newly updated Authoritative
11、 Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, professional experts and stu- dents alike will gain an in-depth understanding and appreciation for the breadth of coverage of IEEE standards terms and defi nitions not found in any other single source. The seventh edition of IEEE 100 has been revised to include n
12、early 35 000 technical terms anddefi nitions from over 800 standardscovering areas such as power and energy, communications, information tech- nology, and transportation systems. In addition to an extensive list of widely used acronyms and abbre- viations, this new edition also contains detailed abs
13、tracts of each terms associated standard(s). Whats more, all defi nitions are augmented by a combination of indispensable information, including: Preferred and popular usage of each term Variations in meanings among different technical specialties Cross-indexing to related works Key explanatory note
14、s for further term clarifi cation In preparing this latest edition of the Dictionary, we realized that the standards community desired more than just a compilation of IEEE standardized terms and defi nitions. They needed an authoritativeresource created by the organization that develops and produces
15、 the standards from which the terms and defi nitions are derivedthe IEEE. In addition, we determined the Dictionary needed to be not only user friendly, but also rich in information.Inotherwords,itneededtobetheAuthoritativeDictionaryofIEEEStandards Terms. Susan K. Tatiner Director, IEEE Standards Pu
16、blishing Programs IEEE Standards Project Editors for the seventh edition: Kim Breitfelder Don Messina Additional assistance was provided by the IEEE Standards editorial staff. 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESINTERACTIVE Short Stand Long The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Termsv How to Use This
17、Dictionary The terms defi ned in the Dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categoriesassociated with the term in earlier editions of the Dictionary will follow the ter
18、m in parentheses. New categories appear after the defi nitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan- dards that include the defi nition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition of the standard was superseded by a newer revi
19、sion and the term was not included in the revision. If a designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back of the book. Abstracts of the current set
20、 of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the IEEE Standards World Wide Web site at http:/standards.ieee.org/. Categories The category abbreviations that are used in this edition
21、 of the Dictionary are defi ned below. This infor- mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the defi nition. Older terms for which no categorycould be found have had the category Std100 assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than IEEE standards, such as the National Electric
22、al Code? (NEC?) or the National Fire Protection Association, may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all sources for the most up-to-date terminology. Categories sorted by abbreviation AESaerospace and electronic systems AHDLcomputerAnalog Har
23、dware Descriptive Language AMRautomatic meter reading and energy management APantennas and propagation ATLcomputerAbbreviated Test Language for All Systems BAcomputerbus architecture BTbroadcast technology Ccomputer CAScircuits and systems CEconsumer electronics CHMcomponents, hybrids, and manufactu
24、ring technology COMcommunications CScontrol systems DAcomputerdesign automation DEIdielectrics and electrical insulation DESGdispersed energy storage and generation DIScomputerdistributed interactive simulation EDelectron devices EDUeducation EECelectrical equipment and components ELMelectricity met
25、ering EMengineering management EMBengineering in medicine and biology EMCelectromagnetic compatibility GRSgeoscience and remote sensing GSDgraphic symbols and designations IAindustry applications IEindustrial electronics IIinformation infrastructure IMinstrumentation and measurement ITinformation th
26、eory 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESINTERACTIVE Short Stand Long viThe Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms IVHSintelligent vehicle highway systems LEOlasers and electro-optics LMcomputerlocal and metropolitan area networks MAGmagnetics MILmilitary MMcomputermicroprocessors and microcomputers
27、MTTmicrowave theory and techniques NECNational Electrical Code NESCNational Electrical Safety Code NFPANational Fire Protection Association NInuclear instruments NIRnon-ionizing radiation NNneural networks NPSnuclear and plasma sciences ODMcomputeroptical disk and multimedia platforms OEoceanic engi
28、neering PAcomputerportable applications PEpower engineering PELpower electronics PQpower quality PSPDpower surge protective devices PVphotovoltaics QULquantities, units, and letter symbols Rreliability RArobotics and automation REMrotating electrical machinery RLroadway lighting S auxiliary switch.
29、AAAC Concentric-lay-stranded all aluminum alloy conductor. (T auxiliary switch. abampere The unit of current in the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) electromagnetic system. The abampere is 10 A. (Std100) 270-1966w abandoned call (telephone switching systems) A call during which the calling station goes
30、on-hook prior to its being an- swered.(COM) 312-1977w ABASIC A dialect of the BASIC programming language. (C) 610.13-1993w A battery A battery designed or employed to furnish current to heat the fi laments of the tubes in a vacuum-tube circuit. See also: battery.(EEC/PE) 119 ABBET applicationAn end-
31、useprogramconstructedusingone or more ABBET components.(ATLAS) 1226-1993s ABBET component An implementation of the services defi ned in an IEEE ABBET component standard. (ATLAS) 1226-1993s ABBET implementation The installation and utilization of one or more ABBET applications.(ATLAS) 1226-1993s ABBE
32、T layer A natural grouping to the ABBET services that is recognized by the ABBET layer model. (ATLAS) 1226-1993s abbreviated dialing (telephone switching systems) A feature permitting the establishment of a call with an input of fewer digits than required under the numbering plan. (COM) 312-1977w ab
33、breviated ringing A short, variable burst of power ringing that is required to establish a temporary communications path in certain types of network pair-gain equipment. The switch is instructed, via trunk signals, to output thisabbreviatedring- ing on the end users line. (SCC31/AMR) 1390.3-1999, 13
34、90.2-1999, 1390-1995 Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems (ATLAS) (1) A standard abbreviated English languageusedinthepreparation and documentation of test procedures or test programs that can be implemented either manually or with automatic or semiautomatic test equipment. (ATLAS/SCC20) 1232-1
35、995, 1226-1998, 771-1984s, 993-1997 (2) A test language used by test engineers in controlling au- tomatic test equipment.(C) 610.13-1993w A Broad-Based Environment for Test (ABBET) A set of in- ternational standards that defi ne language-independent inter- faces to industry standards regarding autom
36、atic testing and integrated diagnositcs.(SCC20) 993-1997 abbreviation A shortened form of a word or expression. See also: reference designation; symbol for a unit; letter combi- nation; graphic symbol; mathematical symbol; symbol for a quantity; functional designation.(GSD) 267-1966 abend See: abnor
37、mal end. ability A mode that a device can advertise using Auto-Negoti- ation. For modes that represent a type of data service, a device shall be able to operate that data service before it may ad- vertise this ability. A device may support multiple abilities. (C/LM) 802.3-1998 abnormal decay The dyn
38、amic decay of multiply written, su- perimposed (integrated) signals whose total output amplitude changes at a rate distinctly different from that of an equivalent singly written signal. Note: Abnormal decay is usually very much slower than normal decay and is observed in bombard- ment-induced conduc
39、tivity type of tubes. See also: charge- storage tube.(ED) 158-1962w abnormal end Termination of a process prior to completion. Synonym: abend. See also: exception; abort. (C) 610.12-1990 abnormal glow discharge (gas tube) The glow discharge char- acterized by the fact that the working voltage increa
40、ses as the current increases. See also: discharge.(Std100) 31 abnormality Any deviation from the pre-established test con- ditions, including the tolerance limits, that may affect the out- come of the test.(PE/IC) 1407-1998 abnormal preamble A preamble that does not match the syn- chronization patte
41、rn resulting in a packet error. (C) 610.7-1995 abort (1) (software) To terminate a process prior tocompletion. See also: abend; exception.(C) 610.12-1990 (2) To terminate the transmission of a framebeforeithasbeen completely transmitted.(EMB/MIB) 1073.4.1-2000 abort completion point A point at which
42、 the execution of an aborted construct must complete.(C) 1003.5-1999 abort deferred operation An operation that always continues to completion without being affected by an abort. Certain operations are required by the Ada language to be abort de- ferred.(C) 1003.5-1999 abortive release An abrupt ter
43、mination of a network connection that may result in the loss of data.(C) 1003.5-1999 abort sequence A sequence transmitted by an originating ring station that terminates the transmission of a frame prema- turely. It also causes the ring station receiving this frame to terminate the frames reception.
44、(C/LM) 8802-5-1998 above threshold fi ring time (microwave switching tubes) (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal waveguide compo- nents) The time to establish an above-threshold discharge in the gas tube after the application of radio frequency power. This time delay is responsible for the spike in
45、 the leading edge of the output leakage waveform. See also: duplexer; gas tube.(MTT) 457-1982w abrupt junction (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal wave- guide components) (semiconductor) A semiconductor crys- tal having an n-region containing a near-constant net concen- tration of donor impurities
46、 adjoining a p-region with a near-constant net concentration of acceptors; used primarily in microwave frequency multipliers, dividers, and parametric circuits.(MTT) 457-1982w ABS (cable systems in power generating stations) Conduit fabricated from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. (PE/SUB/EDPG) 422-
47、1977, 525-1992r ABSBH load See: average busy season busy-hour load. absolute accuracy Accuracy as measured from a reference that must be specifi ed.(IA/EEC) 61, 74 absolute address (software) An address that is permanently assigned to a device or storage location and that identifi es the device or l
48、ocation without the need for translation or calcu- lation. Synonyms: specifi c address; explicit address.Contrast: symbolic address; relative address; relocatable address. See also: absolute assembler; absolute code; absolute loader; ab- solute instruction.(C) 610.12-1990 (2) (A) (computers) An addr
49、ess that is assigned by the ma- chine designer to a physicalstoragelocation.(B)(computers) A pattern of characters that identifi es a unique storage loca- 2absolute altimeterabsolute value 39210IEEE DictionaryIEEESBATCH Short Stand Long tion without further modifi cation. See also: machine address. (C) 20, 85 (3) (A) An address that is permanently assigned to a device or storage location and that identifi es the device or location without the need for translation or calculation. (B) The actual complete address of a device or storage location. Synonyms: spec