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1、IEEE Std 421.4-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std 421.4-1990) IEEE Standards 421.4 TM IEEE Guide for the Preparation of Excitation System Specifications 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee IEEE Standard
2、s 22 November 2004 Print: SH95244 PDF: SS95244 -,-,- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 22 November 2004. Printed in the U
3、nited States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. NOTEAttention is called to the possibility that implement
4、ation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which a licen
5、se may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. -,-,- Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 421.4-2004, IEEE Guide for the Preparatio
6、n of Excitation System Specifications.) This guide is intended as resource material for writers preparing a specification for procurement of an excitation system for a synchronous machine. It is intended that IEEE Std 421.1TM-1986, IEEE Std 421.2TM-1990, IEEE Std 421.3TM-1997, and IEEE Std 421.5TM-1
7、992 be used in conjunction with this guide in preparing the specification. This guide is not intended to be a fill-in-the-blanks guide but a narrative description of items and functions that should be considered in preparing excitation system specifications. Some of the information presented in this
8、 guide may be unnecessary for the writers particular specification. One should judge the applicability of information to be included in the writers specification and remove all inapplicable portions. Some tutorial material is included for the user who may be relatively inexperienced in selecting par
9、ameters and requirements for each particular application. It should also be noted that this document defines an excitation control system as one that includes the synchronous machine. The definition is included here for clarity as the term is not defined in IEEE Std 421.1-1986; however, it is includ
10、ed in IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition. Suggestions for improvement of this specification guide are welcomed. They should be sent to the Secretary, IEEE Standards Board Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 088
11、55, USA. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be acce
12、ssed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to t
13、he existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that
14、 are brought to its attention. -,-,- ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants The following is a list of participants in the Excitation Systems Subcommittee Working Group. Richard C. Schaefer, Chair The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Ball
15、oters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 24 June 2004, it had the following membership: Don Wright, Chair Steve M. Mills, Vice Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-
16、SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan Cookson, NIST Representative Savoula Amanatidis IEEE Standards Managing Editor J. C. Agee M. J. Basler R. Beaulieu R. Berube K. Bollinger S. Corsi M. L.Crenshaw M. Coultes T. W. Eberly G. Gi
17、rgis A. Godhwani L. Hajagos J. D. Hurley R. A. Lawson J. F. Luini Om P. Malik Charles R. Mummert A. Murdoch L. Nettleton Manfred Reimann L. Rodland R. Rusch A. W. Schneider, Jr. P. Smulders L. Wall J. C. Agee Thomas Blair Steven Brockschink Tommy Cooper Gary Engmann Robert Fenton William G. Fossey R
18、obert Grondin Randall Groves Edward Horgan, Jr. Richard Huber David Jackson David Kornegay Prabha Kundur Lisardo Lourido Gregory Luri Om P. Malik Thomas McCaffrey Paul Micale James Michalec Gary Michel Charles Morse Charles R. Mummert Arun Narang Shawn Patterson Paul Pillitteri Manfred Reimann James
19、 Ruggieri Robert Rusch Surya Santoso Richard Schaefer A. W. Schneider, Jr. S. Thamilarasan Gerald Vaughn Zhenxue Xu Chuck Adams H. Stephen Berger Mark D. Bowman Joseph A. Bruder Bob Davis Roberto de Boisson Julian Forster* Arnold M. Greenspan Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman Richard J. Holleman Richar
20、d H. Hulett Lowell G. Johnson Joseph L. Koepfinger* Hermann Koch Thomas J. McGean Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Doug Topping Joe D. Watson -,-,- Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.v Contents 1.Overview 1 2.References
21、 2 3.Definitions . 2 4.Introduction 3 4.1 Basics. 3 4.2 Operating models. 4 4.3 Installation . 4 4.4 Conventions . 4 4.5 Insulation systems 4 4.6 Diodes and thyristors. 4 4.7 Availability 5 4.8 Redundancy of equipment . 5 4.9 Spare parts 6 5.Exciter rating considerations . 7 5.1 General. 7 5.2 Stead
22、y-state ratings 7 5.3 Transient requirements 8 6.Exciter type and power source considerations. 9 6.1 General. 9 6.2 Operation parameters. 10 6.3 Excitation systems for rotating exciters. 10 6.4 Rotating dc generator-commutator exciters. 11 6.5 Rotating ac exciters 11 6.6 Static exciters. 11 7.Excita
23、tion system performance measures and synchronous machine regulator considerations 13 7.1 Manual control performance 14 7.2 Automatic control performance (including the synchronous machine). 14 7.3 Auxiliary control functions 17 8.Control considerations. 21 8.1 De-excitation 21 8.2 Unit manual contro
24、l . 21 8.3 Unit automatic control. 22 8.4 Unit automatic start/stop 22 8.5 Unit automatic voltage matching. 22 8.6 Setpoint adjusters. 22 8.7 Setpoint tracking 23 8.8 Control circuit interface to power plant circuits 23 8.9 Data logging. 24 8.10 Communication interface for digital excitation systems
25、 . 24 -,-,- viCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. 9.Protection considerations. 24 9.1 General requirements. 24 9.2 Protective action 24 9.3 Annunciation action. 24 10.Environmental and enclosure considerations 25 10.1 Environmental 25 10.2 Enclosure . 25 10.3 Instruments and controls for remot
26、e mounting 26 11.Information to be provided by the manufacturer. 26 11.1 General requirements. 26 11.2 Information that may be provided at the time of submission of proposals 27 11.3 Information provided prior to delivery of the equipment 27 11.4 Information to be provided with equipment when it is
27、delivered 27 11.5 Photographs . 27 11.6 Drawing review procedure during project stage 28 11.7 Drawing review after commissioning is completed 28 12.Equipment tests 28 12.1 Excitation control equipment factory tests 28 12.2 DC commutator exciter 29 12.3 Alternator-rectifier exciter. 29 12.4 Potential
28、 source-rectifier exciter 30 12.5 Controlled rectifier assembly factory test 31 12.6 Compound source-rectifier exciter 31 12.7 Field tests. 33 Annex A (informative) ACDC power converters 35 Annex B (informative) Excitation questionnaire. 36 -,-,- Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1 IEEE Guide
29、 for the Preparation of Excitation System Specifications 1. Overview This guide is intended to provide to the specification writer the necessary material for preparing a specification for the procurement of an excitation system for a synchronous machine. The information presented in this guide is gi
30、ven in narrative form with the descriptions and functions of particular items that should be examined in preparing the specifications. Some information presented in this guide may be inapplicable for a specific excitation system application, and it may be omitted in the writers specification. The te
31、rm excitation control system is used throughout this guide. An excitation control system is a feedback control system that includes the synchronous machine and its excitation system. Figure 1 contains a block diagram of an excitation control system. An excitation system is the equipment providing fi
32、eld current for a synchronous machine, including all power, regulating, control, and protective elements. An exciter is the equipment that provides the field current for the excitation of a synchronous machine. A synchronous machine regulator couples the output variables of the synchronous machine t
33、o the input of the exciter through feedback and forward controlling elements for the purpose of regulating the synchronous machine output variables (see IEEE Std 421.1TM-1986).1 The influence of the power system upon the operation of the excitation control system must be considered when the synchron
34、ous machine is connected to the utility grid. 1Information on references can be found in Clause 2. Figure 1Block diagram of the components of an excitation control system -,-,- IEEE Std 421.4-2004IEEE GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. References This guide sh
35、all be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following specifications are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. ANSI C50.12-1982 (Reaff 1989), American Standard Requirements for Salient-Pole Synchronous Generators and Generators/Motors for Hydraulic Tu
36、rbine Applications.2 ANSI C50.13-1989, American Standard Requirements for Cylindrical-Rotor Synchronous Generators. IEEE Std 421.1-1986, IEEE Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines.3, 4 IEEE Std 421.2TM-1990, IEEE Guide for Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of the
37、 Dynamic Performance of Excitation Control Systems. IEEE Std 421.3TM-1997, IEEE Standard for High-Potential Test Requirements for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines. IEEE Std 421.5TM-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies. IEEE Std C3
38、7.18TM-1979 (Reaff 2003), IEEE Standard Enclosed Field Discharge Circuit Breakers for Rotating Electric Machinery. IEEE Std C57.12.00TM-2000, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. IEEE Std C57.12.91TM-2001, IEEE Standard Test Code fo
39、r Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers. 3. Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1 digital excitation system: A
40、 common nomenclature for describing an excitation system for a synchronous machine where some, if not all, of the functionality is implemented in a digital processor. As a minimum, the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) control function would be expected to be implemented digitally in such a system.
41、It is likely that the limiter functions and optional var/power factor (pf) or power system stabilizer (PSS) controls are also implemented in the same digital-based control. 3.2 excitation control system: The feedback control system that includes the synchronous machine and its excitation system. The
42、 term is used to distinguish the performance of the synchronous machine and excitation system in conjunction with the power system from that of the excitation system alone. 3.3 excitation system: The equipment providing field current for a synchronous machine, including all power, regulating, contro
43、l, and protective elements. 2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 3The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of
44、Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 4IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). -,-,- IEEE EXCITATION SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONSStd 421.4-2004 Copyright 2004 IEEE. All righ
45、ts reserved.3 3.4 excitation system stabilizer: A function that serves to modify the voltage regulator forward signal by either series or feedback compensation to improve the dynamic performance of the excitation control system. 3.5 exciter: The equipment that provides the field current for the exci
46、tation of a synchronous machine. 3.6 line drop compensator: A function that modifies the machine terminal voltage to compensate for the impedance drop to a fixed point in the external network. 3.7 power system stabilizer (PSS): A function that provides an additional input to the voltage regulator to
47、 improve the damping of power system oscillations. NOTEA number of different quantities may be used as input to the power system stabilizer, such as shaft speed, fre- quency, electric power, and so on, or a combination of these signals.5 3.8 reactive droop compensator: A function that causes a reduc
48、tion of terminal voltage proportional to reactive current. It is generally used to obtain reactive current sharing among synchronous machines operating in parallel. 3.9 reactive differential compensator: A function used to obtain reactive current sharing among synchronous machines operating in parallel without causing reduction of terminal voltage. It requires interconnection of voltage regulators or current transformers of the machines. 3.10 synchronous machine regulator: A general term applied to a regulator that couples the output variables of a synch